共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(3):351-361
Chung Park (1938–2003) was a true pioneer of magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling research. During a short career at Stanford University that began in 1970 and ended in 1981, he wrote seminal papers on several topics. Using ground-based whistler data, he was the first to demonstrate experimentally that day-side upward ion flow from the mid-latitude ionosphere was sufficient to maintain the night-time ionosphere. He made the only measurements to date of longitudinally localized drainage of significant quantities of plasmaspheric plasma into the underlying ionosphere during a period of enhanced convection activity. He pioneered in demonstrating the presence at ionospheric heights of geophysically important electric fields that originate in the troposphere in thunderstorm centers. He cooperated in a unique study of the guidance of whistler-mode waves by field-aligned density irregularities (ducts) in the magnetosphere. Park provided unique observational data on nonlinear wave–particle interaction processes such as: (i) the development of sidebands during the injection of whistler-mode waves from Siple, Antarctica, and (ii) the mysterious whistler precursor phenomenon. Today, in spite of the several decades that have elapsed since his work, Park's early findings remain cornerstones of our understanding of magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling processes. Some of his later studies of non-linear magnetospheric wave–particle interaction phenomena have stirred lively debate, and today remain relevant to a number of topics in space plasma wave research. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(17):2132-2143
We study the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and convection electric field on the rate and destination of polar wind and other thermal (low-energy) ion outflows, and its resulting effects on magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling, using single-particle trajectory simulations in conjunction with ion velocity distribution measurements on Akebono and IMF and ionospheric convection data. We find that the ions preferentially feed the dusk sector of the plasma sheet when the IMF is duskward (By>0), and are more evenly distributed in the plasma sheet when the IMF is dawnward. The flow of oxygen ions originating from the noon or dusk sectors of the polar cap has a higher probability of reaching the magnetosphere and beyond compared with that from the dawn or midnight sectors, due to the increased centrifugal acceleration associated with the larger magnetic field curvature near noon and the increased convection electric field in the dusk sector. The flow is enhanced and confined to lower L-shells at times of strongly southward IMF, compared with that at times of northward IMF. The outflow rate to both the plasma sheet and the magnetotail correlates strongly with the ion temperature. As a result, the IMF and the convection electric fields affect both the overall magnitude and the detailed distribution of mass transfer from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere in magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling. 相似文献
3.
G. S. Lakhina 《Surveys in Geophysics》1994,15(6):703-754
Electromagnetic fields and currents connect various regions of the earth's near space environment extending upto the magnetopause. Realization of this fact has lead to the concept of Global Electric Circuit (GEC) to describe the electromagnetic environment of the earth's atmosphere. Solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere coupling forms a vital component of GEC. Magnetospheric substorms represent a global interaction between the solar wind, the magetosphere, and the ionosphere. This article gives an overview of the solar wind - magnetosphere- ionosphere coupling processes with emphasis on the nonlinear particle dynamics in the magnetotail. Those aspects of the substorm processes which involve the chaotic dynamics are highlighted. Various methods based on nonlinear particle dynamics, linear prediction filtering techniques, phase space reconstruction techniques, and dynamical anologue models of geomagnetic activity are reviewed. It is shown that the solar wind- magnetosphere - ionosphere system behaves as a strongly coupled nonlinear dynamical system which could be driven from regular to chaotic behavior with low dimensionality when the solar wind forcing is strong enough. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2002,64(2):145-157
The solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere are intrinsically coupled through magnetic field lines. The electrodynamic state of the high-latitude ionosphere is controlled by several geophysical processes, such as the location and rate of magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail, and the energisation and precipitation of solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas. Amongst the most observed ionospheric manifestation of solar wind/magnetospheric processes are the convection bursts associated with the so-called flux transfer events (FTEs), magnetic impulse events (MIEs), and travelling convection vortices (TCVs). Furthermore, the large-scale ionospheric convection configuration has also demonstrated a strong correspondence to variations in the interplanetary medium and substorm activity. This report briefly discusses the progress made over the past decade in studies of these transient convection phenomena and outlines some unsettled questions as well as future research directions. 相似文献
5.
