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1.
Based on the mineral and chemical compositions of spoils taken from the Shilu Cu-Mo deposit and Hetai gold deposit ,the leaching and batch experiments were made on spoils taken from these two deposits using the leaching column designed by the authors.The experimental results showed that it is not always true that the imine drainage is acidic.Its acidity depends on acid-buffering capacity of gangue,host rock and its alteration mineral assemblage.The composi-tion of the drainage water is related with the interaction between superficial or underground water and solid materials in the spoils,including minerals,hydroxides and amorphous substances.The leaching extent of the element is related with its occurrence form in the deposit.The prefer-ential flow results in leaching-out of heavy metals in large amounts.So it is important to prevent the generating of preferential flow in the system.The results will provide very important grounds for the comprehensive management of land and ecological rehabilitation of the mine site. 相似文献
2.
矿山尾砂表生地球化学过程实验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在对石菉铜锡矿和河台金矿层砂矿物物相及化学组成研究基础上，利用自行设计的大口径淋滤柱开展了淋滤实验和静置浸泡(溶解)实验。研究结果表明，矿山层矿排放水不一定是酸性，它取决于矿床脉石矿物、赋矿的岩石及其次生蚀变矿物的酸缓冲能力。矿山排放水的组成是地表或地下水与矿山层砂中矿物和氢氧化物及非品态物质相互作用的结果，元素的赋存状态对其被淋滤的程度有很大影响。优先流能使重金属大量带出，因此要尽量防止优先流的形成。研究结果可为矿山综合整治和修复提供重要依据。 相似文献
3.
Sophie Denimal Nicolas Tribovillard Florent Barbecot Laurent Dever 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(8):966-981
In northern France, the weathering and oxidation of pyrite-containing coal mine spoils can lead to sulphate enrichment of the underlying chalk aquifer. Two sites have been studied: in a free water-table zone and in a confined-aquifer zone. Solid-fraction analyses have shown a release of carbon and sulphur from the waste dump surfaces. The groundwater isotopic analysis (notably 34S) showed the existence of two sulphate sources (mine spoils and gypsum contained in Cenozoic formations). This study also saw evidence of bacterial sulphate reduction in the confined zone as a result of the release of carbon from mine spoils. The effects of acid mine drainage were the presence of secondary minerals as small jarosite dots (cm) present at depth, gypsum or ferrihydrite present on the bottom of temporary ponds, and an increase in sulphate content of groundwaters sampled downstream of the waste dumps. This acid mine drainage is buffered during its infiltration into the chalk aquifer. This is evidenced by the increase in magnesium, calcium, bicarbonate or strontium, resulting of carbonate digestion downstream of the sites. No significant leaching of metals, even those associated with the sulphide fraction, was seen at the two studied sites. 相似文献
4.
铜矿采矿废石重金属环境污染的淋溶实验研究——以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田药园山铜矿床为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于凤凰山铜矿田药园山矿床采矿废石的淋溶实验研究,着重探索表生环境下影响重金属淋滤迁移的因素,分析重金属在采矿废石中迁移转化的机制。动态淋滤实验考查了重金属从两种采矿废石中淋出的浓度与淋溶液的pH值、淋滤时间以及淋出液酸度的关系。结果表明,采矿废石中重金属淋滤强度随酸度的增加而逐渐增强,而淋滤出的重金属浓度并不总是随时间的延长而递减,同时实验研究也表明,淋溶采矿废石的排放水不一定都是酸性的。因此,在评价矿山环境污染以及治理过程中要对当地雨水的平均pH值、所排放采矿废石的岩性以及废石的堆放时间进行综合考虑。 相似文献
5.
