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天然软土地基路堤临界高度一种计算方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考虑地表硬壳层应力扩散作用、硬壳层的抗剪强度、中间主应力 对地基承载力的影响,从实际情况下土的静止侧压力系数出发,依据极坐标表示的弗拉曼公式和统一强度理论,推导出天然软土地基临塑与临界荷载公式,提出天然软土地基上路堤临界高度的一种计算方法。结合算例,探讨了软土层和硬壳层静止侧压力系数 、中间主剪应力系数 取不同值对路堤临界高度 的影响。结果表明： 与 的改变对路堤临界高度 影响很大,新的理论公式更能反应软土地基承载力的实质,对覆有硬壳层的软土地基上路堤的修筑具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2015,(Z2)
为了研究硬壳层对低路堤软土地基动力响应的影响,将软土地基上的道路系统模拟成路面-路基-硬壳层-软土地基4层结构。假设路面、路基、硬壳层都为单相弹性土体,而软土地基采用饱和多孔介质模拟,通过积分变换法对模型进行推导求解,分别建立了路面、路基、硬壳层和软土地基的动力刚度矩阵,并考虑路表车辆荷载条件、层间连续条件和饱和软基表面透水条件,最终集成了道路结构的整体动力刚度矩阵,获得了车辆荷载作用下低路堤软土地基的动力响应解答。在该基础上,利用快速傅里叶逆变换方法对动力响应进行数值求解,详细分析了硬壳层厚度、模量和泊松比对动应力扩散作用的影响。研究结果表明,软土地基表面的动力响应对硬壳层厚度和模量的变化十分敏感,硬壳层的存在大大地减弱了软基顶面的竖向动应力,并且增大了竖向动应力的分布范围,可见硬壳层对交通荷载引起的动力响应有明显的扩散作用。 相似文献
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基于实测资料,假设列车轮载经钢轨传递下来的荷载由5根枕木承担。根据分担比,获得了道渣层表面非均布荷载的表达式。将道渣层视为单相弹性介质,软土地基被看成是考虑水土耦合作用的饱和多孔介质。借助势函数,利用Helmholtz矢量分解法及Fourier变换技术分别对弹性土体和饱和半空间土体进行求解,得到非均布移动荷载作用下软土地基位移、应力及孔压响应在变换域内的精确解答。利用FFT算法得到了数值结果,详细分析了荷载分布形式、观察点位置、道渣性质以及软土地基渗透系数对动力响应的影响。研究结果表明：高速情况下动力响应与低速情况有很大不同;对于软土路基,应特别注意列车高速运行时路基浅层范围内产生的孔压响应。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(5):1454-1462
波浪循环荷载通过堤身和砂质土置换层传递给软土地基,在软土地基中产生循环动应力,使软黏土发生不排水强度弱化现象,严重影响格型钢板桩防波堤承载性能。结合工程算例,基于动力有限元法建立考虑软土循环弱化效应的格型钢板桩防波堤三维弹塑性动力分析模型,对软土地基在循环荷载作用下最大孔压增长规律以及不排水强度弱化特性进行研究。建立格型钢板桩-软土地基系统动力稳定性分析方法,对格型钢板桩-软土地基系统的破坏模式、稳定性以及沉降变形特性进行分析。结果表明:最大孔隙水压力主要分布在格体周围软土层,主、副格仓底部及部分桩-土接触部位的不排水强度发生明显弱化。考虑软土地基循环弱化效应时,格型钢板桩-软土地基系统的稳定性安全系数显著降低。建议在实际工程中应考虑软土地基循环弱化效应对格型钢板桩防波堤稳定性的影响。 相似文献
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基于某大面积深厚淤泥软基加固处理工程试验,从淤泥地基承载特征考虑,为定量确定软土之上覆盖层（包括原覆盖层及人工填土层）并反映静动力排水固结法中静力、动力荷载和排水体系的相互适应关系,建立了冲击荷载下淤泥地基上覆土层合理厚度 的定量模型。对该模型参数地基压力扩散角 、地基承载力特征值 、冲击荷载允许应力比R进行分析讨论。模型中变化的允许应力比R直观和定量地反映了冲击荷载大小与软土层排水体系布置方式、软土覆盖层厚度的相互适应关系,也可作为评判软基加固效果的参数。相关试验结果还表明,对于淤泥地基,实际夯击作用下 大于《建筑地基基础设计规范》中的23°～30°。工程应用表明,建立的模型与实际情况有较好的一致性,其定量的表达式也为工程人员设计应用提供了便利,对类似的软土地基处理工程有借鉴或指导意义。 相似文献
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为探究荷载作用下软土地基直接拼接拓宽路堤受力和变形特征,利用自行设计制造的模型试验系统,通过改变软土地基差异沉降、土工格栅加铺层数对软土地基高速公路直接拼接路堤进行一系列模型试验,研究各种工况下旧路与新拓宽路堤土中应力变化。试验结果表明,拓宽路堤在荷载作用下新旧路各断面土中竖向应力随着荷载的增大而增大,受路堤填土边坡与下伏地基侧向约束条件的影响,荷载作用下土中竖向应力在填土路堤与地基内沿深度方向呈现先减小、后增大、再减小的分布特征;软土地基拓宽路堤差异沉降对新旧路结合部位土中竖向应力影响较大,土中竖向应力随着差异沉降增大而增大;旧路范围内土中竖向应力受差异沉降的影响不大;在拓宽路堤填土的顶部和底部各布设一层土工格栅加筋层时可明显减小路堤土中竖向应力和路堤沉降：相同荷载作用下对比无加筋路堤,铺设2层土工格栅加筋路堤的顶面沉降最大可以减少62%,土工格栅加筋对软土地基拓宽路堤沉降有较好的控制作用。 相似文献