Magnetospheric substorms represent the basic dynamic process in the coupled solar wind -- magnetosphere -- ionosphere system. Recent satellite missions have considerably advanced our means to monitor this vast environment. These observations are interpreted in the context of a hierarchy of models: Global MHD simulations and various techniques of nonlinear physics are used to characterize the large-scale features, whereas microphysical models are used to study the small-scale processes. Empirical models are described in order to address questions that involve meso-scale or multi-scale phenomena. We discuss some of the recent observations and relate those to new advancements in various modeling techniques. 相似文献
6.
7.
B.T. Tsurutani X.-Y. Zhou V.M. Vasyliunas G. Haerendel J.K. Arballo G.S. Lakhina 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(2):101-130
Dayside near-polar auroral brightenings occur when interplanetary shocks impinge upon the Earth's magnetosphere. The aurora first brightens near local noon and then propagates toward dawn and dusk along the auroral oval. The propagation speed of this wave of auroral light is 10 km s-1 in the ionosphere. This speed is comparable to the solar wind speed along the outer magnetosphere. The fundamental shock-magnetospheric interaction occurs at the magnetopause and its boundary layer. Several physical mechanisms transferring energy from the solar wind directly to the magnetosphere and from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere are reviewed. The same physical processes can occur at other solar system magnetospheres. We use the Haerendel (1994) formulation to estimate the acceleration of energetic electrons to 50 keV in the Jovian magnetosphere/ionosphere. Auroral brightenings by shocks could be used as technique to discover planets in other stellar systems. 相似文献
8.
L.R. Lyons S. Zou C.J. Heinselman M.J. Nicolls P.C. Anderson 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(6-7):717-728
The plasma sheet moves earthward (equatorward in the ionosphere) after enhancements in convection, and the electrodynamics of this response is strongly influenced by Region 2 magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling. We have used Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) observations associated with two relatively abrupt southward turnings of the IMF to provide an initial evaluation of aspects of this response. The observations show that strong westward sub-auroral polarization streams (SAPS) flow regions moved equatorward as the plasma sheet electron precipitation (the diffuse aurora) penetrated equatorward following the IMF southward turnings. Consistent with our identification of these flows as SAPS, concurrent DMSP particle precipitation measurements show the equatorial boundary of ion precipitation equatorward of the electron precipitation boundary and that westward flows lie within the low-conductivity region between the two boundaries where the plasma sheet ion pressure gradient is expected to drive downward R2 currents. Evidence for these downward currents is seen in the DMSP magnetometer observations. Preliminary examination indicates that the SAPS response seen in the examples presented here may be common. However, detailed analysis will be required for many more events to reliably determine if this is the case. If so, it would imply that SAPS are frequently an important aspect of the inner magnetospheric electric field distribution, and that they are critical for understanding the response of the magnetosphere–ionosphere system to enhancements in convection, including understanding the earthward penetration of the plasma sheet. This earthward penetration is critical to geomagnetic disturbance phenomena such as the substorm growth phase and the formation of the stormtime ring current. Additionally, for one example, a prompt electric field response to the IMF southward turnings is seen within the inner plasma sheet. 相似文献
9.
G. A. Kotova 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2007,47(4):409-422
The main results of the experimental and theoretical studies of the Earth’s plasmasphere physics obtained until the present are reviewed. The review is aimed at attracting attention of scientists to studying this region of the Earth’s magnetosphere since many problems of the plasmasphere physics, first of all, the problems of plasmapause formation and plasmasphere filling and erosion, which are of importance in understanding the relation of the processes proceeding in the Sun and solar wind to the processes observed in the Earth’s ionosphere and atmosphere, remain unclear. 相似文献
10.
