共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(5)
金川铜镍硫化矿尾矿砂富含Cu、Ni和Co等金属,为对其进行回收,对新尾矿库不同深度的尾矿砂分别进行了直接硫酸酸溶浸出与A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出实验,利用ICP-AES分析了不同阶段浸出液中Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+含量。实验结果表明,A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出工艺对尾矿砂中有价金属Cu、Ni和Co的浸出效果优于单独酸溶浸出工艺。其中,A.f.-硫酸酸溶联合浸出法对1m深度的尾矿砂中Cu、Ni、Co的浸出率最高,分别达到95.78%、98.01%和75.13%,而单独硫酸酸溶作用的离子浸出率分别为75.69%、74.33%和42.33%。 相似文献
2.
金属矿山生产产生大量的尾矿,不但危害周围生态环境,而且对资源造成极大浪费。金川镍矿尾矿砂Ni、Cu和Co的平均含量分别达到0.21%、0.19%和0.01%,是够得上二次开发利用的宝贵资源。文中对金川镍矿尾矿砂矿物组成特征及酸溶特性进行了详细的研究,目的是为工业化高效回收尾矿砂中Ni、Cu和Co等有价金属提供科学依据与技术支撑。矿物学研究表明,金川镍矿尾矿砂主要由蛇纹石、绿泥石、橄榄石、辉石、透闪石、磁铁矿、白云石及少量磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿等组成。经多年露天堆存,金川镍矿老尾矿库尾矿砂已发生不同程度的氧化作用。尾矿库3 m以上为强烈氧化带,金属硫化物矿物颗粒边缘、裂缝处基本都有强烈的氧化作用发生。碳酸盐等易溶矿物被大量消耗。硫酸溶解实验表明,金川镍矿老尾矿库尾矿砂中有价金属Cu、Ni和Co的平均浸出率分别可达88.6%、75.3% 和70.8%。尾矿砂中Cu、Ni和Co有价金属的浸出效果不但清楚直观地反映了尾矿库中尾矿砂的氧化程度,而且表明金属硫化物尾矿砂的风化作用,极大地促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属的酸溶浸出。 相似文献
3.
金川镍矿浮选尾矿数量巨大,含有相当可观的有价金属,其中有价金属的回收受到越来越多的关注。金川老尾矿库尾矿砂中Ni和Cu赋存状态复杂,水溶性矿物态、可交换离子态、碳酸盐态、结晶度较差的Fe氧化物态、结晶度较好的Fe氧化物态、硫化物态和残渣态中都含有数量不等的有价金属Ni和Cu;尾矿砂风化作用释放的金属阳离子大多数在发生氧化的硫化物位置原位发生水解沉淀形成次生矿物,有价金属Ni和Cu在尾矿库中没有发生明显的富集。金川镍矿尾矿砂中Ni和Cu适于用化学酸溶浸出的方法进行二次回收。 相似文献
4.
本文以金川铜镍硫化物精矿为研究对象,对比研究了A.f.菌浸出与硫酸酸溶浸出对铜镍硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu的提取效果。为了进一步优化硫化物精矿中有价金属Co、Ni和Cu浸出效果,考察了微生物-硫酸浸出与硫酸-微生物浸出对精矿中Co、Ni和Cu提取的影响。结果表明:Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+微生物-硫酸浸出率可分别达到85.05%、98.32%和95.31%。微生物-硫酸浸出加速了硫化物矿物的溶解,促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属Co、Ni、Cu的浸出,大大提高了有价金属Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+的浸出率。 相似文献
5.
6.
以MnSO4为原料,以空气为氧化剂在碱性条件下合成K型水钠锰矿,并进行离子交换实验。能谱结果显示:Ba2+、Pb2+、NH+4和Ag+能够全部置换层间的K;而Li+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+和Cd2+离子交换样品仍残留1%～3%的K。XRD和红外光谱结果显示,除Ag离子交换样品外,其它样品均保留了水钠锰矿的层状结构,但是离子交换过程中,矿物结晶度以及锰氧八面体的有序度均有一定程度的变化。差热-热重结果显示,离子交换样品在150～250℃和500～700℃有显著的物相变化和结构调整。层间离子半径和性质决定了高温相变产物。在650℃煅烧后,K+、Ba2+、Na+、Pb2+和Ag+等大半径离子交换样品生成具有(2×2)型或(3×3)型孔道矿物;而小半径离子不足以支撑水钠锰矿的层状结构,高温时发生分解生成低价态锰氧化物,其中Mg2+、Ca2+、Cd2+和Zn2+离子交换样品分解生成黑锰矿,Cu2+、Ni2+、Li+和NH+4离子交换样品则分解生成方铁锰矿。 相似文献
7.
