共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
吨位-平均品位-边界品位曲线是矿床评价的重要参考,也是理解成矿过程的一个窗口。本文借助吨位-平均品位-边界品位分形模型,选取我国三江地区典型金矿床的局部地段矿体——北衙万硐山磁铁矿-赤铁矿型矿体、镇沅冬瓜林浸染状低温硫化物型矿体、大龙潭氧化硫化物型矿体以及勐满热水塘强硅化泥化蚀变的热泉型矿体;热水塘主要为低品位矿石,而其它三个矿床品位相对较高;分别计算了四个金矿床的吨位-边界品位曲线,并分析其特征。文章提出矿化分散指数(MDI),将其定义为Ko=－ΔO/ΔGc,Km=－ΔM/ΔGc(ΔGc为两个边界品位之差,ΔO与ΔM分别为相对应的矿石量与金属量之差);Ko与Km值越小,表明空间中金属分布相对分散。文中分析的四个金矿床的曲线均是低边界品位区间的矿化分散指数较高(MDI1,即Ko1,Km1),高边界品位区间的矿化分散指数相对较低(MDI2,即Ko2,Km2);说明在不同类型金矿床中,高品位区间比低品位区间的金属空间分布更加分散。Ko1和Ko2由高到低依次为热水塘、大龙潭、万硐山和冬瓜林,Km1和Km2由高到低依次为热水塘、万硐山、大龙潭和冬瓜林。热水塘的矿化分散指数比其他三个矿床高,说明热泉型金矿成矿元素空间分布比较集中。 相似文献
2.
包气带土壤组成对三氯乙烯的吸附影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有机质和矿物质是包气带土壤中的主要吸附介质,其吸附特性直接影响有机污染物在环境中的迁移、转化等过程。分别采用分析纯石英砂和典型粘土矿物高岭石模拟土壤的原生矿物和粘土矿物,利用批实验的方法研究土壤中各组成部分对三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附行为。土壤有机质的吸附行为通过全土样和矿物质的对比得出。结果表明,粘土矿物是吸附氯代烃的主要矿物质,原生矿物对氯代烃的吸附量很小;土壤有机质含量和土壤吸附量之间有很好的正相关性;土壤有机碳含量与土壤粘土矿物含量的比值是影响吸附行为的另一重要因素,比值越小,Koc值越大,土壤对TCE的亲和力就越强。由于自然界中的土壤有机质大都与矿物质形成有机质-粘土矿物结合体,据此推测有机质-矿物质结合体会影响有机质的组成和形态,从而对其吸附行为有重要作用。 相似文献
3.
为了研究土壤中有机质-矿质复合体结合形式对有机污染物吸附的影响, 利用批实验的方法, 对比研究有机质-矿质复合体与无机矿物和腐殖酸简单的混合物对三氯乙烯的吸附.结果表明, 与腐殖酸相比, 高岭石和石英砂吸附三氯乙烯量很小.模拟有机质-矿质复合体吸附三氯乙烯是线性吸附, Koc值随腐殖酸含量的增加而减小, 并且比纯腐殖酸样品的Koc值小.有机质与矿质的相互作用影响了有机质的吸附性能.对有机质在复合体中的形态变化进行了分析, 提出了有机质-矿质复合体模型, 并对实验结果进行了合理的解释. 相似文献
4.
模拟土样有机碳和矿物质对TCE吸附贡献的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究均一介质条件下有机碳含量及矿物质对TCE吸附行为的影响,简化了土壤环境的复杂性和异质性,以固定矿物质(高岭土∶石英砂=3∶7)作为土壤基体,添加不同质量分数的腐殖质(foc=0.16%~2.29%)配制成模拟土样,进行矿物质和模拟土样对TCE的吸附批实验。实验结果显示,TCE的吸附等温线呈非线性。随有机碳含量增加,表现为线性吸附增强,矿物质对TCE的吸附贡献随有机碳含量增加而减小。foc>0.82%时,矿物质对吸附作用的贡献率<5%;foc>1%时,可以基本忽略矿物质对吸附的影响。此外,TCE初始浓度也会影响有机碳和矿物质的吸附能力。用Freundlich模型分别拟合TCE吸附等温线的低浓度段和高浓度段(以Ce=500μg/L为浓度高低的分界),Freundlich指数n值呈现由大到小的趋势;TCE初始浓度越高,有机碳的吸附贡献率相对上升,而矿物质的贡献率则下降。TCE初始浓度在50~500μg/L之间、foc由0.16%增大到1%时,矿物质的吸附贡献率范围由28%~16%缩小到3%~1%之间,此时TCE初始浓度对有机碳和矿物质的吸附贡献率基本没有影响。 相似文献
5.