Pham Tich Xuan Nguyen Van Pho O. L. Gas’kova S. B. Bortnikova 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(11):931-938
This study provides an assessment of the environmental impact of open pit mining operations at the Cay Cham titanomagnetite-ilmenite deposit (northern Vietnam). The results of surface water sampling indicate the formation of acid mine drainage and contamination of adjacent areas by heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn). The acid mine drainage is produced by oxidation leaching of sulfide minerals associated with primary mineralization owing to the low neutralization potential of the natural waters in the humid environment of tropical rainforest. The study showed that alternating dry and wet seasons typical of this climatic region promote the generation of stored acidity leading to a sharp decrease in pH of drainage water during the wet season and result in the negative impacts of this mine on both flowing and stagnant surface waters. 相似文献
6.
武夷山Cu- Pb- Zn多金属成矿带主要成矿地质特征及潜力分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
武夷山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属成矿带是华夏地块内的重要成矿区域,长期处于全球超大陆聚散与南北大陆离散拼合的交接转换地带,拥有复杂多样的成矿环境和有利的成矿条件,需要重点部署找矿勘查工作。文章从研究区构造演化历史出发,分析了该成矿带区域成矿地质背景,并在此基础上建立了成矿谱系。作者根据全国矿产资源潜力评价成果,经汇总和综合分析,同时结合新的找矿理论和找矿进展,对本成矿带下一步矿产勘查工作提出了部署建议,建议主攻矿种为:稀土、萤石、铜、钼、铅、锌、锡、金、银等,主攻类型为:风化淋积型稀土矿、斑岩型铜钼金矿、沉积改造型铅锌银多金属矿、岩浆热液型萤石矿以及与酸性岩浆有关的热液型钨锡铋钼铌钽矿等,并在成矿带内圈定了19个找矿远景区,其中8个为重点远景区,11个为一般远景区。 相似文献
7.
Coal mine restoration projects increase public perception of mining companies. Spain has relatively few examples of completed
opencast mine rehabilitation projects. This study seeks to obtain the use of mine spoils from coal mines in Teruel. The studied
mine spoils may be used as raw material for the Spanish ceramic industry, located in the provinces of Castellon, Valencia
and Teruel. This study specifically discusses the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous materials
from coal deposits in Estercuel basin, around Teruel and Castellon in Spain. These provinces have a large ceramic industry.
A characterization of mine spoils from coal deposits has been carried out. This characterization is based on the data of both
mineral and chemical analysis. The mineralogical characterization was complemented with SEM/EDAX. The study of the chemical
composition allows the evaluation of the applicability of the studied mine spoils to the following industries: refractory,
fine clay, red clay for pavement and coating, and heavy clay. The clay used for refractory industry has the highest compositional
demand. The positive results obtained on this set of preliminary tests lead us to envisage new research programs, focusing
on testing these mine spoils on a semi-industrial scale. 相似文献
8.
Patricia Acero Carlos Ayora Jesús Carrera Maarten W. Saaltink Sebastiá Olivella 《Applied Geochemistry》2009
Weathering processes affecting pyritic wastes may generate huge amounts of acid waters with high concentrations of potentially toxic contaminants (acid mine drainage). Acid mine drainage is mainly produced in the vadose zone. In the present study, a coupled non-isothermal multiphase flow and reactive transport model of the vadose zone of sulfide mine tailings was developed. The geochemical model included kinetically controlled reactions for Fe(II)-oxidation and for the dissolution of sulfide and aluminosilicate phases and the Pitzer ion-interaction model to describe the behavior of the pore-water solutions. Model results were compared with experimental observations in unsaturated column experiments under strongly evaporative conditions similar to arid or semiarid climates. Evolution trends for temperature, water saturation, evaporation rates, pore-water hydrochemistry and mineral phases observed during the drying experiment were adequately reproduced. The coupled model reproduced the increase of solute concentrations in the column top and the precipitation of a crust of secondary mineral phases. This crust became a barrier for water vapour diffusion to the atmosphere and modified the thermohydraulic behavior of the tailings. Enhanced downward migration of water vapour and its condensation in this colder end of the column were correctly taken into account by the model, which reproduced the dilution observed in the lower part of the column during the experiments. 相似文献
9.