用三维可压缩MHD数值模拟研究了在磁场重联过程中电子压力梯度项的效应研究结果发现在较高等离子体β,较小离子惯性尺度条件下,广义欧姆定理中压力梯度项在重联过程的作用不可忽略.在磁重联过程中,压力梯度项虽然没有明显改变磁场拓扑结构和重联速度,但它使电子和离子速度明显增大.由于在离子惯性尺度下,离子和电子运动解耦,电子是电流的主要载流子,所以场向电流也增大,并导致核心磁场明显增大.考虑到场向电流是磁层电离层耦合的一个重要因素,所以电子压力梯度项的引入加强了行星际磁场南向期间磁层电离层的耦合.电子压力梯度项还在重联区激发了波动,该波动可向重联区外传播. 相似文献
11.
Z. Vörös 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1994,38(2):168-186
Summary In order to study the nonlinear physical processes connected with substorm activity we analyse time series of local geomagnetic
field variations. The concepts of deterministic chaos and magnetospheric chaotic attractors are examined. The general objective
of this article is to detect low dimensional magnetosphere chaos and to properly interpret it as a consequence of magnetosphere
— ionosphere informational — energetic coupling. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(3):256-264
This paper reviews some aspects of solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere interaction. It is shown that in addition to the interplanetary electric field, the solar wind dynamic pressure also has a significant role in determining the state, dynamics, and energetics of the system. It is demonstrated how the state of the magnetosphere and the prior driving affect the amount of energy input to the system, which highlights the capability of the magnetosphere to control the energy flow. The active role of the magnetosphere in determining the dynamics is illustrated by statistical results of the flux balance in the magnetotail and the various dynamic cycles the system can enter. The inner magnetosphere processes during storms are shown to be a result of a complex interplay of processes at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail in response to the solar wind driving. The conclusions are drawn from statistical observational results, empirical models, and global MHD simulations. 相似文献
13.
N. I. Izhovkina 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2010,50(3):362-368
Electric fields in the near-Earth space was studied in the experiments with artificial plasma clouds and jets in the ionosphere
and magnetosphere. The development of a nonmonotonous plasma density stratification of an artificial plasma formation, with
the scale of strata across the geomagnetic field reaching several meters and tens of meters, was observed. It has been indicated
that the electrodynamics of plasma clouds and jets, decomposing into strata, depends on the excitation and decay of fast oscillations
of the electronic plasma component against a background of slow oscillations of the ionic component at frequencies of magnetized
plasma electrostatic oscillations (electrostatic Bernstein modes of the plasma electronic and ionic components and ion acoustic
oscillations). 相似文献
14.
N. I. Izhovkina 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2010,50(6):788-795
Plasma inhomogeneities extending along geomagnetic field lines in the ionosphere and magnetosphere can have a vortex structure.
Electromagnetic waves can propagate in plasma inhomogeneities in the waveguide channel mode. It has been indicated that energy
and particle fluxes related to the development of small-scale electrostatic turbulence in a magnetized plasma with an unstable
electron component promotes an increase in plasma density gradients in the walls of waveguide channels and an enhancement
in plasma vortices. At low L shells in the region of the geomagnetic equator, the development of plasma electrostatic instability and the damping of drifting
plasma vortices in the inhomogeneous geomagnetic field in the topside ionosphere can be the main mechanism by which large-scale
(∼1000 km) regions with a decreased plasma density are formed. 相似文献
15.