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Due to the insufficiency of the previous damage constitutive model for rock, an improved damage mechanics model for rock is proposed with characterising the crack closure effect. Otherwise, the effective methods of determining the model parameters and crack closure coefficient are proposed. The results represent that the model can reflect the damage evolution of rocks in the deformation process in the crack closure stage and this improved model is more reasonable than the previous model. Crack closure coefficient also has great effect on distribution parameters. The calculation formula of damage energy dissipation rate considered that crack closure effect is derived and the relationships between damage energy dissipation rate and crack closure coefficient are analysed. Crack closure coefficient has great effect on damage dissipation energy rate. Damage energy dissipation rate increases with the decrease of crack closure coefficient and damage energy dissipation rate increases quickly in the post-peak stage. 相似文献
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D. F. Malan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1999,32(2):123-155
Summary Although hard rock is not usually associated with large creep deformation, significant time-dependent behaviour is observed
in the tabular excavations of the South African gold mines. Time-dependent closure data was collected in stopes of the Ventersdorp
Contact Reef and Vaal Reef. This data typically consists of a primary closure phase after blasting, followed by a steady-state
closure phase. This closure behaviour is the result of the rheology of the fracture zone around these excavations and the
time-dependent extension of this zone following a mining increment. An elasto-viscoplastic approach was developed to simulate
the time-dependent nature of the fracture zone. This model proved successful in simulating the experimental closure profiles.