不同生长阶段氧化亚铁硫杆菌的Cu2+吸附研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过不同生长阶段的氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Cu2+的吸附实验研究,发现对数期和稳定期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌的Cu2+吸附容量存在一定差别,对数生长期比稳定期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸附量略高.同时,Cu2+的吸附量与溶液的pH值之间存在显著的负相关关系,说明在吸附过程中,Cu2+与氧化亚铁硫杆菌的表面存在的化学基团发生了质子交换反应.对数生长期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌和稳定期的氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸附过程均符合Freundlich吸附模型,表明氧化亚铁硫杆菌细胞的表面化学非均质性较强.不同生长阶段细菌的吸附性能差异可能与细胞表面的化学结构存在差异有关. 相似文献
8.
施氏矿物吸附Cu2+及氧化亚铁硫杆菌的实验研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在金属硫化物的表生氧化过程中,施氏矿物是最常见的一种次生矿物.施氏矿物具有粒度小、比表面积大、表面吸附能高的特点,能够吸附环境流体中的重金属离子和微生物细胞,从而影响重金属元素及微生物的表生地球化学行为.利用化学合成的施氏矿物,开展了施氏矿物吸附Cu2+及氧化亚铁硫杆菌的实验.结果显示:施氏矿物对金属Cu2+及氧化亚铁硫杆菌均有较强的吸附性;施氏矿物对Cu2+的吸附基本符合Langmuir吸附模型,而对氧化亚铁硫的吸附行为不符合Langmuir模型,可用Freundlich模型描述;施氏矿物的存在对流体中微生物的活动性及其地球化学行为有重要影响,可能会降低氧化菌分解金属硫化物的效率. 相似文献
9.
氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用下形成的黄钾铁矾的SEM研究 总被引：29，自引：3，他引：26
黄钾铁矾是金属硫化物在酸性条件下氧化形成的主要次生矿物。很多研究表明,金属硫化物矿区广泛发育的氧化亚铁硫杆菌会影响金属硫化物的氧化分解和次生矿物的形成。为讨论氧化亚铁硫杆菌在黄钾铁矾形成过程中的作用,设计了两组平行实验制备黄钾铁矾：一种采用化学方法合成黄钾铁矾,另一种在相同条件下接种氧化亚铁硫杆菌合成黄钾铁矾。利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)等技术对两种实验获得的黄钾铁矾进行定性分析和形貌观察。结果表明：在氧化亚铁硫杆菌充分繁殖的条件下,细菌的参与更利于黄钾铁矾的形成;Fe^2+的氧化速率可能是影响黄钾铁矾结晶的主要因素,氧化亚铁硫杆菌通过提高Fe^2+的供应速度促使黄钾铁矾快速结晶,细菌作用下形成的黄钾铁矾结晶程度好于纯化学方法制备的黄钾铁矾。 相似文献
10.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
黄铁矿作为一种典型金属硫化物尾矿,在自然环境中容易被Fe3+、O2以及氧化亚铁硫杆菌等氧化,从而产生高酸、高重金属含量的酸性矿山废水(AMD)。自发现这一现象以来,研究者对黄铁矿的氧化做了大量的研究工作,但是,对于黄铁矿氧化为直接氧化还是间接氧化等方面尚存在较大争议。此外,对于黄铁矿氧化过程中硫元素的具体转化途径和形态转变的研究报道鲜少。主要是因为黄铁矿中的硫处于较低价态,氧化过程变成SO2-4会产生多种含硫的中间化合物,这些中间产物极其不稳定,很难被检测。因此,黄铁矿氧化过程中硫元素的转化途径就成为了该领域的研究难点。本文采用电化学方法并结合摇瓶浸矿实验对黄铁矿氧化机理进行了研究。黄铁矿是一种半导体,其氧化过程是一种电化学行为。循环伏安法、阳极极化曲线等电化学研究方法可以为研究其氧化机理提供良好的方法与手段。摇瓶浸矿可以更为接近的模拟出黄铁矿在自然环境下的氧化,较为真实地反映其氧化过程。实验中研究了不同浓度梯度Fe3+,有无氧化亚铁硫杆菌条件下的氧化机理并进行了探讨。循环伏安曲线表明:在较低的氧化还原电位下(400 mV),黄铁矿电极表面有单质硫产生,电极表面被钝化,电流减少;当氧化还原电位升高至约600 mV时,单质硫被氧化生成SO2-4,这一点通过阳极极化曲线同样可以得到证实。Tafel极化曲线表明:当黄铁矿电极电解液体系中Fe3+浓度的升高或者引入氧化亚铁硫杆菌时,电流明显增大,说明Fe3+浓度升高或者氧化亚铁硫杆菌存在时都能加快黄铁矿氧化。摇瓶浸矿实验同样表明:微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌不会改变黄铁矿的氧化机理,但是可以显著提高黄铁矿的氧化速率。另外,浸矿体系检测出多中含硫中间产物(S、S22O-3、S3O2-6、S4O2-6),依据这些中间产物推测黄铁矿的氧化途径为硫代硫酸盐途径。扫描电镜观察发现:相对于只有Fe3+摇瓶浸矿体系,有微生物存在时,矿渣表面不仅出现了因Fe3+氧化黄铁矿而出现的裂痕,更明显的特征是矿渣表面呈现大量形状类似于氧化亚铁硫杆菌的腐蚀斑痕,表明氧化亚铁硫杆菌存在时,直接氧化与间接氧化同时存在。 相似文献
11.
