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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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北冰洋深海广泛分布的富锰棕色沉积层(棕色层)是海冰、洋流、物源供给等多种因素共同作用的结果，本文基于西北冰洋门捷列夫海岭ARC07-E25岩芯沉积物稀土元素与微量元素含量、颜色反射率参数、粗颗粒组分和无机碳含量的变化特征，对该类沉积层中稀土元素的组成特征、形成机制和物质来源进行了综合分析。结果显示，沉积物稀土元素总含量(∑REE)在122.37×10?6～231.94×10?6之间变化，北美页岩标准化配分模式显示出轻微的中稀土(MREE)富集以及由La、Ce、Nd主导的较强的轻稀土(LREE)优势。沉积物中∑REE随着粗组分颗粒(如冰筏碎屑)的增多而呈现降低趋势，表明门捷列夫海脊沉积物中的稀土元素主要富集在细粒沉积物中。根据∑REE在沉积物中的变化特征将E25岩芯沉积物划分为4种地层，反映出了冰期/间冰期的气候转变过程中温暖条件下形成的棕色层与寒冷条件下形成的浅灰绿色沉积层(灰色层)的岩性旋回中稀土元素组成的差异，由于两种沉积层在形成时受到不同的底层水氧化还原环境的控制，导致了铈(Ce)元素在氧化水体中会由Ce3+氧化为Ce4+并发生沉降，而在还原水体中则由Ce4+还原为Ce3+发生溶解，这一特性使LREE含量产生较大波动，进而影响到∑REE，使之趋于在代表氧化条件的棕色层中升高而在代表还原条件的灰色层中降低。R型因子分析和物质来源判别结果显示，E25岩芯沉积物中稀土元素与亲碎屑元素(Nb、U、Th)有较好的相关性，主要来源于东西伯利亚海和新西伯利亚群岛的近岸侵蚀物质以及勒拿河物质的输入。 相似文献
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Rock magnetic properties of unconsolidated sediments from the Korea Deep Ocean Study area of the northeastern equatorial Pacific were analyzed to trace the time-dependent variations of sedimentary environments. For upper Pleistocene sediments, light-brown sediments predominate, whereas the lower sediments deposited in the late Pliocene are dark brown. Rock magnetic properties also clearly differ among the two distinct color environments. Values of anhysteretic remanent magnetization and low-field magnetic susceptibility are highly responsive to changes in the color of the sediment. For example, comparatively low values denote a dominance of coarse-grained magnetic minerals as observed in the lower dark-brown layers. With respect to the content of magnetic minerals, coarse magnetic grains are highly concentrated in the darker-colored sediment layers. However, both the magnetic mineral dependent parameter (S ratio) and results of the scanning electron microscope observation indicate that magnetic mineral changes did not occur along the core depth, which means that there was no apparent source change. Without distinctive source changes, the variations in the rock magnetic properties likely reflect a process by which the magnetic grains were primarily transported by enhanced wind and bottom currents and affected by diagenetic dissolution as a function of both the time from burial and the extremely low sedimentation rates after deposition. 相似文献
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对东太平洋海盆 ４３０ 柱沉积物的组分、古生物、结构构造以及古地磁、铀系等进行研究后, 将沉积物进行分类、命名与分层, 并确定其年代。研究表明, 本柱由下至上的沉积物分别为含沸石粘土、深海粘土、硅质粘土和钙质粘土。该柱中存在 ４ 个沉积间断, 其中在 ３２５ ｃｍ附近层位有一厚约 １０ ｃｍ 的多金属结核层,此界面为中中新世至晚上新世的沉积间断,它在 Ｃ Ｃ区内普遍存在, 持续时间长, 分布范围广。反映此时南极底层流十分强盛, 对东太平洋 Ｃ Ｃ 区的沉积作用和多金属结核形成与发育产生重要的影响。 相似文献
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Paleomagnetic properties of sediment cores were examined to reconstruct paleodepositional conditions in the Korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) area, located in the northeastern equatorial Pacific. The studied KODOS sediments have a stable remanent magnetization with both normal and reversed polarities, which are well correlated with the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Average sedimentation rates are 1.56 and 0.88 mm/kiloyear for the Pleistocene and late Pliocene, respectively. Clay mineralogy and scanning electron microscope analyses of the sediments indicate that terrestrial material was transported to the deep-sea floor during these times. The variations of sedimentation rates with age may be explained by the onset of the northern hemisphere glaciation and subsequent climatic deterioration during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. For the Pleistocene, an increasing sedimentation rate implies that input of terrestrial