A methodology to characterizing processes of in situ leaching is developed to investigate various parameters that may affect the recovery of a valuable mineral and assure a successful application of the in situ leaching technology. The governing equations of in situ leaching processes for the one-dimensional case are solved both analytically and numerically for both the consumption rate of a lixiviant and the production rate of a target mineral. A numerical simulator, which is developed to evaluate coupled effects among leaching kinetics, solution flow and transport of the dissolved mineral species in saturated ore deposits, is validated against the steady-state solutions and applied to investigate the transient effects of various parameters on the mineral recovery. Results from the evaluation indicate that there exists an optimal flow velocity range of leach solution for the effective leaching of a particular ore deposit. The determination of this optimal leaching velocity may become a key to the design of a real in situ leach mine. Results of the parameter sensitivity study illustrate the relative importance of other parameters such as porosity, ore grade, and reaction rate. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
斑岩体的存在是斑岩型铜矿重要的特征，查明隐伏斑岩体对于斑岩铜矿找矿预测有着重要的意义。文章以多宝山矿集区的岩石标本物性特征为基础，对重力、磁法、广域电磁法资料进行了处理和分析，根据矿化蚀变中心一般位于斑岩体顶部和矿化蚀变具有电阻率显著降低的特征，从已知到未知，对多宝山铜矿、铜山铜矿和争光金矿的隐伏花岗闪长斑岩体进行了识别，进而推断出矿体位置。根据电性异常特征推测：多宝山铜矿可以扩大外围找矿部署，铜山铜矿矿体有往下延伸的趋势，隐伏斑岩体南侧可能存在大型矿体；争光金矿深部可能存在斑岩型铜矿。多宝山铜矿、铜山铜矿、争光金矿同属斑岩型铜矿系统，多宝山矿集区具“上金下铜”的成矿特征。钻孔揭示了铜山矿区隐伏斑岩体南侧矿体的存在，新增资源量达到大型矿床规模。证实了方法的有效性，同时也显示出矿集区矿产资源潜力巨大。 相似文献
11.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(7-8):803-819
Sulfide mineral oxidation, primarily pyrite and pyrrhotite, generates acid mine drainage during weathering. Successful management of acid generating wastes entails the suppression of the initiation of oxidation reactions. The reactivity of pyrite depends on ore mineralogy, including the effects of associated sulfide impurities. The electrochemical surface characterization study using cyclic voltammetry with carbon paste electrodes containing minerals particles (CPE-Mineral) is an effective tool for demonstrating how the various mineral characteristics work together to influence the overall reactivity of the mineral. This study was supported by chemical, mineralogical and leachate chemistry data. The results show that the presence of other sulfides in contact with pyrite at the beginning of the weathering process is the most important parameter affecting pyrite reactivity, which is likely to be oxidized and passivated. In more advanced stages of leaching, mineral coatings which passivate the pyrite surfaces tend to play the most important role in defining the reactivity of pyrite. The electrochemical response of pyritic samples in conjunction with the evolution of the chemical quality of the leach solution in the simple experimental device here used, could then provide valuable information on acid mine drainage generation. 相似文献
12.
左庄石膏矿区已发生过3次地面塌陷灾害,但井下调查发现采空区并未塌陷,作者根据矿区地质条件、矿体赋存状态、采矿方法及井巷工程布置等,分析认为致灾原因是矿山在建设初期将井巷工程布置得太靠近地表,在矿床回采时揭穿采空区顶板接触到第四系覆盖层,孔隙潜水携带泥砂流入矿坑发生潜蚀作用,在采空区顶板与第四系覆盖层之间形成“天窗式”砂漏,并逐渐在松散覆盖层中形成土洞,土洞塌陷后引发地面塌陷,形成“似岩溶塌陷”地质灾害,并由此提出了防治措施。 相似文献
13.
