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1.
A simplified mechanical model of a metamict crystal swelling in a host mineral shows that enough stress is generated in the host to trigger its failure and the appearance of radial fractures, in agreement with geological observations. The maximum stress, which combines radial compression and concentric tension, occurs along the host–inclusion interface and should create radial fractures. The maximum stress mainly depends on the amount of swelling, on the inclusion stiffness, and on the resistance to shearing of the host mineral. The external pressure, the host bulk modulus, and the inclusions/host radius ratio are parameters of minor relevance. The influence of the inclusion does not extend beyond about five times its radius. The application of published experimental data shows that a swelling metamict mineral may create significant fracturing in the host mineral. However, many parameters for both host and inclusion minerals are not available, even for the application of such a simple model. We think that in some circumstances, swelling of metamict mineral and fracturing of host mineral may significantly affect the physical properties of rocks at a larger scale by creating a network of fractures connecting metamict (i.e. uranium and thorium bearing) minerals to the geological environment.  相似文献   

2.
在西藏北拉萨块体中段唐江穷果岩体中发现了一种新的岩石成因的暗色包体.唐江穷果岩体中暗色包体呈椭球状,与寄主岩之间呈不紧密胶结,在暗色包体和寄主岩的接触面上通常形成一个明显的风化间隙面.暗色包体为角闪闪长斑岩,寄主岩为花岗闪长岩,暗色包体明显较寄主岩更基性,更富Na2O、CaO、MgO和Fe2O3T.暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显不同的稀土元素,暗色包体的稀土元素除La、Ce元素外,整体含量较寄主岩高,且轻重稀土分异弱.两者都具有弧岩浆岩的特征,富集Rb、Cs、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U,而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素.暗色包体成岩年龄为113.9±1.0 Ma,寄主岩的成岩年龄为110±1.1 Ma,暗色包体成岩年龄较寄主岩早约4 Ma.此外,两者具有一致的锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素特征.以上岩相学、年代学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学证据表明,唐江穷果暗色包体和寄主岩来源于同源母岩浆,暗色包体在二次岩浆房中经历了较弱的斜长石结晶分离作用,寄主岩在二次岩浆房中经历了较强的角闪石结晶分离作用.经过结晶分离作用的寄主岩岩浆在侵位过程中将较早形成处于半塑性状态下的暗色包体裹挟至近地表.唐江穷果暗色包体最可能的成因模式可以解释为同源岩浆不同期次间的物理混合.   相似文献   

3.
本文在研究西藏北拉萨块体中段桑心日岩体中的暗色包体时发现了一种具有特殊岩石成因的暗色包体。暗色包体呈椭球状,在暗色包体和寄主岩的接触面上通常形成一个明显的可能由风化作用造成的间隙面。暗色包体为二长玢岩-花岗闪长玢岩,寄主岩为花岗岩,暗色包体明显较寄主岩更基性,更富Na_2O、CaO、MgO和Fe_2O_3~T。暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显不同的稀土元素特征,暗色包体的稀土元素含量变化较大,最基性样品具有最高的稀土含量,随着基性程度的降低稀土元素含量明显下降。随着岩浆的进一步演化,岩浆向花岗岩方向演化,稀土含量又逐步升高。寄主岩和暗色包体具有基本一致的微量元素组成,具有典型的弧岩浆岩的特征,富集Rb、Cs、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。此外,暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显的Ba、Sr的负异常。暗色包体成岩年龄为75. 6±1. 2Ma,寄主岩的成岩年龄为71. 8±0. 6Ma,暗色包体成岩年龄较寄主岩早约4Myr。两者具有一致的锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素特征。综合以上岩相学、年代学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学证据,我们认为桑心日暗色包体和寄主岩来源于同源母岩浆,初始岩浆在母岩浆房中经历了不同程度的含钾角闪石结晶分离作用,并沿早期较弱的构造裂隙侵入到地壳的某一层位,随着构造活动进一步加剧,经过进一步分异母岩浆大规模上侵,并将早先侵位处于半塑性状态的暗色包体侵吞、裹挟至近地表。桑心日暗色包体最可能的成因模式可以解释为同源岩浆不同期次间的物理混合。  相似文献   