materials was high, and also a high input of biogenic materials was detected as a result of increased primary production in the surface water. The down-core variations in paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic properties of the KODOS sediments were affected by dissolution processes in an oxic depositional regime. As shown by magnetic intensity and hysteresis parameters, the high natural remanent magnetization (NRM) stability in the upper, yellowish brown layers indicates that the magnetic carrier was in pseudo-single domain states. In the lower, dark brown sediments, only coarse magnetic grains survived dissolution and the NRM was carried by more abundant, multi-domain grains of low magnetic stability. The down-core variation of magnetic properties suggests that the KODOS sediments were subjected to dissolution processes resulting in a loss of the more stable components of the magnetic fraction with increasing core depth. 相似文献
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G.F. Birch 《Marine Geology》1977,23(4):305-337
A combination of climatic and oceanic factors has resulted in slow sedimentation rates on the continental shelf off the west coast of South Africa since Tertiary times. This has enabled a study to be made of the residual Late Tertiary, relict Pleistocene and Holocene sediments.Sediments on the continental shelf form rough belts parallel to the coast. Most of the coarse sediment is confined to the littoral zone and Holocene mud is concentrated at the base of a rocky nearshore platform. A veneer of Quaternary quartzitic sand seawards of the Recent mud belt wedges out onto a Tertiary erosion surface on the mid shelf. Residual glauconite and phosphorite sands derived by erosion during Tertiary sea-level fluctuations cover large parts of the mid shelf in the south. Most of the slope and parts of the outer shelf in the north are draped by Recent foraminiferal and coccolithophorid debris. 相似文献
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Geochemical characteristics of sediments from the COMRA registered pioneer area (CRPA), equatorial northeastern Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ni Jianyu Zhou Huaiyang Pan Jianming Zhao Hongqiao Hu Chuanyu Wang Fangguo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2001,20(4):553-561
I\TRODUcrIO\Most substances that enter the oceans are ultimately kept as sediments. ffefore settingdOwn, they experienced vdrious complex biological and chebocal cycles and interactions, whichinvolve sorne substances more than others. The interactlons continue after deposition. Sedl-ments do not lie passive]y on the sea--floor until they are buried: deeP--sea animals disturb thesediments as they forage fOr fdri, and some sediments may experience erosion and resuspensionby bottom currents. … 相似文献
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K. S. Jeong J. K. Kang K. Y. Lee H. S. Jung S. B. Chi S. J. Ahn 《Geo-Marine Letters》1996,16(2):123-131
In the northwestern margin of the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones, manganese nodules are latitudinally variable in character, resulting from the progressive (re)generation of nodules since the Oligocene as the Pacific Plate migrates northwestward beneath the equatorial production zone. Complemented by the surface water productivity, bottom current activities have concentrated nodules in the Oligocene to Miocene siliceous clay. Resedimentation processes on nodules form three types of nodules with concentric structures and 10 Å-manganaterich bottoms, by periodically causing the diagenetic growth of nodules within the topmost sediment layer. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(10):2221-2247
