共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This study takes cognizance of the fact that the TIOMIN (TIOMIN Resources Inc. of Canada) project has resulted in controversy over its handling of environmental issues and especially the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The authors address many of the protracted issues that have slowed the development of the mining project in Kwale. The main emphasis is on the impacts of the mining and mineral separation processes on the environment, including the governing legislation, the role of consultation and public participation, and socioeconomic issues. In their public documents TIOMIN has specified neither the type of minerals it wants to extract from the area nor their chemical composition. It is well known, however that the titanium minerals and zircon targeted have impurities of iron, thorium and uranium. In the absence of an Environmental Management Plan, the effects of stockpiling radioactive wastes and other impurities that could possibly lead to environmental degradation in both the terrestrial and marine environments have not been publically addressed. The measures proposed to mitigate ecological damage as a result of the establishment of a minerals processing plant in the area seem inadequate. Pollution resulting from accidental spillage or breakage could have significant impact on marine life and residents living near the mining site. Other issues that have not been addressed satisfactorily pertain to the use of surface and underground water. The area already faces a huge water deficit and the calculations presented on aquifer recharge and stream flow rates do not indicate the large quantities of water that would be required in the mineral processing plant. The project, if approved in its present state, risks violation of international conventions. Furthermore, it could cause a conflict between Kenya and Tanzania in the event of an oil spill at the proposed ship loading facility at Shimoni. The proposed mining area includes the district's most fertile land, is home to many fisherfolk and is a major tourist destination. An analysis of the effects of this project on other available opportunities must be thoroughly understood to ascertain the economic and environmental benefits and costs of the mining venture. The proposed compensation rate of $1,000 per acre, for resettlement for example, appears to be grossly inadequate. Compensation should take into account family size and structure family assets and the cost of relocation. 相似文献
2.
J. O. Z. Abuodha 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):199-207
This article addresses both environmental and socioeconomic issues concerned with the development or operation of the envisaged titanium mining project in Kwale District of Kenya. TIOMIN Resources Inc., of Canada, through its wholly owned Kenyan subsidiary, Kenya Titanium Minerals Ltd., is proposing to develop a titanium sands mine and mineral processing plants which will produce high grades of heavy minerals including rutile, ilmenite, and zircon. In addition, TIOMIN has proposed to develop a ship loading facility at Shimoni, a significant marine habitat in Kenya. When properly designed and implemented, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a powerful tool for ensuring that environmental issues are given due consideration during project design, allowing the benefits of the project to be maximized, while reducing the environmental and social costs of development. In Kenya, the EIA has to be conducted according to the requirements of the Kenya Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (2000) and in compliance with World Bank standards. An EIA document submitted to the enforcement authority, National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), enables the issuing of an Environmental Impact Assessment License and a Mining License. A number of exploration studies have been undertaken and several sites have been identified for the extraction of titanium minerals and zircon. Many have expressed concern that environmental matters should be considered before a decision about titanium mining is undertaken. Toxic chemicals used in heavy mineral separation processes and disturbance or redistribution of sediment could spell a disaster for the coastal waters. The Wasini channel is home to world class coral reefs, humpback and spotted dolphins, and marine turtles. Another contentious issue is that of radioactivity associated with the minerals zircon and monazite. The coastal zone is a crucial part of the economy, as it supplies a living for a large number of people along the coast. It is envisaged that involuntary resettlement without adequate compensation and viable alternative sites may result in serious socioeconomic consequences. 相似文献
3.
《Marine Policy》2017
The New Zealand region contains untapped natural mineral, oil, and gas resources while also supporting globally unique and diverse faunal communities that need to be managed sustainably. In this paper key information from the international literature is reviewed that can underpin an Environmental Mining Management System which includes elements of Environmental Risk Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Planning. This paper focuses on four developing areas of seafloor mining activities presently being undertaken or planned in the New Zealand region: hydrocarbons (oil and gas), minerals, ironsands and phosphorite nodules. A number of issues with the implementation of environmental management systems are identified including the difficulty of assessing new marine activities or technologies and the need for standardised reporting metrics. Finally, the development of ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning is discussed which will be required to enhance environmental mining management frameworks in New Zealand. 相似文献
4.
环境磁学某些研究进展评述 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
环境磁学是应用岩石磁学和矿物磁学技术去恢复环境过程、重塑环境演化历史的一门边缘科学。沉积环境中磁性矿物的形成、搬运、沉积和演化受气候变化和环境过程的控制,因此,岩石和矿物磁学性质可作为环境变化和气候过程的代用指标。环境磁学能为全球环境变化、气候过程研究提供有价值的资料。鉴于环境磁学方法在古环境和古气候研究中的重要作用。本文对当前黄土、湖泊沉积物和海洋喾物环境磁学研究的一些进展作简要评述。 相似文献
5.