4.
Twenty-seven samples of black weathering crust and host carbonates were studied from seven European countries (Germany, Hungary, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy and Poland) representing 11 different sites. The samples were collected for sites for which long-term air pollution records are available. The mineralogical analyses (XRD, polarizing microscopy, SEM) have shown that despite decreasing SO2 emissions crust samples are still very rich in gypsum. Further, in all host rock samples gypsum was also detected. Good correlations (R2 > 0.9) were also found between water-soluble calcium and gypsum content and between sulphate and gypsum content both for black crusts and host rocks. The black gypsum crusts are four or five times richer in sulphate than the host rock. The conductivity of dissolved crust and host rock samples also shows a positive correlation with gypsum content of the samples. LA-ICP-MS analyses allowed the detection of high Pb-levels in black crusts and a negative shift in lead concentration at the crust/host rock transition. The lead content of the host rock is 2–5 mg/kg, while that of the crust is 3–25 mg/kg in the sample collected from Germany, while in the Belgian sample these values are 2–14 mg/kg and 80–870 mg/kg for the host rock and crust, respectively. The GC–MS technique allowed to detect the PAH content of black crusts and host rocks. The former one contains 0.6–15.6 (102.5) mg/kg, while in the host rock values between 0.2 and 2.4 mg/kg were found. The present study suggests that still large amounts of air pollution-related minerals and organic pollutants are found in the black weathering crusts of European carbonate buildings despite decreasing trends in air pollution.  相似文献   

5.
西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合岩石化学证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
夏尔莆岩体是西准噶尔地区较典型岩浆混合花岗岩.岩体由寄主岩石(中酸性侵入岩)、微粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群3部分组成.寄主岩石(中酸性侵入岩)与微细粒镁铁质包体具相似岩石化学特征,有明显元素双扩散现象.在图解中,寄主岩石具良好线型岩浆混合演化特征,微细粒镁铁质包体也位于演化趋势上,显示两者具共同成因联系,中基性岩墙群具独立演化趋势,属不同岩浆端元.岩石化学显示的岩浆混合信息与岩相学表现的岩浆混合特征完全吻合,支持岩浆混合成因认识,为解决该岩体成因分歧提供重要依据.  相似文献   

6.
Zircon populations of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic age occur in metabasites of a high-pressure amphibolite-facies unit of the Austroalpine basement south of the Tauern Window. The host rocks for these zircons are eclogitic amphibolites of N-MORB-type character, hornblende gneisses with volcanic-arc basalt signature, and alkaline within-plate-basalt amphibolites. Bulk rock magmatic trace element patterns were preserved during amphibolite-facies high-pressure and subsequent high-temperature events, as well as a greenschist-facies overprint. Positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies and enrichment of HREE in normalized zircon REE patterns, as analysed by LA-ICP-MS, are typical for an igneous origin of these zircon suites. Zircon Y is well correlated to HREE, Ce, Th, U, Nb, and Ta and allows discrimination of compositional fields for each host rock type. Low Th/U ratios are correlated to low Y and HREE abundances in zircon from low bulk Th/U host rocks. This is likely a primary igneous characteristic that cannot be attributed to metamorphic recrystallization. Variations of zircon/host rock element ratios confirm that ionic radii and charges control abundances of many trace elements in zircon. The trace element ratios—presented as mineral/melt distribution coefficients—indicate a selectively inhibited substitution of Zr and Si by HREE and Y in zircon which crystallized from a N-MORB melt. Correlated host rock and zircon trace element concentrations indicate that the metabasite zircons are not xenocrysts but crystallized from mafic melts, represented by the actual host rocks.  相似文献   

7.
This paper deals with characteristics of silicon isotope compositions and siliceous cathodolumines-cence of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal silicified quartz of the Carlin-type ore deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi triangle area. The study shows that primary silicified quartz is nonluminescent but quartz in host rocks andsecondary silicified quartz are luminescent by the action of cathode rays. Correspondingly, silicon isotope composi-tions of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal quartz veins are clearly distinguished. In strata from the Middle Triassic tothe "Dachang" host bed, δ~(30)Si of the host rocks ranges from 0.0‰-0.3‰, while that of primary ore-forming silici-fied fluids from -0.1‰ to -0.4‰, in the Upper Permian and Lower Carboniferous strata and Indosinian diabasehost beds, δ~(30)Si of the host rocks is from -0.1‰ to -0.2‰ and that of the primary silicified quartz veins from 0.3‰-0.5‰. This pattern demonstrates the following geochemical mineralization process: primary ore-forming sili-ceous fluids migrated upwards quickly along the main passages of deep-seated faults from mantle to crust and en-tered secondary faults where gold deposits were eventually formed as a result of permeation and replacement of thesiliceous ore-forming fluids into different ore-bearing strata. This gives important evidence for the fact that ore-forming fluids of this type of gold deposits were mainly derived from upper mantle differentiation and shows goodprospects for deep gold deposits and geochemical background for large and superlarge gold deposits.  相似文献   