赞皇前寒武纪变质杂岩区变质反应结构与变质作用P-T-t轨迹 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
赞皇变质杂岩位于华北克拉通中部造山带中南段、太行山东麓低山区。出露于该变质杂岩区中南部的含石榴石的斜长角闪片麻岩、泥质片麻岩,均保存了三期矿物组合:进变质、峰期变质和退变质矿物组合。这两大类变质岩石中,进变质阶段矿物组合(M1)以石榴石变斑晶核部的包裹体矿物组合为代表,变质高峰期矿物组合(M2)由石榴石变斑晶"边部"和基质矿物组成,退变质阶段矿物组合(M3)主要是环绕石榴石边部发育的"白眼圈"状后成合晶矿物组合。泥质片麻岩中的石榴石变斑晶均保存了明显的成分环带,且在边部很窄的范围内XMn有所增加、Mg/(Mg+Fe)有所降低,指示存在变质高峰期后的退变质过程。温度与压力计算结果表明,赞皇斜长角闪片麻岩所经历的进变质阶段(M1)温度约为640~710℃、 压力约为8.2~8.6kbar;高峰期(M2)变质温度超过810℃,压力大于12.1kbar;退变质阶段(M3)的温压范围为590~670℃和3.2~5.6kbar。此前的研究已说明泥质片麻岩的进变质阶段(M1)变质温度为660~690℃,压力为9.0~9.2kbar;高峰期(M2)变质温度超过780℃,压力大于12.5kbar。变质高峰属于中压相系的顶部至高压相系的底部。斜长角闪片麻岩、泥质片麻岩均记录了典型的顺时针P-T轨迹,并显示近等温减压(ITD)的退变质片段。对泥质片麻岩中多颗锆石的变质增生边的SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明,变质高峰期时代为1821±17Ma。变质作用历史说明赞皇变质岩区卷入了华北克拉通东部陆块和西部陆块之间的俯冲-碰撞、随后的快速隆升过程,为华北克拉通中部造山带早元古代末期(~1850Ma)存在的造山事件提供了新的证据 。 相似文献
6.
以铁氧化物对坡缕石粘土进行包覆改性,通过静态吸附实验研究了改性坡缕石吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特性,探讨了吸附的动力学特征、吸附平衡、热力学参数和吸附机理。结果显示,改性坡缕石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附随溶液初始pH值的升高显著减弱,在初始pH值为4.0时,吸附90 min可达平衡,吸附过程能较好地符合pseudo-second-order动力学方程,速率常数k2随温度的升高增大,表观活化能为18.90 kJ/mol;吸附平衡能较好地符合Langmuir方程,吸附过程吸热,ΔH为28.29 kJ/mol,ΔG为-25～-20 kJ/mol,是物理吸附和化学吸附并存的过程。 相似文献
7.
根据X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现: A Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6(A=K+、H3O+)系列铁钒的XRD数据十分相近,难以用XRD区别,需通过能谱(EDS)辅助分析,才能区分此类铁矾。另外,此类铁矾的003和107面网间距d随K+含量增大而增大,且呈一元三次方程的关系;而033和220面网间距d随K+含量增大而减小,呈一元二次方程的关系。对该现象从铁矾晶体结构方面进行解释:K+、H3O+离子位于较大空隙中,且沿着Z轴方向排列,当K+、H3O+离子之间相互替换时,会导致该铁矾晶体结构在Z轴方向有较明显的变化。 相似文献
8.
Cu2+和Cd2+在蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体上的吸附及其竞争 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤和水体中的腐殖酸常常与粘土矿物紧密结合成为特殊的复合体.这种粘土矿物-腐殖酸复合体对重金属的吸附作用既有别于粘土矿物,更有别于腐殖酸.以蒙脱石和胡敏酸分别作为粘土矿物和腐殖酸的代表,通过一系列实验研究了Cu2+、Cd2+在单一体系和共存体系条件下在蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体上的吸附作用,同时探讨了二者的竞争特点.实验结果表明,在单一体系条件下,蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体对Cu2+的吸附量始终明显大于Cd2+,且二者的吸附量均随其初始浓度的增大而呈线性增大;而在Cu2+和Cd2+共存体系条件下,Cu2+的吸附量始终略大于Cd2+的吸附量,即复合体对Cu2+的吸附有较好的选择性.在吸附过程中,复合体中的蒙脱石与Cd2+和Cu2+的阳离子交换作用处于主导地位.无论是在单一体系还是在共存体系中,Cd2+优先替换电价相同而半径略大的Ca2+,而Cu2+则优先替换半径相近、电价低的Na+.因此,Cd2+的存在使Cu2+在复合体上的吸附量明显地减小,而Cu2+的存在对Cd2+的吸附几乎没有影响.这些实验结果将有助于深入探讨重金属离子在土壤、水体等环境中的迁移-固定行为. 相似文献
9.