It appears that the closure data may provide useful diagnostic information of the stress conditions in the fracture zone ahead
of the face. This may possibly be used to identify hazardous conditions such as areas prone to face bursting. The effect of
preconditioning on the time-dependent closure behaviour is also illustrated. 相似文献
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Ausama A. Giwelli Koji Matsuki Kiyotoshi Sakaguchi Akihisa Kizaki 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(14):2186-2204
In the direct shear test (DST), an internal moment is distributed within the rock specimen by non‐coaxial shear loads applied to the specimen, which cause non‐uniform distributions of both the traction on the loading planes and the stress and deformation in the specimen. To examine the validity of the DST for a rock fracture and to clarify the effect of specimen height, both the stress and deformation in a fracture in the DST were analyzed for specimens with three different heights using a three‐dimensional finite element method with quadratic joint elements for a fracture model. The constitutive law of the fracture considers the dependence of the non‐linear behavior of closure on shear displacement and that of shear stiffness on normal stress and was implemented in simulation code to give a conceptional fracture with uniform mechanical properties to extract only the effect of non‐uniform traction on the stress and deformation in the fracture. The results showed that both normal and shear stresses are concentrated near the end edges of the fracture, and these stress concentrations decrease with a decrease in the specimen height according to the magnitude of the moment produced by the non‐coaxial shear loads. Furthermore, although closure is greater near the end edges of the fracture, where normal stress is concentrated, this concentration of closure is not so significant within the range of this study because of the non‐linear behavior of closure, that is, closure does not significantly increase with an increase in normal stress at large normal stresses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Closure temperature is important to many diffusion-related problems involving cooling. The classic model of Dodson and its modifications for cooling petrological systems are formulated at constant pressure. Many petrologic processes involve changes in both temperature and pressure. The effect of changing pressure on diffusional loss in cooling petrological systems has not been considered in Dodson’s model. During upwelling, the decompression rate is related to the cooling rate through the slope of the upwelling path. Simple analytical expressions for the average or mean closure temperature and closure pressure in cooling-upwelling mono-mineralic and bi-mineralic systems are obtained by noting that both temperature and pressure decrease as a function of time along the upwelling path. These pressure-adjusted equations are nearly identical to closure temperature equations for isobaric cases if one replaces the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for diffusion in the isobaric formulations by the path-dependent activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The latter also depend on the slope of the upwelling path. The competing effects between pressure and temperature on diffusion during upwelling result in reductions in the effective activation enthalpy for diffusion and exchange enthalpy for partitioning, which in turn leads to systematic deviations in closure temperatures from cases of constant pressure. For systems with large activation volume for diffusion, it may be possible to deduce upwelling path and upwelling rate from closure temperatures and closure pressures of selected elements. Examples of closure temperature and closure pressure for REE diffusion in garnet and clinopyroxene and in garnet–clinopyroxene aggregates are presented and discussed in the context of the minor’s rule and the REE-in-garnet–clinopyroxene thermobarometer. Closure temperatures for middle-to-heavy REE in garnet–clinopyroxene aggregates are controlled primarily by diffusion in clinopyroxene unless the modal abundance of garnet is very small or the effective grain size of clinopyroxene is considerably smaller than that of garnet. 相似文献