8.
The first post-marsupial stage of the common fish parasite, Lironeca ovalis, is described and found to be identical to Aegathoa medialis Richardson. It is suggested that A. oculata (Say) may also be a young stage of L. ovalis. The juvenile isopods were observed to attach readily to potential host fish, juvenile striped bass and white perch, in the laboratory. However, the parasites could be dislodged easily, and there was no indication that they were actually feeding on the host fish. The isopods also did not feed on newly hatched Artemia nauplii or unicellular algae (Monochrysis lutheri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) in culture trials. It appears that the young isopods can survive free-swimming for only 1–2 weeks without a host, but the animals may be able to maintain a more-or-less free existence for an extended period by moving from host to host via plankton.  相似文献   

9.
The Upper Cretaceous organic rich limestones and marls of the Tarfaya basin of southwest Morocco contain numerous calcite concretions, which formed during early diagenesis. Relative textural similarities are observed both in the concretions and in the host sediments. However, the biological content of the concretions is considerably higher than in the host marls and limestones. Evidence for fossil dissolution in the host marls, and the absence of concretions in some fossil-rich zones, suggest that the difference in fossil abundance between the concretions and host rock is a function of dissolution, rather than preferential precipitation in fossil-rich areas. Consequently, the carbonate concretions appear to represent the 'memory' of the sediment and allow quantification of the original biological components and are potential tools for estimating the original biological material deposited in the soft sediments.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract: Biotite and muscovite inclusions inside mica host minerals from the Sutlej section of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline were studied under an optical microscope. These inclusions formed possibly by local recrystallization of mica grains during regional prograde metamorphism, with some affected by top-to-SW shear leading to parallelogram shapes. Recrystallization may have been assisted by solution transfer along the cleavage planes of the host grains. The relative competency of deformed phyllosilicate inclusions with the same or different composition to the host depends on the size and orientation of (001) cleavage planes of the inclusions relative to the host. Shearing of mica inclusions led to their parallelogram geometries within the contained mica inclusions. Some of the sheared inclusions deflect cleavage planes in the host minerals and define flanking microstructures. Trapezoid-shaped inclusions are a new finding that deserves more attention for their genesis. These structurally anisotropic inclusions did not originate from sub-grains, secondary infillings or retrogression. These inclusions are also not related to pseudomorphism, isomorphism, folding of the bulk rock etc. Some of the inclusions formed by recrystallization of the host mineral during top-to-SW ductile shear.  相似文献   

11.
Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in host granitoids can provide important constraints on the deep magmatic processes. The Oligocene-Miocene granitoid plutons of the NW Anatolia contain abundant MMEs. This paper presents new hornblende Ar-Ar ages and whole-rock chemical and Sr-Nd isotope data of the MMEs from these granitic rocks. Petrographically, the MMEs are finer-grained than their host granites and contain the same minerals as their host rocks (amphibole + plagioclase + biotite + quartz + K-feldspar), but in different proportions. The Ar-Ar ages of the MMEs range from 27.9 ± 0.09 Ma to 19.3 ± 0.01 Ma and are within error of their respective host granitoids. The MMEs are metaluminous and calc-alkaline, similar to I-type granites. The Sr-Nd isotopes of MMEs are 0.7057 to 0.7101 for 87Sr/86Sr and 0.5123 to 0.5125 for 143Nd/144Nd, and are similar to their respective host granitoids. These lithological, petrochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the MMEs in this present study represent chilled early formed cogenetic hydrous magmas produced during a period of post-collisional lithospheric extension in NW Anatolia. The parental magma for MMEs and host granitoids might be derived from partial melting of underplated mafic materials in a normally thickened lower crust in a post-collisional extensional environment beneath the NW Anatolia. Delamination or convective removal of lithospheric mantle generated asthenospheric upwelling, providing heat and magma to induce hydrous re-melting of underplated mafic materials in the lower crust.  相似文献   