《Marine Policy》2017
Commercial interest in deep sea minerals in the area beyond the limits of national jurisdiction has rapidly increased in recent years. The International Seabed Authority has already given out 26 exploration contracts and it is currently in the process of developing the Mining Code for eventual exploitation of the mineral resources. Priority issues have so far been feasibility and profitability of this emerging industry, while relatively little consideration has been given as to how, and to an even lesser extent, whether deep seabed mining should proceed. This article makes a case that the global community should question and scrutinize the underlying assumption that deep seabed mining is going benefit humankind as a whole before commercializing the common heritage of humankind. 相似文献
6.
Julie Q. Shang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2003,21(3):227-235
The proposed Taiwan Strait Tunnel will raise numerous challenges for environmental professionals. The environmental issues must be incorporated in the preliminary study, planning, design, and construction of the works and be addressed consistently throughout all phases of the project. In this article, the environmental issues that will be encountered in the construction stage are discussed, including environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, and specific environmental issues during construction such as spoil handling, air quality and noise control, drainage, and health and safety. The experience and practice of handling environmental issues during the construction English Channel Tunnel are reviewed throughout the discussion. 相似文献
7.
《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):227-235
The proposed Taiwan Strait Tunnel will raise numerous challenges for environmental professionals. The environmental issues must be incorporated in the preliminary study, planning, design, and construction of the works and be addressed consistently throughout all phases of the project. In this article, the environmental issues that will be encountered in the construction stage are discussed, including environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, and specific environmental issues during construction such as spoil handling, air quality and noise control, drainage, and health and safety. The experience and practice of handling environmental issues during the construction English Channel Tunnel are reviewed throughout the discussion. 相似文献
8.
Sam Bateman 《Ocean & Coastal Management》1996,33(1-3)
Ports and shipping operations are under increased environmental scrutiny in Australia, particularly as so many of Australia's ports and shipping routes are located in or near major environmentally sensitive areas. The environmental risks involved have been highlighted by the publicity given to shipping accidents. Environmental regulations over aspects of port operations, including ballast water management, dredge spoil and waste reception, are also becoming stricter. While port authorities have adopted stringent environmental guidelines, they remain concerned that the full impact of proposed new environmental regulations on maritime industry may not be fully understood. This paper discusses some of the issues involved with achieving a balance between environmental protection and the need to recognise the importance of seaborne trade to Australia and to maintain Australia's competitiveness in international trade. 相似文献
9.
中沙群岛附近海域沉积物中的轻矿物分区及物质来源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海底沉积物中的碎屑矿物(粒级为0.063~0.125 mm)的特征及分布样式对于鉴别沉积物的源区具有重要的指示意义.对取自南海中沙群岛附近海域114个表层沉积物样品的轻矿物含量、分布特征和矿物组合进行了研究,在此基础上将本区划分为以下三个矿物组合区:生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)、火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)、混合矿物区(Ⅲ).生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)的矿物组合单一,为生物骨屑矿物.生物骨屑矿物主要来源于中沙环礁,极少量的陆源物质及火山物质可通过悬浮或风等途径搬运进入此区.火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)的轻矿物以褐色火山玻璃为主,火山渣、无色火山玻璃等火山碎屑矿物含量也较高.风化碎屑及陆源碎屑矿物(如石英等)的含量较低.火山渣在本区呈点源式扩散分布.本区矿物组合为褐色火山玻璃-火山渣.此区的物质来源相对复杂,主要来源于原地海山岩石剥蚀风化以及区内可能存在的正在喷发的小型火山物质的风化,周边岛弧火山对其贡献极小.混合矿物区(Ⅲ)的物源丰富,包括生物源、火山源及陆源,该区又可分为两个矿物亚区:东北部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-1),主要的矿物组合包括生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英、长石等,陆源物质来自于我国大陆,陆源物质基本上位于17°N以北;东南部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-2),矿物组合为生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英以及风化碎屑矿物,其中陆源物质可能来自南海南部及西南部大陆中的碎屑矿物,通过发源于大河口的海底峡谷搬运进深海盆. 相似文献
10.
Olivia A. Lee 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(8):439-446
Tourism is a major source of income in Malaysia, and coastal development for tourism is greatly encouraged. This study reviews the policies that affect the development of coastal resorts, hotels and tourism-related infrastructure in Malaysia from the pre-construction phase to the post-construction operational phase. Problems in coastal protection policies have deep roots including a lack of public support and awareness for environmental issues, inadequate governmental agency coordination and lack of funding which is necessary for successful implementation. A review of studies assessing the usefulness of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in Malaysia was conducted to determine whether potential impacts were well understood prior to starting development, and highlighted the issue of poor Environmental Management Plans during the operations phase of most coastal resorts. At the current level of fiscal, governmental and public support it is difficult to enforce policies aimed at minimizing environmental impacts from coastal resort developers. 相似文献
11.
12.