Titanomagnetite–melt partitioning of Mg, Mn, Al, Ti, Sc, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta was investigated experimentally as a function of oxygen fugacity (fO2) and temperature (T) in an andesitic–dacitic bulk-chemical compositional range. In these bulk systems, at constant T, there are strong increases in the titanomagnetite–melt partitioning of the divalent cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) and Cu2+/Cu+ with increasing fO2 between 0.2 and 3.7 log units above the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer. This is attributed to a coupling between magnetite crystallisation and melt composition. Although melt structure has been invoked to explain the patterns of mineral–melt partitioning of divalent cations, a more rigorous justification of magnetite–melt partitioning can be derived from thermodynamic principles, which accounts for much of the supposed influence ascribed to melt structure. The presence of magnetite-rich spinel in equilibrium with melt over a range of fO2 implies a reciprocal relationship between a(Fe2+O) and a(Fe3+O1.5) in the melt. We show that this relationship accounts for the observed dependence of titanomagnetite–melt partitioning of divalent cations with fO2 in magnetite-rich spinel. As a result of this, titanomagnetite–melt partitioning of divalent cations is indirectly sensitive to changes in fO2 in silicic, but less so in mafic bulk systems. 相似文献
12.
A. Petrovič M. Simonič 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(7):1761-1780
This paper investigates the potential of alginate-immobilised Chlorella sorokiniana for removing Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from drinking water solutions. The effects of initial metal concentrations, contact times and temperatures on the biosorptions and removal efficiencies of the tested metals were investigated at initial pH values of 5, and pH effects were studied within the range of 3–7. When studying the effects of initial metal concentrations, the highest experimental removal yields achieved for Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions were 97.10, 50.94 and 64.61 %, respectively. The maximum biosorption capacities obtained by the Langmuir isotherm model for the biosorptions of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions by alginate-immobilised C. sorokiniana were found to be 179.90, 86.49 and 164.50 mg/g biosorbent, respectively. The experimental data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. At an initial metal concentration of 25 mg/L, immobilised algae could be used in at least 5 successive biosorption–desorption cycles. SEM and EDS analyses revealed that the metals bonded to the biosorbent. Bi- and multi-metal systems of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ were investigated at initial metal concentrations of 30, 50 and 100 mg/L. The removal of Cd2+ as well as Ni2+ in such systems was negatively affected by the presence of Cu2+. The removal efficiency for Cu2+ in multi-metal systems decreased by 5–7 %, whilst in the cases of Cd2+ and Ni2+ the efficiencies decreased by up to 30 %. Nevertheless, the results obtained show that alginate-immobilised C. sorokiniana can efficiently remove the metals tested from polluted drinking water sources. 相似文献
13.
Two strains of green microalgae C.reinhardti and C.pyrenoidosa were examined for their biosorption of Mn2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,and Cd2+from aqueous multi-metal solutions.A wide range of biosorption capacities can be observed due to different strains of microalgae and different species of trace metals.This characteristic was ascribed to the distinct components and structures of algal cell walls and the different physicochemical properties of trace metals,such as atomic weight and ion density.C.pyrenoidosa showed higher uptake capacities than C.reinhardti and both of them had a preference for the uptake of cadmium over others in the trace metal solution,suggesting they can be a good biomaterial for biosorption of cadmium.Live microalgal cells displayed a more complex sorption process than dead microalgal cells because of cell assimilation. 相似文献
14.