12.
论东天山土屋-延东(斑岩)铜矿的容矿岩   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20  
陈文明  曲晓明 《矿床地质》2002,21(4):331-340
通过对土屋-延东（斑岩）铜矿容矿岩的时空分布、物质组分及结构构造研究，认为该矿床的容矿岩是一套由中酸性-基性火山岩（包括沉凝灰岩）经富Na、Si热流体交代而成的钠质酸性-基性火山岩，按岩性及结构分以下4类：（1）具斑状或似斑状结构的钠质酸性-中酸性火山岩或称之为钠长石英斑岩与石英斑岩，它常位于矿体的上部，约占容矿岩的20%；（2）以自形、半自形板状、粒状交织结构为主的（含少量斑晶）钠质中酸性-中基性火山岩，或称之为安山玢岩，它常位于矿体的中部及中下部，约占容矿岩的50%；（3）以自形、半自形板状、粒状交织结构为主的富铝基性火山岩，或称之为高铝玄武岩，它常位于矿体的下部及底板围岩，约占容矿岩的20%；（4）以凝灰结构、碎屑结构为主的钠质中酸性-中基性火山碎屑岩，它常位于矿体的下部及底板围岩，约占容矿岩的10%。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: The Biliutai pluton, as the host of a small gold deposit, containing dark-gray enclaves, intruded into the Lower Permian volcanic-sedimentary formations in east Inner Mongolia, China. The host rocks and enclaves formed simultaneously at about 200 Ma (Rb–Sr isochron age with initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.704). The Nd (T) values for the enclaves (from +4.4 to +4.6) are similar to their host rocks (+3.2 to +4.8), although the values for the host rocks are relatively variable. Both enclaves and host rocks are enriched in large ion lithosphere elements and light rare earth elements but depleted in high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. These observations suggest that the magma was produced from subduction-modified mantle sources. The age of the mantle enrichment event, evaluated using depleted mantle Nd model ages, is 0.61 - 0.83 Ga. These geochemical characteristics constrain the metallogeny of the Biliutai pluton, and imply that the ore-forming materials probably were derived from lithospheric mantle.  相似文献   

14.
内蒙古东北部激流河花岗岩中包体的特征及成因   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  
内蒙古东北部阿龙山地区，沿激流河两岸呈NE向分布的二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩体中发育暗色微粒镁铁质包体。包体具典型的岩浆结构、淬火结构及针状磷灰石，部分包体中含寄主岩石的钾长石、石英巨晶。包体形态主要呈浑圆状，可见明显的塑性流变特点，与寄主岩石间常呈截然的接触关系，有时呈过渡状、雾迷状。寄主岩石富Si、K，并表现出岩浆演化的特点，包体富Mg、Fe、Ca，贫Si、Al，Na〉K。寄主岩石和包体的稀土、微量元素曲线形态相近，均为左高右低的不对称右倾型、轻稀土富集型，包体Eu微弱亏损，寄主花岗岩的Eu中等—弱亏损。包体与寄主岩石在地球化学特征上既表现出了相似性，也表现出了明显的非同源性特点。这些特征表明早石炭世激流河花岗岩类中的暗色包体是岩浆混合的产物，部分代表了混合岩浆的基性端元。  相似文献   

15.
桂中坳陷是在加里东运动基础上形成的晚古生代海相大型沉积坳陷,其后期构造稳定,为具有较好潜力的勘探新区。其中,该区泥盆系地层深埋地腹,为主要勘探目的层系和近期研究的热点。在总结前人研究的基础上,运用野外露头剖面观测、测录井、地震相分析等技术手段,建立了本区泥盆系层序地层格架,由下而上划分为3个三级层序:SS1、SS2、SS3,完成了桂中地区泥盆系地层与地震层序格架的统一。研究了本区泥盆纪沉积特征和沉积演化史,分析认为桂中坳陷经历加里东期隆升后,在海西早期(D-C)的拉张背景下,演变为"台-盆"相间的沉积格局,期间沉积多个孤立台地。孤立台地边缘发育有生物礁滩,发育时间从中泥盆世早期一直延续至中泥盆世晚期,首次提出该地区孤立台地礁滩发育具有垂向上"三种五期"叠置加积的特征。其中,层序SS1沉积期(早泥盆世晚期-中泥盆早期)为孤立台地礁滩发育的奠基-发展期。层序SS2沉积期(中泥盆世中期-中泥盆世晚期)为孤立台地礁滩发育的繁盛期。层序SS3沉积期(晚泥盆世)为孤立台地礁滩发育的消亡期。  相似文献   