东海内陆架泥质区百年来黏土矿物组成变化及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东海内陆架泥质区是东海现代沉积的"汇",其中黏土组分是泥质区沉积物的重要组成部分。沉积物中黏土矿物组合是反映沉积区物质来源和搬运动力状况的良好指标。本文利用XRD方法分析了东海内陆架泥质区两根沉积物岩心中黏土矿物组成和含量变化,结合放射性年代标定,揭示了近百年来黏土矿物组成的演变特征,探讨了黏土矿物的来源及其含量变化的制约因素。结果表明:东海内陆架泥质区沉积物以长江来源物质为主,受黄河及瓯江等河流物质的影响;近百年来内陆架泥质区黏土矿物组合发生显著阶段性变化,它们是东亚季风强弱波动和长江入海悬沙减少的共同作用的结果。 相似文献
13.
沉积矿物学在陆缘海环境分析中的应用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
沉积矿物学是进行环境分析的重要手段之一，对矿物在表生环境下的物理、化学行为的研究是正确理解和获取一些重要的替代性环境指标的基础，它可为认识近代地质过程、地表气候过程和海洋环境过程提供定性和定量依据。20世纪90年代以来，海洋矿物学注重于以沉积矿物为指示，研究气候、物质来源、扩散路径和运移方向以及沉积环境等相关内容，并与地球化学相结合，解释区域性环境变化，乃至全球性环境演变等问题，取得了重要进展。对我国这一领域的研究现状作一综述，提出了5项环境示踪的沉积矿物学指标，即：用矿物组合、重矿物含量、磁铁矿、角闪石、长石等矿物示踪物源和物流；用矿物组合、高岭石、伊利石、方解石等指示古气候；用重矿物含量、石英特征等反映水动力条件；用海绿石、自生黄铁矿、铁锰氧化物等揭示氧化－还原环境；用火山玻璃、玄武闪石、蒙脱石等示踪火山和热液活动。但应用沉积矿物学示踪环境，必须运用多种指标进行综合分析。 相似文献
14.
长江水下三角洲沉积物的重矿物分布及组合 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对2004年取自长江水下三角洲南部区域的145个表层样品进行了重矿物研究。结果表明,本区重矿物可划分为4个矿物组合区,即三角洲前缘南部矿物区(Ⅰ区)、三角洲前缘北部矿物区(Ⅱ区)、前三角洲主体矿物区(Ⅲ区)和前三角洲南部矿物区(Ⅳ区),它们代表了不同的沉积动力、沉积环境和风化作用条件;长江水下三角洲重矿物以普通角闪石-绿帘石为优势矿物组合,以低级变质来源的绢云母、白云母为特征矿物,局部富含普通辉石和氧化铁矿物;粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂中的重矿物组成比较稳定,基本可以代表长江物源。 相似文献
15.
16.
西南印度洋龙旂、断桥热液区沉积物中重矿物空间分布特征及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国大洋第34航次在西南印度洋龙旂与断桥热液区采集的洋底表层沉积物样品为研究对象,为洋中脊热液硫化物勘查重砂找矿工作提供一定的理论与工作基础,开展了沉积物自然重砂矿物的相关研究。绘制了研究区重砂矿物分布图,并根据研究区已探明热液矿体(喷口)的位置,对沉积物重分散晕的形成与分布规律进行了分析;从研究区沉积物的34种矿物中,筛选出3种沉积物重砂找矿的指示性矿物(重砂总量、黄铜矿、黄铁矿)及5种参考性矿物指标(帘石类矿物、透闪石、磁铁矿、铬铁矿、钛铁矿);运用统计学方法,建立了沉积物中指标矿物含量与矿源距离之间的线性方程,提出了根据测站沉积物中指标矿物含量,初步推算矿源距离的方法。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
麦哲伦海山区MD、ME、MF海山富钴结壳特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
麦哲化海山区MD、ME、MF海山具有三层构造的结壳特征，研究表明，结壳可分为上部较致密层、中部疏松层、下部致密层。致密层构造单一，含很少脉石矿物；疏松层构造杂乱，含有大量脉石矿物；较致密层介于两者之间，壳层矿物有锰相矿物（主要为水羟锰矿）、铁相矿物和次要矿物（粘土矿物、钙十字沸石、石英、方解石、磷灰石等）。不同壳层地球化学特征具有明显差异性，Ce异常表明在结壳从下层到上层的生长过程中，环境的氧化性逐渐减弱，结壳^10Be测年结果表明，疏松层的生长速率最大，其次为致密层，较致密层的生长速率最小。推测区的最老的结壳的生长年代为中新世晚期，在4Ma以前，区内水动力条件很弱，氧化性较强；4－3．1MaBP水动力条件较强，氧化性较弱；2．6MaBP以来，水动力条件为强－弱波动期，氧化性较弱。 相似文献
20.
Porter Hoagland Stace Beaulieu Maurice A. Tivey Roderick G. Eggert Christopher German Lyle Glowka Jian Lin 《Marine Policy》2010
The potential emergence of an ocean mining industry to exploit seafloor massive sulfides could present opportunities for oceanographic science to facilitate seafloor mineral development in ways that lessen environmental harms. 相似文献