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1.
Natural Conversational Interfaces to Geospatial Databases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Natural (spoken) language, combined with gestures and other human modalities, provides a promising alternative for interacting with computers, but such benefit has not been explored for interactions with geographical information systems. This paper presents a conceptual framework for enabling conversational human‐GIS interactions. Conversations with a GIS are modeled as human‐computer collaborative activities within a task domain. We adopt a mental state view of collaboration and discourse and propose a plan‐based computational model for conversational grounding and dialogue generation. At the implementation level, our approach is to introduce a dialogue agent, GeoDialogue, between a user and a geographical information server. GeoDialogue actively recognizes user's information needs, reasons about detailed cartographic and database procedures, and acts cooperatively to assist user's problem solving. GeoDialogue serves as a semantic ‘bridge’ between the human language and the formal language that a GIS understands. The behavior of such dialogue‐assisted human‐GIS interfaces is illustrated through a scenario simulating a session of emergency response during a hurricane event. 相似文献
2.
Miriam Baglioni Emiliano Giovannetti Maria Vittoria Masserotti Chiara Renso Laura Spinsanti 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(Z1):31-44
Querying geographical information systems has been recognized as a difficult task for non‐expert users. Furthermore, user queries are often characterized by semantic aspects not directly managed by traditional spatial databases or GIS. Examples of such semantic geospatial queries are the use of implicit spatial relations between objects, or the reference of domain concepts not explicitly represented in data. To handle such queries, we envisage a system that translates natural language queries into spatial SQL statements on a database, thus improving standard GIS with new semantic capabilities. Within this general objective, the contribution of this article is to introduce a methodology to handle semantic geospatial queries issued over a spatial database. This approach captures semantics from an ontology built upon the spatial database and enriched by domain concepts and properties specifically defined to represent the localization of objects. Some examples of the use of the methodology in the urban domain are presented. 相似文献
3.
Michael DeMers Anna Klimaszewski‐Patterson Rebecca Richman Sean Ahearn Brandon Plewe André Skupin 《Transactions in GIS》2013,17(3):335-352
The UCGIS GIS&T Body of Knowledge document provided an opportunity for the GIS educational community to link course content and curricular sequencing to a catalog of subject matter. Focusing on learning objectives, a selection of relevant citations, and basic background for each topic, it has been used to a limited degree for both course topic selection and curriculum development. However, the static format of the document, lack of an index, and dated nature of the material limit its utility for education. Based on the success of our research team in developing a virtual platform for a new, more interactive, and collaborative environment to catalogue and interactively add to the body knowledge (Ahearn et al. 2013), this article describes efforts to develop a multi‐user virtual user environment that will add social presence to the experience. It describes the successes and failures of using Second Life as the initial platform for this work, illustrates the available interactions and limitations, and depicts ongoing efforts to move beyond Second Life for this development. Finally it discusses a possible methodology to leverage the power of virtual crowd sourcing within competitive gaming environments such as Unity to allow for the creation of on‐demand virtual 3‐D visualizations of GIS&T concepts in a digital Exploratorium. 相似文献
4.
As one of the leading ‘world cities’, London is particularly reliant on sources of foreign direct investment (FDI). In the face of increasing global competition and a difficult economic climate, the capital must compete effectively to encourage and support such investors. Through a collaborative study with London's official FDI promotion agency, Think London, the need for a coherent framework for data, methodologies and tools to inform business location decision‐making became apparent. This article discusses the development of a rich environment to explore, compare and rank London's business neighbourhoods. This is achieved through the development and evaluation of a model for location‐based decision support. First, we discuss the development of a geo‐business classification for London which draws upon methods and practices common in geodemographic neighbourhood classification. A geo‐business classification is developed, encapsulating relevant location variables using Principal Components Analysis into a set of composite area profiles. Second, we discuss the implementation of an appropriate Multi‐Criteria Decision Making methodology, in this case Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), enabling the aggregation of the geo‐business classification and decision‐makers' preferences into discrete decision alternatives. Finally, we present the results of the integration of both data and model through the development and evaluation of a web‐based prototype. 相似文献
5.
