共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本文按常α无力场模型计算了1980年10月23日Boulder 2744活动区前导黑子的纵向磁场随高度的变化,并与用CIV 1548谱线观测得到的色球一日冕过渡区的磁场资料相结合,求得CIV 1548发射区的有效高度。这些结果与文献[4]中对同一黑子用势场模型推求的结果有很大差别。从而表明,势场和无力场在某些方面导致的结果是极不相同的。鉴于观测已表明活动区上空存在电流的事实,在活动区磁场的模拟中,特别是在强扭曲活动区磁场的计算中,应当避免采用势场,而尽可能采用无力场模型。 相似文献
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J'erôme P'etri 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,302(1-4):117-139
This is the second of a series of papers aimed to look for an explanation on the generation of high frequency quasi-periodic
oscillations (QPOs) in accretion disks around neutron star, black hole, and white dwarf binaries. The model is inspired by
the general idea of a resonance mechanism in the accretion disk oscillations as was already pointed out by Abramowicz and
Klu’zniak (2001). In a first paper (P'etri, 2005a, paper I), we showed that a rotating misaligned magnetic field of a neutron
star gives rise to some resonances close to the inner edge of the accretion disk. In this second paper, we suggest that this
process does also exist for an asymmetry in the gravitational potential of the compact object. We prove that the same physics
applies, at least in the linear stage of the response to the disturbance in the system. This kind of asymmetry is well suited
for neutron stars or white dwarfs possessing an inhomogeneous interior allowing for a deviation from a perfectly spherically
symmetric gravitational field. After a discussion on the magnitude of this deformation applied to neutron stars, we show by
a linear analysis that the disk initially in a cylindrically symmetric stationary state is subject to {three kinds of resonances:
a corotation resonance, a Lindblad resonance due to a driven force and a parametric resonance}. In a second part, we focus
on the linear response of a thin accretion disk in the 2D limit. {Waves are launched at the aforementioned resonance positions
and propagate in some permitted regions inside the disk, according to the dispersion relation obtained by a WKB analysis}.
In a last part, these results are confirmed and extended via non linear hydrodynamical numerical simulations performed with
a pseudo-spectral code solving Euler's equations in a 2D cylindrical coordinate frame. {We found that for a weak potential
perturbation, the Lindblad resonance is the only effective mechanism producing a significant density fluctuation}. In a last
step, we replaced the Newtonian potential by the so called logarithmically modified pseudo-Newtonian potential in order to
take into account some general-relativistic effects like the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). The latter potential
is better suited to describe the close vicinity of a neutron star or a black hole. However, from a qualitative point of view,
the resonance conditions remain the same. The highest kHz QPOs are then interpreted as the orbital frequency of the disk at
locations where the response to the resonances are maximal. It is also found that strong gravity is not required to excite
the resonances. 相似文献
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We present a simple coupled glacier-sediment model to simulate the evolution of a tidewater glacier. The model is based on a consideration of the total mass budget of a glacier, whereas ice mechanics are fully parameterized. The calving rate at the glacier terminus is assumed to be proportional to the water depth. We show that the formation of a morainic shoal has a profound influence on the response of a tidewater glacier to climatic forcing. For a slow periodic forcing of the equilibrium-line altitude, the model glacier advances steadily into the estuary, builds up a submarine terminal moraine, and then retreats rapidly when a critical point is hit. For a slowly increasing equilibrium-line altitude, at a rate as low as 1 m per 5 years, we find terminus retreat rates of up to 10 km in 50 years. Our model suggests that, although the response of tidewater glaciers to external forcing is strongly nonlinear, the onset of retreat is controlled by climate change. 相似文献
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Jun'ichi Sato † Masayuki Umemura Keisuke Sawada 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(4):1517-1524
We consider the effect of a supernova (SN) explosion in a very massive binary that is expected to form in a portion of Population III stars with the mass higher than 100 M⊙ . In a Population III binary system, a more massive star can result in the formation of a black hole (BH) and a surrounding accretion disc. Such BH accretion could be a significant source of the cosmic reionization in the early Universe. However, a less massive companion star evolves belatedly and eventually undergoes a SN explosion, so that the accretion disc around a BH might be blown off in a lifetime of companion star. In this paper, we explore the dynamical impact of a SN explosion on an accretion disc around a massive BH, and elucidate whether the BH accretion disc is totally demolished or not. For the purpose, we perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of a very massive binary system, where we assume a BH of 103 M⊙ that results from a direct collapse of a very massive star and a companion star of 100 M⊙ that undergoes a SN explosion. We calculate the remaining mass of a BH accretion disc as a function of time. As a result, it is found that a significant portion of gas disc can survive through three-dimensional geometrical effects even after the SN explosion of a companion star. Even if the SN explosion energy is higher by two orders of magnitude than the binding energy of gas disc, about a half of disc can be left over. The results imply that the Population III BH accretion disc can be a long-lived luminous source, and therefore could be an important ionizing source in the early Universe. 相似文献
7.
To quantify changes of the solar coronal field connectivity during eruptive events, one can use magnetic helicity, which is
a measure of the shear or twist of a current-carrying (non-potential) field. To find a physically meaningful quantity, a relative
measure, giving the helicity of a current-carrying field with respect to a reference (potential) field, is often evaluated.
This requires a knowledge of the three-dimensional vector potential. We present a method to calculate the vector potential
for a solenoidal magnetic field as the sum of a Laplacian part and a current-carrying part. The only requirements are the
divergence freeness of the Laplacian and current-carrying magnetic field and the sameness of their normal field component
on the bounding surface of the considered volume. 相似文献
8.