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In order to study the damage constitutive model of rock mass with non-persistent joints in engineering practice, the assumption that the rock mesoscopic elements strength obeys the Weibull distribution function of random, the Drucker–Prager criterion is used as a representation method to describe the strength of the mesoscopic elements, and mesoscopic damage variable is deduced. Combined with the energy principle and the fracture damage theory, the macroscopic damage variable formula is deduced considering the crack propagation length and the friction effect of joint closure in the rock mass. Finally, based on the strain equivalent hypothesis of Lemaitre and considering the coupling of macro and micro defects, the composite damage variables are derived. A macro–meso composite damage constitutive model of rock mass with non-persistent joints is established based on the Drucker–Prager criterion. The theoretical constitutive curves of the model are in good agreement with the experimental constitutive curves of the non-persistent jointed rock masses. The considering effects of crack propagation length and joint closure friction effect are compared with those without considering the crack propagation length and joint closure friction effect, which finds that the former is superior to the latter, and the rationality and validity of the model is verified. 相似文献
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A closed-form analysis for elastic—plastic response of a circular hole in an infinite Mohr—Coulomb medium under axisymmetric loading shows the effect of repeated loading on the stress and displacement fields around the hole. Examples show how repeat-load closure increment is affected by working load, internal pressure, material compressive strength and internal friction. The solution is used to predict results of a laboratory test performed on a rock simulant specimen that contained a reinforced hole. Analytical and laboratory results are similar: at small closures (a few per cent, but well into the plastic response range), the closure increment from an unload—reload cycle is small compared with the initial closure. Closure increments for each of several cycles are comparable and cumulative. 相似文献
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青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升的证据 总被引：24，自引：6，他引：18
认为青藏形成统一大陆应该在印支期晚期古特提斯洋关闭和海水退出时。由于来自冈瓦纳大陆的羌塘微陆块向NE斜向俯冲 ,产生了印支期的阿尼玛卿、柴北缘和阿尔金大规模走滑断裂的形成 ,并且由于东部受到华南板块的阻挡 ,形成南北向的龙门山褶皱带。此阶段 ,地势较低 ,海拔不高。直至中特提斯洋在白垩纪早期关闭 ,来自冈瓦纳大陆的冈底斯微陆块沿班公湖—怒江一线俯冲到北部高原的下面 ,由于高原北部受到塔里木—阿拉善地块的阻挡 ,东部受到南中国板块的阻挡 ,高原北部开始隆升 ,形成高原雏形。高原南北统一大陆形成于新特提斯洋的关闭和印度板块沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带与欧亚大陆碰撞时 ,并在新近纪后开始快速抬升 ,形成现今的高原地貌 ,这已是共识。值得讨论的是 ,如何识别高原北部白垩纪时期的隆升 ,以及其对建立高原隆升模型和计算高原北部隆升速率的贡献。 相似文献
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在压裂施工过程中,为了减少压裂液对储层的伤害,压裂液应当被及时排出地层。结合物质平衡原理、渗流力学理论和二维滤失模型,建立了裂缝强制闭合模型,并编制了相应的计算程序,根据井口压力变化规律并结合裂缝闭合条件可得到不同渗透率、裂缝高度和裂缝半长对应的裂缝强制闭合时间。同时,影响裂缝闭合时间的因素权重通过BP神经网络结合理论模型的数据进行了研究。结果显示,渗透率、裂缝高度、返排液粘度、裂缝半长、井筒半径和油嘴半径这六个参数是影响裂缝闭合时间的主要因素,并且在这些因素中,渗透率和油嘴半径的影响权重最大。因此,在压裂液返排过程中,为了实现改善压裂效果的目的,要着重考虑油嘴半径的选择。本文结果为裂缝闭合时间的研究提供了可靠的理论基础。 相似文献
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上新世早—中期是巴拿马海道关闭及印度尼西亚海道收缩的关键时期。目前,针对这两个海道关闭的气候效应已有不少研究,但多数研究关注巴拿马海道、洋流变化及其与北半球高纬冰盖发育的联系,缺乏两大热带海道关闭/收缩对东亚气候影响及机理的研究。我们基于挪威地球系统模型(NorESM-L)探讨了印尼海道收缩及巴拿马海道的浅关闭对东亚气候的影响。结果表明,热带海道的关闭/收缩加强了北太平洋的经向梯度,进一步导致夏季近地表气温在东亚北部降低,东亚南部升高;降水在长江流域至中国东海一线显著增加,但在东亚南部至西南部显著减少。冬季,近地表气温在东亚大陆地区升高,降水减少。上述变化主要由印尼海道的收缩导致,除冬季温度外,巴拿马海道浅关闭对东亚气候的影响较弱。此外,结合定性的记录-模拟对比,我们进一步揭示出热带海道的关闭/收缩可在一定程度上影响东亚气候在中上新世的转型,但不是主要驱动力。 相似文献
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位于西藏改则县的多龙矿集区是班公湖—怒江结合带最重要的斑岩型铜-金产地,具有较大的找矿潜力。本文利用MML-EM算法(Minimum Message Length-Expectation Maximization Algorithm)和ILR变换(Isometric Log-Ratio Transformation)为基础的主成分分析定量研究多龙矿集区水系沉积物化探数据的统计分布规律。混合分布筛分结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Mn、Ag、Sn、W、Mo、As、Sb、Bi、Hg和Au的元素含量都服从包含两个对数正态分布的混合分布。大部分元素的高均值子分布反映了该地区多期次岩浆或热液活动。通过作ILR变换(Isometric Log-Ratio Transformation),消除了多龙地区化探数据的闭合效应,第一主成分的元素组合指示该地区的铜-金成矿潜力。多龙地区大部分铜-金矿床(点)和地表蚀变落在第一主成分得分较高的区域。根据第一主成分的得分,本文圈定了若干个成矿潜力较大的靶区。 相似文献