Tourmaline solid solutions containing Fe, Fe+ Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn chromophoric centers have been grown hydrothermally at 650° C and 1,5 kbar on natural seeding plates close to the elbaite composition. The newly grown tourmalines were characterized by chemical analyses and optical absorption spectroscopy in the range 26316-5000 cm-1 at 297 K and in the range 26316-9090 cm-1 at 77 K. Most characteristic of Fe2+, Fe3+-bearing specimens is the presence of intensive σpolarized absorption bands caused by exchange-coupled Fe2+-Fe3+ pairs in Y- and Z-sites of the tourmaline structure. An additional intensive absorption band 12500 cm-1 (σ-polarisation) appears in some specimens but is not yet found in spectra of natural tourmalines. The colour and spectroscopic properties of the Fe3+, Mn3+ and Cu2+ containing tourmalines are significantly affected by the presence of even the smallest Li-contents. The results suggest that Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+-ions occupy, predominantly, Y-sites of the tourmaline structure, whereas the Cr3+-ions seem to enter the smaller Z-octachedra. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(8):1097-1119
The Rabbit Lake U mine in-pit tailings management facility (TMF) is located in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The tailings body is approximately 425 m long×300 m wide and 91 m thick at its centre. An investigation of the TMF was performed to collect tailings samples from depth to quantify the distribution of As and Ni in the tailings with respect to ore type and assess the distribution of As and Ni with respect to tailings mineralogy. The tailings body consists of alternating layers of ice, frozen tailings and unfrozen tailings which varied in texture from a slurry to a firm silty sand. The tailings solids are predominately composed of quartz (16–36%), calcium sulphate (0.3–54%) and illite (3 and 14%). Arsenic and Ni concentrations in the tailings show similar patterns with depth which were strongly related to historical changes in As and Ni concentrations in the mill feed. Mineralogy of the ore bodies indicated that As and Ni in the mill feed occurred primarily as 1:1 molar ratio arsenides such as niccolite and gersdorffite. Arsenic and Ni concentrations in the tailings were also measured at a near 1:1 molar ratio. Mill process records showed that an average of 71% of the As in the mill feed was solubilized during leaching. SEM analysis suggested that solubilized As is precipitated as Ca2+, Fe3+ and Ni2+ arsenates during the neutralization process. Mill records indicated that 17,000 tonnes of As were discharged to the TMF of which approximately 88% was as arsenates and 12% as primary arsenides. 相似文献
16.
The instability of transition metal dolomites [CaR2+(CO3)2 where R2+ is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn] and the limited substitution of transition metal cations for Mg in the dolomite structure can be accounted for by the effect of octahedral distortion. For example, trigonal elongation of the Fe octahedron, due to the Jahn-Teller effect, observed in siderite and ankerite, results in elongation of the Ca octahedron which is sensitive to distortion because the radius of Ca2+ is close to the upper limit for octahedral coordination. Co, Ni, Cu, Zn octahedra are also thought to be deformed, relative to Mg octahedra, in carbonates.The free energy of formation (ΔGof) of R2+CO3 becomes more positive with increasing octahedral distortion. Estimated ΔGof(dolomite) as well as stabilities and solubility limits of R2+ in natural and synthetic dolomites suggest a series in order of decreasing stability: Mg >Mn >Zn >Fe >Co >Ni >Cu.ΔGof(est.) for the terminal Fe-dolomite solid solution [72 mol% CaFe(CO3)2] in the system CaCO3-MgCO3-FeCO3 may represent an empirical threshold value for dolomite stability which lies between ΔGof for Mn- and Zn-dolomites. While Zn-dolomite is probably not a stable phase, very extensive solid solution toward CaZn(CO3)2 is to be expected in the system CaCO3-MgCO3-ZnCO3. The tendency for transition metal dolomites to contain excess CaCO3 can also be accounted for in terms of octahedral distortion and AGof. 相似文献
17.
{M[UO2¦AsO4]2 · nH2O} with M=Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+ has been synthesized from reagent grade chemicals and by ion exchange of trögerite {HUO2AsO4 · 4 H2O}. Synthetic meta-zeunerite (M=Cu2+), meta-kirchheimerite (M=Co2+) and nickel-uranylarsenate are all tetragonal. The cell parameters determined from Guinier-Hägg diffraction data for {Cu[UO2¦AsO4]2 · 8 H2O} are a=b=7.10 Å and c=17.42 Å, with Z=2 and the measured density 3.70 g cm?3. The cell parameters for {Co[UO2¦AsO4]2 · 7 H2O} and {Ni[UO2¦AsO4]2 · 7 H2O} are a=b=20.25 Å and c=17.20 Å, with Z=16 and the measured density 3.82 and 3.74 g cm?3, respectively. The solubility products for synthetic Cu-, Co- and Ni-uranylarsenate at 25° C are 10?49.20, 10?45.34 and 10?45.10, respectively. The zeta-potential remains negative between pH=2 and pH=9 and is strongly affected by the presence of different cations. 相似文献