Sedimentological and geochemical investigations of 45 box cores collected in various morphological settings of the Cap-Ferret Canyon (Bay of Biscay) are presented to document accurately present-day sedimentary processes on the eastern Atlantic continental slope. The magnitude and variations through time and space of the canyon's channelling or sinking effect on fine-grained particles behaviour in comparison with sediment flux across the continental margin was particularly considered and discussed:1. All the parameters (grain-size, carbonate and water content, major and trace elements), measured both in surface sediment and downcore, demonstrate that the characteristics at the sediment interface vary with water depth and with the morphological setting.2. Surface sediment is generally coarser-grained, more terrigenous and deposited at higher rate in the canyon than outside. The terrigenous particle supply must be preferentially directed and trapped within the canyon's depression due to present-day dynamic conditions.3. The downcore gradients reflected in grain-size variations yield information on settling processes. The coarse-grained population has the characteristics of a winnowed sediment similar to those on the outer shelf, while the fine-grained population has grain-size spectra very similar to the present-day fine-grained suspensions.4. The carbonate particles are partly derived from direct pelagic production (distinct grain-size distribution) and, like terrigenous grains, are partly reworked (similar downslope decrease in the coarse grained fraction). The relatively low CaCO3 content observed in the canyon, and its downward increase up to values observed at shallower depths, may result from a channelling of terrigenous suspensions within the canyon.5. At the present high sea-level stand, the canyon should become a trap for sediments without much gravity remobilisation, as indicated by a lack of sedimentary structures in box cores. However, a simple increase in sediment trapping can hardly account for the downcore gradients observed in the box cores. These trends, which are observed on other continental margins (Monaco et al., 1993, Journées spécialisées de la Soc. Géol. France: Géosciences Marines, 16–17 December 1994, Abstract p. 83.), indicate a probable increase in terrigenous supplies and/or in settling energy. 相似文献
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N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
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下扬子区面积177020km^2，包括江苏、浙江、安徽、江西和上海绝大部分地区，这一区域的构造属性为被动大陆边缘，通过对该区古生界中二叠统的几十条剖面的实测、分析和对比，得出该区古生界中二叠统地层中的黑色碳质页岩、硅质页岩、硅质岩、硅质条带和结核以及磷矿层和磷结核等沉积是古特提斯海中上升流作用形成的。上升流水体中富营养盐和SiO2在古生代低纬度的下扬子地块生物大量繁殖，引发缺氧事件，形成上述硅质和磷质沉积以及有机质丰富的烃源岩、石煤和磷矿层等，由于上升流水体富营养盐和SiO2，生物化石属种丰富，个体大，多营底栖或固着浅海底生活，硅质生物放射虫等丰富。区内烃源岩有机质与上升流的强度呈正相关关系，可见它们之间存在着成因联系。 相似文献
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南海西北部莺歌海盆地低速层的特征及其成因探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
对垂直于莺歌海盆地走向的两条广角反射地震剖面数据的模拟结果表明，莺歌海盆地在3.5-9km深度范围存在低速层，对多道反射地震数据及钻孔测井数据的进一步分析表明，该低速层的上界面埋深从盆地中心的1.5km往周变为5km，表现出明显的穿时性，包含的地层在盆地中心地带有部分第四系和第三系，往北西和南东只有部分第三系，没有第四系，低速层形成的原因在盆地不同部位有所差异；盆地的西北和东南部主要由沉积物快速堆积及其引起的欠压实造成而盆地中心地带则除沉积物快速堆积外，多期的活动热流体及其底辟作用可能是造成低速层上界面抬升的主要原因。 相似文献
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通过对东北太平洋胡安·德富卡隆起西翼沉积柱样中的碳酸盐含量和浮游有孔虫氧同位素测试以及浮游有孔虫丰度、溶解指数和粗组分的统计,发现在晚第四纪约65 ka以来碳酸盐含量变化幅度大(0 4%~77 2%),相差非常悬殊,但其变化未呈现出冰期时溶解作用减弱、间冰期时溶解作用强烈这样明显的旋回性。粗组分分析结果显示,地层中有明显的浊流沉积发育。另外,碳酸盐含量和浮游有孔虫丰度分析结果揭露了研究区的 CCD在3 500 m左右。研究认为,在约65 ka来水深浅于3 500 m的区域碳酸盐含量的无规律性变化应与浊流沉积影响有直接的关系,而水深深于3 500 m的区域碳酸盐含量主要受控于深海碳酸盐的溶解作用。 相似文献