The evidence from collaborative GIS problem solving indicates that although environmental problems are context dependent, meaningful solutions are framed around the core issues of multiple stakeholder interests, complexity, wicked problems, ill‐defined problem specification, and their spatial characteristics. Based on subsets of these issues, there exists a number of overlapping collaborative GIS designs and processes. The goal of this study is to reconcile the overlap by modeling a core collaborative GIS design and process. General systems theory is used to classify core technical components of the collaborative GIS design, and soft systems theory characterizes the human activity dynamics of the collaborative process. Further, object oriented principles are used to generate a flexible problem domain design, and the unified modeling language (UML) visually describes the structure and behavior of the collaborative process. The core formalism facilitates GIS process integration, standardization, reusability, ontology design, and rapid solution design in new problem contexts. The collaborative spatial Delphi (CSD) methodology is a proof of concept. This research contributes to the design and specification of a core collaborative GIS model, a reusable pattern, and their ontological impacts. 相似文献
6.
7.
Geospatial Information Integration for Authoritative and Crowd Sourced Road Vector Data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Heshan Du Suchith Anand Natasha Alechina Jeremy Morley Glen Hart Didier Leibovici Mike Jackson Mark Ware 《Transactions in GIS》2012,16(4):455-476
This article describes results from a research project undertaken to explore the technical issues associated with integrating unstructured crowd sourced data with authoritative national mapping data. The ultimate objective is to develop methodologies to ensure the feature enrichment of authoritative data, using crowd sourced data. Users increasingly find that they wish to use data from both kinds of geographic data sources. Different techniques and methodologies can be developed to solve this problem. In our previous research, a position map matching algorithm was developed for integrating authoritative and crowd sourced road vector data, and showed promising results ( Anand et al. 2010 ). However, especially when integrating different forms of data at the feature level, these techniques are often time consuming and are more computationally intensive than other techniques available. To tackle these problems, this project aims at developing a methodology for automated conflict resolution, linking and merging of geographical information from disparate authoritative and crowd‐sourced data sources. This article describes research undertaken by the authors on the design, implementation, and evaluation of algorithms and procedures for producing a coherent ontology from disparate geospatial data sources. To integrate road vector data from disparate sources, the method presented in this article first converts input data sets to ontologies, and then merges these ontologies into a new ontology. This new ontology is then checked and modified to ensure that it is consistent. The developed methodology can deal with topological and geometry inconsistency and provide more flexibility for geospatial information merging. 相似文献
8.
K. Krishnanunni 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1983,11(1):7-14
The paper describes the different aspects of Remote Sensing technology, its operational level and application to geosciences. An idea about the remote sensing geological applications for the Eighties is also given. Though remote sensing plays a significant role in national development and resources management, yet it can not eliminate the need for in situ sampling in the exploration methodology. Of course, it supplements the conventional techniques by enlarging the limits of extrapolation at acceptable confidence levels. Several case examples are cited in the paper where remote sensing methods are successfully utilised for geological applications, e.g. mineral exploration, mapping, structural analysis, environmental appreciation etc. 相似文献
9.
Boriana Deliiska 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(4):637-651
Geoinformatics is a comparatively new interdisciplinary science and as a part of space informatics uses methods and terminology of informatics and many natural sciences. An ontology of geoinformatics is discussed in the paper, especially concerning its structure, relationships with other ontologies, resources for development and utilization. The ontology of geoinformatics is a kind of domain ontology and has a layered structure consisting of syntactic and semantic layers. The corpus of this ontology is an existing multilingual dictionary of geographical information systems (GIS) enriched with terminology from other external sources. The building of the ontology is preceded by the development of a taxonomy and thesaurus of geoinformatics. The thesaurus database is converted into an OWL ontology by a Visual Basic application. The reusing of the ontology is proposed by its transformation in application ontologies for geoinformatics education. 相似文献
10.
Gustavo Adolfo García‐Chapeton Frank Olaf Ostermann Rolf A. de By Menno‐Jan Kraak 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(3):640-663
Collaboration across disciplines is recognized as one of the great challenges for research in visual analysis of geographic information (GeoVisual Analytics, GVA). Considering the increasing availability of geodata and the complexity of analytical problems, the need to advance the support for collaborative work is becoming more pressing and prominent. This article contributes to this objective by reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art of the support for collaborative work in GVA systems and by identifying research challenges and proposing strategies to address them. We conducted a systematic review, resulting in the identification of 13 collaborative systems, 6 distinct collaborative techniques, and 3 research challenges. We conclude that GVA is moving toward more effective support of multidisciplinary and cross‐domain collaborative analysis. However, to materialize this potential, research is needed to improve the support for hybrid collaborative scenarios, cross‐device collaboration, and support for time‐critical and long‐term analysis. 相似文献
11.