北秦岭太白山晚中生代正长花岗岩成因及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对北秦岭中段太白岩体北部正长花岗岩进行了系统研究.结果表明,岩石为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,SiO2=68.49%~72.84%,富Al2O3(14.13%~16.48%),相对富K2O,K2O/Na2O=0.45~1.57(多数样品大于1),A/CNK=0.97~1.05,属于准铝质-铝质系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具弱负Eu 异常(δEu=0.58~0.89),高Sr、低Yb/Y.正长花岗岩锶同位素初始比值ISr=0.7053~0.7112,εNd(t)=-18.6~-0.1(平均为-9.2),二阶段模式年龄t2DM值为0.83~2.11Ga,变化较大,显示其源区主要为古老的壳源物质.铅同位素比值206Pb/204Pb=17.492~17.524,207Pb/204Pb=15.470~15.485,208Pb/204Pb=37.750~38.097,与南秦岭基底相近.锆石U-Pb年龄为153.17±0.89Ma和151.0±1.4Ma,形成于晚中生代.太白正长花岗岩源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有年轻幔源组分的参与,形成于挤压向伸展转换的深部动力学背景. 相似文献
10.
大兴安岭北段岔路口斑岩钼矿床成矿年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑龙江省岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中,晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切。6件辉钼矿样品的铼-锇等时线年龄为（148±1）Ma。中侏罗世二长花岗岩属钾玄岩系列,w（SiO2）为69.48% ~ 74.98%,w（Al2O3）为12.35%~14.48%,w（K2O+Na2O）为7.67%~10.42%,K2O/Na2O比值介于1.07~2.81。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有较弱的铕负异常,HFSE和LILE分异明显,Rb、K等元素富集,Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素亏损,显示正εHf（t）值;晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩属钾玄岩系列,而细粒花岗岩属高钾钙碱性系列,w（SiO2）为73.87%~78.95%,w（Al2O3）为10.35%~13.47%,w（K2O+Na2O）为8.06%~10.02%,K2O/Na2O比值介于1.03~8.20。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具有明显的铕负异常,HFSE和LILE分异明显,Rb、K、Th等元素富集,P、Ti、Ba、Sr等元素亏损,显示正εHf（t）值。二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、石英斑岩及细粒花岗岩均为高硅、富碱的高分异I型花岗岩,岩浆源区组成类似,主要来自于新元古代期间亏损地幔增生的年轻下地壳物质。岔路口斑岩钼矿床是晚侏罗世大陆内部构造-岩浆活化的产物,形成于蒙古-鄂霍次克造山带后碰撞伸展环境,同时,可能受到古太平洋板块俯冲诱发的弧后伸展作用的叠加。 相似文献
11.
The origin of the genus Bos is a debated issue. From ∼ 0.5 Ma until historic times, the genus is well known in the Eurasian large mammal assemblages, where it is represented by Bos primigenius. This species has a highly derived cranial anatomy that shows important morphological differences from other Plio-Pleistocene Eurasian genera of the tribe Bovini such as Leptobos, Bison, Proamphibos-Hemibos, and Bubalus. The oldest clear evidence of Bos is the skull fragment ASB-198-1 from the middle Pleistocene (∼ 0.6-0.8 Ma) site of Asbole (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia). The first appearance of Bos in Europe is at the site of Venosa-Notarchirico, Italy (∼ 0.5-0.6 Ma). Although the origin of Bos has traditionally been connected with Leptobos and Bison, after a detailed anatomical and morphometric study we propose here a different origin, connecting the middle Pleistocene Eurasian forms of B. primigenius with the African Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene large size member of the tribe Bovini Pelorovis sensu stricto. The dispersal of the Bos lineage in Western Europe during middle Pleistocene times seems to coincide with the arrival of the Acheulean tool technology in this continent. 相似文献
12.