黏土矿物是碎屑岩储层中胶结物的重要组成部分,其类型、含量对储层的质量有较大的影响。以涠西南凹陷和文昌A凹陷的黏土矿物为研究对象,开展了薄片观察、阴极发光、压汞测试、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性分析等研究。结果表明: 甜点储层发育与黏土矿物的关系密切,低孔渗背景下发育2类相对优质储层的黏土矿物组合。涠西南凹陷流沙港组甜点储层多发育于中粗砂岩与含砾粗砂岩中,储层酸性流体活动强度大,溶蚀作用强烈,高岭石相对含量较高,孔隙类型以溶蚀孔、粒间孔为主。高岭石存在早期大气淡水淋滤型和后期有机酸溶蚀型2种成因。文昌A凹陷珠海组优质储层多位于扇三角洲砂体前缘,受阵发性水流与海水改造,绿泥石相对含量高,孔隙类型以残余粒间孔为主。绿泥石以颗粒包膜和孔隙衬里型为主,粒间充填的团簇状绿泥石为辅。黏土矿物的分析对寻找甜点储层和指导油气勘探具有重要的意义。 相似文献
14.
15.
黏土矿物是碎屑岩储层中胶结物的重要组成部分,其类型、含量对储层的质量有较大的影响。以涠西南凹陷和文昌A凹陷的黏土矿物为研究对象,开展了薄片观察、阴极发光、压汞测试、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性分析等研究。结果表明甜点储层发育与黏土矿物的关系密切,低孔渗背景下发育2类相对优质储层的黏土矿物组合。涠西南凹陷流沙港组甜点储层多发育于中粗砂岩与含砾粗砂岩中,储层酸性流体活动强度大,溶蚀作用强烈,高岭石相对含量较高,孔隙类型以溶蚀孔、粒间孔为主。高岭石存在早期大气淡水淋滤型和后期有机酸溶蚀型2种成因。文昌A凹陷珠海组优质储层多位于扇三角洲砂体前缘,受阵发性水流与海水改造,绿泥石相对含量高,孔隙类型以残余粒间孔为主。绿泥石以颗粒包膜和孔隙衬里型为主,粒间充填的团簇状绿泥石为辅。黏土矿物的分析对寻找甜点储层和指导油气勘探具有重要的意义。 相似文献
16.
Study of Ni sorption onto Tio mine waste rock surfaces 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. Plante M. Benzaazoua B. Bussire M.C. Biesinger A.R. Pratt 《Applied Geochemistry》2010,25(12):1830-1844
Sorption phenomena are known to play significant roles in metal mobility in mine drainage waters. The present study focuses on sorption phenomena controlling Ni concentrations in contaminated neutral drainage issued from the waste rock piles of the Tio mine, a hematite–ilmenite deposit near Havre-Saint-Pierre, Québec, Canada exploited by Rio Tinto Iron and Titanium. Batch sorption tests were conducted on waste rock samples of different composition and degree of alteration, as well as on the main mineral phases purified from the waste rocks. Sorbed phases were submitted to sequential extractions, XPS and DRIFT studies for further interpretation of sorption phenomena. The results from the present study confirm that sorption phenomena play a significant role in the Tio mine waste rocks, and that the main sorbent phases are the residual ilmenite ore in waste rocks, as well as plagioclase, the main gangue mineral. Sequential extractions suggest that most sorption sites are associated with reducible fractions, and XPS results indicate that Ni is sorbed as the hydroxide Ni(OH)2. The results from the present study provide useful information on sorption phenomena involved in the Tio mine waste rocks and enable further interpretation of Ni geochemistry in contaminated neutral drainage. 相似文献
17.
Column leaching tests on black coal mine washery wastes were performed, to determine the chemistry of acid generation. Coal mine coarse rejects and tailings were subjected to wet and dry cycle dissolution and subsequently column leached. The rates of iron sulphide oxidation and carbonate mineral dissolution were determined based on the drainage chemistry. The kinetic data from column leach experiments are used to predict the time required to deplete the acid producing and acid consuming minerals in the mine wastes. The acid production in the mine rejects was found to depend upon iron chemistry, carbonate chemistry, diffusion of oxygen, and permeability. The chemistry of the drainage from two different coal mines is compared. 相似文献
18.