The Annotation Process in OpenStreetMap 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In this article we describe the analysis of 25,000 objects from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) databases of Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, and Austria. The objects are selected as exhibiting the characteristics of “heavily edited” objects. We consider “heavily edited” objects as having 15 or more versions over the object's lifetime. Our results indicate that there are some serious issues arising from the way contributors tag or annotate objects in OSM. Values assigned to the “name” and “highway” attributes are often subject to frequent and unexpected change. However, this “tag flip‐flopping” is not found to be strongly correlated with increasing numbers of contributors. We also show problems with usage of the OSM ontology/controlled vocabularly. The majority of errors occurring were caused by contributors choosing values from the ontology “by hand” and spelling these values incorrectly. These issues could have a potentially detrimental effect on the quality of OSM data while at the same time damaging the perception of OSM in the GIS community. The current state of tagging and annotation in OSM is not perfect. We feel that the problems identified are a combination of the flexibility of the tagging process in OSM and the lack of a strict mechanism for checking adherence to the OSM ontology for specific core attributes. More studies related to comparing the names of features in OSM to recognized ground‐truth datasets are required. 相似文献
12.
随着信息化的发展,建设GIS的门槛已经逐步降低,GIS技术也越来越普及,如何在现有业务系统的基础上建设GIS已经成为普遍面临的一个问题。总结了3种建设模式,并对它们的主要区别和优缺点进行了比较分析,最后结合一个项目实践阐述了附加包装模式的具体实现过程。 相似文献
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14.
Digital elevation models (DEMs) and their derived parameters play an important role in geosciences. When upscaling, the influence of the upscaling procedure on the accuracy of DEMs' derived parameters has not been systematically studied. In this study, slope is taken as an example to explore the effect of upscaling procedure on the accuracy of DEMs' derived parameters. The meaning of upscaling is converting the data from finer resolution to coarser resolution. The two upscaling procedures of EES (elevation to elevation first, then elevation to slope) and ESS (elevation to slope first, then slope to slope) combined with four aggregation rules of maximum, mean, median, and minimum were used to obtain the slope result at the desired resolution in plain, hill, and mountain areas. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the upscaling procedure significantly affected slope accuracy at the desired resolution. To obtain the slope result with higher accuracy during upscaling, it was recommended that the upscaling procedure of ESS combined with the mean or median aggregation rule was adopted whatever the terrain complexity. This study can be applied for the selection of upscaling procedure and aggregation rule in the upscaling of slope and it warns us to pay more attention to the upscaling procedure when obtaining the DEM‐derived parameters at multi‐resolutions. 相似文献
15.
Kamlesh P. Lulla Cynthia A. Evans Michael R. Helfert Vance D. Brand Guy S. Gardner John M. Lounge 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):71-80
The article describes methodology of space monitoring of the existing landscapes as it is practised in the CIS (former USSR). Different points of mew are presented concerning environmental monitoring as well as the aspects of its practical organization. The objectives of automation of the ecological data acquisition, storage and processing are also dealt with; necessity of geographic information systems creation is substantiated. Experience gained in the operation of geoinformation systems is considered with plans on geo‐information base development for the needs of geographical and ecological studies of the CIS landscapes. Practical experience with case studies on identifying and mapping the ecological disaster zones is described in the Aral Sea basin and the Kyzyl Kum desert. 相似文献
16.
Krzysztof Janowicz 《Transactions in GIS》2012,16(3):351-374
Big Data, Linked Data, Smart Dust, Digital Earth, and e‐Science are just some of the names for research trends that surfaced over the last years. While all of them address different visions and needs, they share a common theme: How do we manage massive amounts of heterogeneous data, derive knowledge out of them instead of drowning in information, and how do we make our findings reproducible and reusable by others? In a network of knowledge, topics span across scientific disciplines and the idea of domain ontologies as common agreements seems like an illusion. In this work, we argue that these trends require a radical paradigm shift in ontology engineering away from a small number of authoritative, global ontologies developed top‐down, to a high number of local ontologies that are driven by application needs and developed bottom‐up out of observation data. Similarly as the early Web was replaced by a social Web in which volunteers produce data instead of purely consuming it, the next generation of knowledge infrastructures has to enable users to become knowledge engineers themselves. Surprisingly, existing ontology engineering frameworks are not well suited for this new perspective. Hence, we propose an observation‐driven ontology engineering framework, show how its layers can be realized using specific methodologies, and relate the framework to existing work on geo‐ontologies. 相似文献
17.