New records of Jefferson's ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) and elk-moose (Cervalces scotti) from Lang Farm provide the first precise temporal correlation of these taxa with the specific environments inhabited by them near the time of their extinction. Six AMS 14C measurements establish an age of 11,405 ± 50 14C yr B.P. for Lang Farm Cervalces and an age of 11,430 ± 60 or 11,485 ± 40 14C yr B.P. for the Megalonyx. These measurements represent the youngest 14C dates for these two genera based on direct dating. Comparison of the dates with pollen data from northern Illinois indicates that these species inhabited a nonanalog environment that was transitional from mid-latitude tundra to mixed conifer and deciduous woodland. Although spruce (Picea sp.) was dominant, it was less abundant than prior to 12,500 14C yr B.P. The presence of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and fir (Abies sp.) indicates a wet climate and heavy winter precipitation. This may have been the preferred habitat for Cervalces because of its narrow geographic range. However, this habitat type was only one of many occupied by Megalonyx as indicated by its broad geographic distribution. 相似文献
13.
Stephen K. Donovan James Isted 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
Nineteenth-century references to clavate borings in woody substrates in the Lower Greensand of the Isle of Wight used a variety of names, but Teredo (a wood-boring bivalve, not a boring), Teredolithes (a junior synonym of Teredolites) and Gastrochaena (a bivalve borer of rock and shelly substrates, not a boring in wood) are all nomenclatorially incorrect. Borings in a beach clast derived from the Lower Greensand Group and recently collected from Sandown Bay, Isle of Wight, are referred to Teredolites isp. cf. T. longissimus Kelly and Bromley. This specimen confirms the presence of Teredolites in the Lower Greensand Group and demonstrates a common ichnological problem of beach clasts; borings, either fossil or modern, are incompletely preserved, making confident classification below the level of ichnogenus problematic. 相似文献
14.
原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术研究进展及其低温矿床学应用前景 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用传统单颗粒方法对目标矿物进行定年具有较高要求(如U、Th等母体同位素均匀分布),需要耗时的酸溶过程,同时还需进行α粒子射出效应校正。原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术是近年发展起来的一种定年技术,其主要原理是采用激光加热目标矿物,并通过与激光系统连接的稀有气体质谱(Alphachron)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分别完成 ~4He和U、Th等母体同位素分析,将 ~4He和U、Th分析结果代入年龄公式计算即可获得目标矿物的U-Th/He年龄。本文阐述了原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术的主要原理、实验测试流程、适用矿物等,重点对原位U-Th/He同位素定年的技术难点和低温矿床学应用前景进行了分析。相对于传统单颗粒方法,原位测试方法解决了两个关键问题:1无需进行α粒子射出效应的校正,提高了定年结果的可靠性和准确度;2能完成母体同位素分布不均匀样品的测试,扩展了U-Th/He同位素定年的应用范围。尽管原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术在侧向加热效应、剥蚀坑体积测定以及标准矿物等方面尚存在一些亟待解决的问题,但已在硅酸盐、磷酸盐、钛铁氧化物等矿物的年代学研究方面展示了良好的应用前景。随着原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术的发展和进步,尤其是硫化物的U-Th/He同位素定年的发展,将为解决低温矿床的年代学问题提供一种新的思路。 相似文献
15.
Given the difficulty of separating the three Picea species—P. glauca, P. mariana, and P. rubens (white, black, and red spruce)—in the pollen record, little is known about their unique histories in eastern North America following deglaciation. Here we report the first use of a classification tree analysis (CART) to distinguish pollen grains of these species. It was successfully applied to fossil pollen from eight sites in Maine and one in Massachusetts. We focused on the late glacial/early Holocene (14,000 to 8000 cal yr B.P.) and the late Holocene (1400 cal yr B.P. to present)—the two key periods since deglaciation when Picea has been abundant in the region. The result shows a shift from a Picea forest of P. glauca and P. mariana in the late glacial to a forest of P. rubens and P. mariana in the late Holocene. The small number of P. rubens grains identified from the late glacial/early Holocene samples (<5%) suggests that that species was either absent or rare at most of the sites. The occurrence and distribution of the three species do not reveal any geographic or temporal trend during late glacial time, but the data suggest that they were distributed in local patches on the landscape. The results of this study indicate that the recent population expansion of Picea (1000 to 500 cal yr B.P.) was likely the first time since deglaciation that P. rubens was abundant in the region. 相似文献
16.
The identification of fossil pollen at the generic rather than species level is hampering progress in understanding the biogeography and dynamics of paleo-vegetation. We used CART analysis to facilitate the differentiation of fossil pollen of Pinus banksiana and Pinusresinosa, which are morphologically similar and nearly always combined in paleoecological studies. The CART model, using four of the ten morphological traits measured, exhibited a high level of correct identification for pollen of each of the species and shows promise as a tool for increasing the detail of paleoecological records and inferences. 相似文献
17.