19.
Zeng Yishan Wang Fengzhen He Zongli Liu Guoping Wang Chengqiang Hao Jicheng 《《地质学报》英文版》1986,60(4):43-55
On the basis of the mechanism of formation of mineral inclusions, it may be assumed that a certain relation exists between the compositions of fluid inclusions in various minerals formed at the same stage of hydrothermal activity. In order to study the genetic relationships between different minerals in the Bayan Obo iron deposit, the compositions(K~+, Na~+, Ca~+, Mg~+, F~+, Cl~+, CO_2~(2-), ΣSO_4~(2-) and pH) of inclusions in fluorite(23), hematite(13), magnetite(3), sodium pyroxene(2) and dolomite(5) from the main mine and the eastern mine were determined by using the vacuum decrepitation and leaching methods, and cluster analyses of the data on the compostions were made. The Q-mode cluster analysis indicates that some iron oxide minerals in the deposit are related to dolomite of sedimentary origin, while others are related to fluorite and sodium pyroxene--products of hydrothermal activity. The R-mode cluster analysis shows that the components of the leaching solution may be divided into two groups: one includes CO_2~(2-), Mg~(2+) and H~+(pH), which are obviously associated with dolomite; the other comprises Na~+, K~+, Ca~+, F~+, Cl~+ and SO_4~(2-), which may possibly represent the composition of hydrothermal solutions.The reaction of the Na-F-Cl solution(pH 4.72) with hematite dolomite at 300℃ and 5 × 10~7 Pa and under alternately"static and dynamic" conditions produced large amounts of hematite and fluorite and small amounts of smectite and Na(Fe) silicates, and the hematite-fluorite assemblage accords with the actual geological conditions in the deposit. From a comparison between the compositions of"static" and"dynamic" solution samples, it may be known that the flow reaction facilitates the migration of Fe, F, Ca and other components as well as Na-metasomatism(Na and Si are fixed in a solid phase).The study of the compositions of mineral inclusions and simulation experiments on hydrothermal metasomatism have provided new evidence for the hypothesis of metamorphosed-sedimentary and hydrothermal-remoulding origin of the Bayan Obo deposit, and pointed out emphatically that hydrothermal metasomatism plays an important role in the formation of the mineral deposit, particularly in the main and the east mine. 相似文献
20.
西南三江锌铅银铜锑金成矿带成矿特征及资源潜力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西南三江成矿带是我国重要有色金属和贵金属多金属成矿带之一,锌铅银铜锑金等多金属矿产资源十分丰富。本文从西南三江成矿带范围、成矿地质条件、主攻矿种、矿床类型和矿产资源潜力等方面概述了西南三江成矿带的成矿特征及资源潜力。西南三江成矿带地处特提斯—喜马拉雅构造域的东部,是欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞结合带,大地构造复杂,地层发育齐全,岩浆活动频繁,成矿地质条件优越。西南三江成矿带划分了与富碱性斑岩有关的金铜钼铅锌矿床成矿系列、与碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩系有关铅锌矿床成矿系列和与碰撞造山韧性剪切带有关的金镍铬矿床成矿系列等二十个矿床成矿系列,主攻矿种为锌、铅、铜、银、金和锑,发育有斑岩型、沉积-改造型和MVT型等多种矿床类型。兰坪金顶超大型铅锌矿床和鹤庆北衙超大型金矿床是西南三江成矿带多期多类型叠加成矿的典型矿床,本文简要介绍了其矿床地质特征。根据全国矿产资源潜力评价项目最新成果,本文按预测深度汇总了西南三江成矿带锌、铅和铜等20种矿产的预测资源量,划分了青海多彩地区铜多金属、西藏夏日多—多霞松多铜钼、云南兰坪—云龙铅锌铜和云南鹤庆—祥云金多金属等24个成矿远景区,初步总结了其中13个重点远景区的主攻矿种、主攻矿床类型和资源潜力。 相似文献