16.
In an effort to obtain information about mineral/melt trace element partitioning during the high pressure petrogenesis of basic rocks, we determined rare earth and other trace element abundances in megacrysts of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole, mica, anorthoclase, apatite and zircon, and in their host basalts. In general, the ranges of mineral/melt partition coefficients established from experimental partitioning studies and phenocryst/matrix measurements overlap with the ranges of megacryst/host abundance ratios. Our data for Hf, Sc, Ta and Th partitioning represent some of the only estimates available. Consideration of phase equilibria, major element partitioning and isotopic ratios indicate that most of the pyroxene and amphibole megacrysts may have been in equilibrium with their host magmas at high pressures (mostly 10–25 kb). In contrast, it is unlikely that mica, anorthoclase, apatite and zircon megacrysts formed in equilibrium with their host basalts; instead, we conclude that they were precipitated from more evolved magmas and have been mixed into their present host magmas. Consequently, the trace element abundance ratios for megacryst/host should not be interpreted as partition coefficients, but only as guides for understanding trace element partitioning during high pressure petrogenesis. With this caveat, we conclude that the megacryst/ host trace element abundance data indicate that mineral/melt partition coefficients in basaltic systems during high pressure fractionation are not drastically different from partition coefficients valid for low pressure fractionation.  相似文献   

17.
双峰式火山岩与块状硫化物矿床   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
姜福芝 《矿床地质》2001,20(4):331-338
双峰式火山岩不仅是火山成因块状硫化物矿床中最常见的含矿岩石组合，而且也是研究其古成矿地质背景和成矿作用的主要依据之一。笔者收集了我国以及世界一些著名火山成因块状硫化物矿床和矿带的含矿建造资料，其中包括含矿建筑的岩石组合、形成时代和层序、火山岩的岩石组合和岩石化学、产出的大地构造环境等等。整理结果表明，双峰式火山岩是火山成因块状硫化物矿床的最佳含矿岩石组合；它们主要产五各个时期的造山火山岩类，产生了有利成矿组分浓集的巨大热液循环系统及适宜原（海水深度和封闭条件良好的）含矿流体集积的沉陷盆地（裂谷），从而为成群成带的VHMS型矿床的形成提供了有利的地质环境。  相似文献   

18.
Study of faults and secondary mineralization of host rocks of diamond-bearing kimberlites yields important data for local prediction of kimberlite bodies. Of special methodological interest are exploration data on deposits where the study of host rocks is based on a dense observation network. Factual material for this paper was collected from cores of all inclined exploration boreholes of the Maiskoe diamond deposit found in the Nakyn field in Yakutia in 2006. The paper shows a nonuniform distribution of tectonic deformations, stringer mineralization, O and C isotopes of calcite, and CO2 content of Lower Paleozoic host carbonate rocks of kimberlites. Our data agree with different diamond potentials of two areas of the Maiskoe kimberlite body, which can be used to search for and explore deposits.  相似文献   

19.
土屋-延东铜钼矿田与成矿有关问题的讨论   总被引：49，自引：6，他引：49       下载免费PDF全文
为查明新疆土屋-延东铜矿的围岩地层时代、成矿时代和成矿环境等问题，文章通过野外调查、岩矿鉴定、古生物化石鉴定和同位素年代学等方面的研究，提出围岩地层为石炭系而不是泥盆系；锆石SHRIMP定年结果表明334．6～320Ma为围岩火山岩的形成时代，另外还有两期岩浆活动(434～426Ma和260Ma)；含矿直接围岩主要是斜长花岗斑岩而不是闪长玢岩；矿田隶属觉罗塔格构造-成矿带而不是哈尔里克带；矿田内斑岩类以及矿带中的石炭纪花岗岩类具埃达克岩特征，表明区域上具良好的斑岩铜矿成矿远景。  相似文献   

20.
A series of striking migmatitic structures occur in rectilinear networks through western Fiordland, New Zealand, involving, for the most part, narrow anorthositic dykes that cut hornblende‐bearing orthogneiss. Adjacent to the dykes, host rocks show patchy, spatially restricted recrystallization and dehydration on a decimetre‐scale to garnet granulite. Although there is general agreement that the migration of silicate melt has formed at least parts of the structures, there is disagreement on the role of silicate melt in dehydrating the host rock. A variety of causal processes have been inferred, including metasomatism due to the ingress of a carbonic, mantle‐derived fluid; hornblende‐breakdown leading to water release and limited partial melting of host rocks; and dehydration induced by volatile scavenging by a migrating silicate melt. Variability in dyke assemblage, together with the correlation between dehydration structures and host rock silica content, are inconsistent with macroscopic metasomatism, and best match open system behaviour involving volatile scavenging by a migrating trondhjemitic liquid.  相似文献   

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