Michael E. Burns Philip J. CurrieRobin L. Sissons Victoria M. Arbour 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(2):174-186
Four juvenile specimens referable to Pinacosaurus grangeri (Ankylosauria: Dinosauria) are described from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) locality Bayan Mandahu in northern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (People’s Republic of China). All the specimens preserve the skulls as well as, in some cases, mandibles, postcrania, and osteoderm. They are not taphonomically deformed by expanding matrix distortion, unlike many Gobi specimens, including the holotype of P. grangeri. Bayan Mandahu is also the type locality for Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus. The proximity in space and time of these two closely related species warrants a generic and specific revision for Pinacosaurus. The distinction of the two species is based on characters of the squamosal dermal elaborations, cranial roof posterior to the orbits, premaxillary notch, and distal margin of the ilium. Although a relatively well-represented ankylosaur taxon, the phylogenetic position of Pinacosaurus has not been unequivocally resolved. A new analysis recovers Pinacosaurus as the most basal member of the Ankylosaurinae. 相似文献
18.
William T. Blows Kerri Honeysett 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
A new partial skeleton of the armoured ornithischian dinosaur Polacanthus found in the Wadhurst Clay Formation (Valanginian stage) of Bexhill, Sussex is the oldest recorded occurrence of this taxon. Previous discoveries suggested that at least two armoured ornithischians occur in the Wealden succession: Polacanthus, which was mostly restricted to the Barremian, and Hylaeosaurus, which was recorded as present only in the Valanginian. The new discovery extends the stratigraphic range of Polacanthus into the Valanginian. Although these two taxa appear to be closely similar anatomically, their osteology now suggests they are not synonymous. The new specimen includes the first known jugal as well as a comparatively rare polacanthid plate/spine (splate) which probably comes from the shoulder (pectoral) area of these animals. 相似文献
19.
本文在对普通培养条件下异养微生物粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis,A.faecalis)反硝化特征研究的基础上,运用电化学方法于一定电势下(-0.15 V、-0.06 V、+0.06 V vs.NHE)模拟半导体矿物导带光电子能量,探讨不同能量的光电子对A.faecalis反硝化特性及细胞生长代谢的影响。实验显示,在普通培养条件下,A.faecalis在有氧和无氧环境中均不能还原NO-3,但还原NO-2效果明显。在模拟光电子实验体系中,A.faecalis可在不同电势(-0.15 V、-0.06 V、+0.06 V)的阴极石墨电极表面附着并形成具有反硝化活性的菌膜;其中,外加电势为-0.15V的实验组菌膜量最多,其NO-3去除率也最高,10天达到52%;-0.06 V体系略低,NO-3去除率为30.5%,+0.06 V体系菌膜量最少,其NO-3去除效果也最差,仅为10.6%。而在不添加微生物的电化学体系中,3个外加电势下的NO-3浓度均未发生明显变化。本实验研究结果证明了一定能量的半导体矿物光电子可影响土壤异养微生物A.faecalis的生长代谢及反硝化行为。 相似文献
20.
现场X射线荧光分析技术 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
本文从携带式X射线荧光仪器、现场分析技术和技术应用三方面论述了现场X射线荧光分析技术的进展.从X射线激发源、X射线探测器和电子线路单元等角度,将携带式X射线荧光仪划分为四代,即以放射性同位源为激发源、以NaI(Tl)闪烁计数器为X射线探测器为技术特征的第一代仪器;以放射性同位素源和正比计数器为技术特征的第二代仪器;以放射性同位素、电制冷半导体探测器和以嵌入式微处理器为控制核心的多道脉冲幅度分析器为技术特征的第三代仪器;以低功率微型X射线发生器为激发源、电制冷半导体探测器和全数字化X射线能谱采集器为技术特征的第四代仪器.在现场分析技术方法方面,论述了X射线仪器谱解析技术、基体效应校正技术和现场原位分析中不平度效应、湿度效应、荧光颗粒不均匀效应校正技术进展.介绍了现场X射线荧光分析技术在地质矿产普查、环境污染调查、文物现场鉴定和合金分析等领域的应用进展.指出了目前国产携带式X射线荧光仪处于第三代和第四代仪器水平之间,低功率微型X射线发生器和电制冷半导体探测器还依赖于进口,全数字X射线能谱采集器还有待商品化;现场多元素分析的准确度和方法检出限都有待进一步改善;便携式仪器的应用领域有待拓宽. 相似文献