Geospatial Ontology Development and Semantic Analytics 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
I Budak Arpinar Amit Sheth Cartic Ramakrishnan E Lynn Usery Molly Azami Mei-Po Kwan 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(4):551-575
Geospatial ontology development and semantic knowledge discovery addresses the need for modeling, analyzing and visualizing multimodal information, and is unique in offering integrated analytics that encompasses spatial, temporal and thematic dimensions of information and knowledge. The comprehensive ability to provide integrated analysis from multiple forms of information and use of explicit knowledge make this approach unique. This also involves specification of spatiotemporal thematic ontologies and populating such ontologies with high quality knowledge. Such ontologies form the basis for defining the meaning of important relations terms, such as near or surrounded by, and enable computation of spatiotemporal thematic proximity measures we define. SWETO (Semantic Web Technology Evaluation Ontology) and geospatial extension SWETO‐GS are examples of these ontologies. The Geospatial Semantics Analytics (GSA) framework incorporates: (1) the ability to automatically and semi‐automatically tract metadata from syntactically (including unstructured, semi‐structured and structured data) and semantically heterogeneous and multimodal data from diverse sources; and (2) analytical processing that exploits these ontologies and associated knowledge bases, with integral support for what we term spatiotemporal thematic proximity (STTP) reasoning and interactive visualization capabilities. This paper discusses the results of our geospatial ontology development efforts as well as some new semantic analytics methods on this ontology such as STTP. 相似文献
18.
A basic methodology for land cover classification using airborne multispectral scanner (MSS) imagery is outlined. This includes waveband selection and radiometric calibration; correction for scan angle and atmosphere; training and classification and accuracy assessment. Refinements to this basic methodology include per‐field sampling and the addition of low‐pass filtering, image texture, prior probabilities and two dates of imagery. For a study area in upland England, eight land covers were classified with a mean accuracy of 52.6 percent using the basic methodology. This was increased to 79.0 percent by using a suitability refined methodology. Per‐field sampling accounted for the largest proportion of this increase. 相似文献
19.
Shen Ying Renzhong Guo Lin Li Peter Van Oosterom Jantien Stoter 《Transactions in GIS》2015,19(5):758-779
This article presents a new method to illustrate the feasibility of 3D topology creation. We base the 3D construction process on testing real cases of implementation of 3D parcels construction in a 3D cadastral system. With the utilization and development of dense urban space, true 3D geometric volume primitives are needed to represent 3D parcels with the adjacency and incidence relationship. We present an effective straightforward approach to identifying and constructing the valid volumetric cadastral object from the given faces, and build the topological relationships among 3D cadastral objects on‐the‐fly, based on input consisting of loose boundary 3D faces made by surveyors. This is drastically different from most existing methods, which focus on the validation of single volumetric objects after the assumption of the object's creation. Existing methods do not support the needed types of geometry/topology (e.g. non 2‐manifold, singularities) and how to create and maintain valid 3D parcels is still a challenge in practice. We will show that the method does not change the faces themselves and faces in a given input are independently specified. Various volumetric objects, including non‐manifold 3D cadastral objects (legal spaces), can be constructed correctly by this method, as will be shown from the results. 相似文献
20.
Jason K Blackburn rew Curtis Frances Currin Mujica Farrell Jones Patricia Dorn Rosamond Coates 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(2):249-265
This article describes a web‐based data entry and GIS‐driven mapping system designed for an ethnographic and entomological survey of Chagas’ disease, an emerging zoonotic disease, and Triatoma dimidiata, a primary vector, in the Los Tuxtlas region of Veracruz, Mexico. To better understand this disease in the region, a collaborative, multi‐disciplinary study was initiated to conduct a spatial investigation of T. dimidiata and a community‐by‐community survey of local perceptions of the disease. In order to facilitate such a collaborative effort the CODES‐GIS was developed. This system allows for (near) real‐time mapping, analyses, disease reporting, and results sharing. CODES‐GIS provides a framework for a research team working in a remote area with limited technology, software, or GIS expertise to benefit from (near) real‐time spatial analyses performed at collaborating institutions. The system is bi‐directional, where field personnel can upload data to the system for field‐based map production. Likewise, laboratory personnel can upload diagnostics data for viewing by field personnel. In this way, the system provides a virtual link between the field and the laboratory to increase the speed at which results are returned to the local community. The CODES‐GIS is described along with a selection of study results. 相似文献