基于CM4模型的中国大陆地区地磁场时空分布特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文利用第四代地磁场综合模型（Comprehensive Model 4,CM4）,计算了1982-2001年中国大陆地区同一经度链和同一纬度链上地磁台站的磁层源磁场及其感应场、电离层源磁场及其感应场的地磁北向分量X、东向分量Y、垂直分量Z的模型值,分析了各场源磁场随时间和空间的变化特征。结果表明:在时间上,经度链和纬度链台站的磁层源磁场及其感应场均呈现出11年和27天周期性变化。电离层源磁场及其感应场具有明显的季节变化,不同年份相同季节变化形态一致但幅度不同。在空间分布上,经度链和纬度链台站磁层源磁场及其感应场的年变化幅度呈现出不同变化特征,电离层源磁场及其感应场在经度链上变化特征不同,而纬度链台站的数值基本一致。日变化分析显示,磁静日和磁扰日期间,模型数据与台站实测数据变化一致性较好,相关性较高。 相似文献
16.
E. S. Belenkaya 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2006,46(5):555-562
Transition current systems can be generated in the Earth’s magnetosphere at a simultaneous sudden change in the solar wind dynamic pressure and IMF northward turning from an almost horizontal direction. The distribution of the field-aligned currents in the transition current system depending on the IMF components has been calculated. The conditions of formation of transition current systems in the Saturn’s magnetosphere and possible manifestations of these systems in the high-latitude ionosphere have been considered. The obtained results have been compared with observations. 相似文献
17.
S. S. Davydenko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(2):211-221
Exact distributions of the electric field and current density in the vicinity of the rotating magnetized planet are determined
within the planetary electric generator model. The model planetary plasma envelope is assumed to be inhomogeneous and consists
of an atmosphere, an ionospheric layer rotating with respect to the atmosphere, and a magnetosphere located beyond the ionosphere.
The model parameters, under which the influence of a large-scale flow of the ionospheric plasma on the electric field and
current in the lower atmosphere is significant are determined. It is shown that the ionospheric superrotation reduces the
electric field arising in the Earth’s lower atmosphere due to the planetary generator effect. 相似文献
18.
提出一个剪切Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波加速极光粒子的新模式。频率远小于离子回旋频率的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波由磁层向电离层传播会演化成孤波，当场向电流超过离子声不稳定性的临界电流时，激发离子声不稳定性，波与粒子的相互作用产生反常阻尼使Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波演化成行波涌浪。它携带一个方向向上的平行电场，加速极光电子形成分立极光。对等离子体密度、电场及其对应的电势进行了数值计算，结果发现满足磁层加速区条件形成Ａｌｆｖｎ行波涌浪，提供足够强的加速粒子的电场。 相似文献
19.
E. L. Stupitsky 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2006,46(1):23-40
The analytical expressions for determining the deceleration region of plasma, produced during large-scale geophysical experiments of explosion type, and taking into account the effect of the rarefied ionosphere and geomagnetic field have been obtained. The possibility of the magnetosphere braking by plasma produced by a powerful explosion is analyzed. The simplified set of equations used to analyze the linear and non-linear stages of flute instability of explosive plasma expanding into the magnetic field has been obtained. The mass overflow between flutes and the viscous force is taken into account. The experimental studies of flute instability during laser plasma expansion into the magnetic field are theoretically substantiated. The mechanism explaining the formation of a jet stream and the main jet inclination of 11° with respect to the axis of symmetry has been proposed. 相似文献
20.
The medium-scale (50–200 km in the projection onto ionospheric altitudes) splitting of the field-aligned currents flowing out of the ionosphere has been considered in the case when the approximation of the distribution function of hot magnetospheric ions by the kappa distribution is taken into account. It was assumed that the condition of magnetostatic equilibrium and isotropy of hot magnetospheric plasma pressure is satisfied in the magnetosphere. The theoretical parameter of magnetospheric plasma hot stratification has been obtained for the case of ion kappa distribution. The parameter characterizes the number of structures into which the band of the field-aligned current flowing out of the ionosphere is split. The theoretical predictions have been compared with the observations on the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 and Aureol-3 satellites. It has been indicated that the number of measured structures is in better agreement with that of the theoretically predicted structures in 70% of cases if the non-Maxwellian tails of ion distribution functions are taken into account. 相似文献