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N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):251-258
Abstract As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0–10 cm) have a shear strength of 0–1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312–577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm3. Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
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A sediment trap was deployed 3 m from the bottom at a water depth of 62 m on the southern flank of Georges Bank (41°02·2′N, 67°33·5′W) from 30 September 1978 to 10 March 1979 to qualitatively determine the size of sediments resuspended from the bottom by winter storms and to determine if seasonal changes in the phytoplankton could be observed in the trapped sediment.Bulk X-ray analyses of the trapped sediment showed layers of distinctly different textures preserved in the collection vessel. The median grain size of sampled layers ranged from 2·7 to 6·5 φ (fine sand to silt), but all layers contained a pronounced mode in the 3 φ (fine sand) range. Nine layers containing relatively large amounts of sand were present. The sand content was 75% in the coarest layers and about 32% in the fine layers. The median grain size of bottom sediments at the deployment site was considerably coarser than the trap samples, although the dominant grain size was also 3 φ.Average bottom-current speeds during the deployment period were about 30 cm s?1 with a range of 10 to 50 cm s?1. Bottom stress, computed from the observed currents and waves, suggest that 11 storms caused sufficient stress to resuspend 3 φ-sized sediments, in good agreement with the nine layers of relatively coarse sediments collected in the trap. Surface waves had to be included in the calculation of bottom stress because the bottom currents alone were insufficient to cause the resuspension of 3 φ-sized sediment.The trapped sediments contain numerous diatoms and coccoliths that are typical of late fall and winter assemblages. No clear seasonal difference in the flora was noted among sampled layers, probably due to the large influx of resuspended material and a reduced primary flux during this period. An undescribed species of Thalassiosira (G. Fryxell, personal communication), and siliceous scales of unknown systematic position were observed at all levels. 相似文献
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大河河口的动力沉积过程一直是陆海相互作用研究的核心内容,其中水体泥沙的垂向交换是河口动力-沉积机制分析中的关键环节。基于2011年12月对长江河口及其邻近海湾采集的大范围、高密度的近底层悬沙、海床表层1~2cm(表层沉积物)和垂向向下约2~10cm的沉积物(次表层沉积物)同步3组303个样品,利用经验正交函数方法,对河口地区的悬沙和沉积物交换过程进行研究。结果表明:近底层水体悬沙的空间分布模式主要以粉砂粒级为主,空间分布差异性不大;表层及次表层沉积物的空间分布模式相似,但较近底层水体悬沙的分布复杂,存在明显的区域性特征,其中南汇边滩水域中部辐散区的沉积物表现为粗粉砂-细砂模式,其他区域由粉砂组分模式组成。近底层水体悬沙、表层和次表层沉积物的第一模态主要反映了粒径较细的泥沙运动,第二模态主要反映了粒径较粗的泥沙运动。在近底层水体悬沙与表层沉积物的垂向交换中,主要交换粒级为粉砂组分粒级。在表层沉积物与次表层沉积物的垂向交换中,南汇边滩中部辐散区的主要交换粒级为粗粉砂-细砂组分粒级,其他区域主要为粉砂组分粒级。 相似文献
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Arnold H. Bouma 《Geo-Marine Letters》1981,1(2):115-121
Tertiary and Quaternary sediments, overlying diapiric older Tertiary shales and Louann Salt on the continental slope in the
western Gulf of Mexico, show cyclicity based on seismic-reflection patterns. A set of indistinct parallel reflections or an
acoustically semi-transparent zone, normally onlapping onto diapir flanks, alternates with a set of distinct parallel reflections
that drape the sea bottom. The indistinct reflections represent deposits employed by bottom transport during a lowering of
sea level. Sea level rise and hight stand are characterized by hemipelagic sediments that form blanket-type deposits. Differential
sediment loading causes diapiric activity that may reach maximum upward velocities when sea level rises. 相似文献