The possible contributions of tidal heating to lunar thermal history are investigated. Analytic determinations of tidal dissipation in a homogeneous, incompressible Moon and in a two-layer Moon with a soft core and rigid mantle are given as a function of position in the Moon and as a function of Earth-Moon separation. The most recent information on the historical values of the lunar obliquity is employed, and we present results for the constant values of orbital eccentricity of e = 0.0 and e = 0.055. For a simplified orbital evolution and a dissipation factor Q = 100, the total increase in the mean lunar temperature for the homogeneous case does not exceed several tens of degrees. For the two-layer models the local dissipation may be enhanced over that of the homogeneous Moon by a factor of 5 for a core radius of 0.5 lunar radii and by a factor of 100 for a core radius of 0.95 lunar radii. The corresponding factors for the total dissipation are 3 and 15 for the two values of core radii, respectively. We conclude that tidal contributions to lunar thermal history are probably not important. But under special circumstances the enhanced dissipation in a two-layer Moon could have led to a spectacular thermal event. 相似文献
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Thermosolutal-convective instability of a composite plasma in a stellar atmosphere is considered. The effect of a variable horizontal magnetic field and the simultaneous effect of a uniform rotation and a variable horizontal magnetic field have been considered on the thermosolutal-convective instability. We have derived the sufficient conditions for the existence of monotonic instability. It is found that the criteria for monotonic instability hold good in the presence of a variable horizontal magnetic field as well as in the presence of a uniform rotation and a variable horizontal magnetic field. 相似文献
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James Binney Ing-Guey Jiang & Suvendra Dutta 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(4):1237-1244
We study the persistence of warps in galactic discs in the presence of massive haloes. A disc is approximated by a set of massive rings, while a halo is represented by a conventional n -body simulation. We confirm the conclusion of Nelson &38; Tremaine that a halo responds strongly to an embedded precessing disc. This response invalidates the approximations made in the derivation of classical 'modified tilt' modes. We show that the response of the halo causes the line of nodes of a disc that starts from a modified tilt mode to wind up within a few dynamical times. We explain this finding in terms of the probable spectrum of true normal modes of a combined disc–halo system. The key physical point is that in each radial range the halo rapidly aligns with the disc, so calculations based on the assumption that, in the presence of a warped disc, the halo retains a regular spheroidal structure are based on a fatally flawed assumption. 相似文献
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We calculate the effective mass of a spherical star-like object under the assumption that the mass of an object represents a function of the gravitational potential in which it occurs. We show that due to this mass-dependence on the gravitational potential, it is not possible that a star of a larger mass than that of a neutron star shrinks to a point singularity. We present the value of the upper limits to the mass of spherical mass bodies as a function of their radii in a large range of their mass densities. 相似文献
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Using a 2.5-D, time-dependent ideal MHD model in Cartesian coordinates, we carried out numerical simulations to investigate
the equilibrium and evolution properties of a magnetic configuration that consists of a coronal magnetic flux rope and a partly
open photospheric background field, which is equivalent to that produced by a two-patch magnetic source on the photospheric
surface. The axial and annular magnetic fluxes of the flux rope are given and fixed. The global magnetic configuration evolves
in response to three types of changes of the background field: decreasing of the distance between the two sources, shrinking
of the size of each source, and increasing of the shear in the closed component of the background field. As a result, the
geometrical parameters of the flux rope, i.e. the height of the rope axis, the half-width of the rope and the length of the
vertical current sheet below the rope, change due to the variation of the background field. It is shown that for a given coronal
magnetic flux rope in a partly open background field, the variation of the geometrical parameters of the flux rope displays
a catastrophic behavior, namely, there exists a critical point for each case, at which an infinitesimal change of the background
field leads to a loss of equilibrium, and thus a jump of the flux rope. The implication of such a catastrophe in solar active
phenomena is briefly discussed. 相似文献
14.
周震浦 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1991,(2)
本文以W3(OH)为实例,建立了与OH脉泽成协的HII区气体-尘埃壳层的磁场模型,由此可见,致密HII区所在分子云核心中的磁场强度,与分子云核心的分子数密度之间存在指数α=1/2的幂律关系;而在HII区气体-尘埃壳层中,磁场强度与分子数密度之间存在α=1的正比关系,根据讨论可知,与OH脉泽成协的HII区,其气体-尘埃壳层的分子数密度为10~6cm~(-3)量级,磁场强度为几个mG;一旦分子数密度达10~7cm~(-3)量级,OH脉泽便将熄灭。 相似文献
15.
A.G.W. Cameron 《Icarus》1985,62(2):319-327
According to the single-impact hypothesis for forming the Moon, the angular momentum needed for the present Earth-Moon system can be imparted to the proto-Earth by a collision with a body having one-tenth of the mass or more. The collision must vaporize a large amount of rock which must stay in the form of vapor after expanding in density by a factor of several, so that pressure gradients can accelerate significant amounts of the matter into orbital motion about the proto-Earth. A successful theory must put considerably more than a lunar mass into orbit, having considerably more angular momentum than is needed to assemble a lunar mass in orbit at 3 Earth radii. Such a collision has been simulated by a particular form of a particle-in-cell representation of hydrodynamics and 78 cases have been run representing variations in a variety of parameters. A significant fraction of the cases were successful in creating a satisfactory prelunar accretion disk. A fairly common characteristic of these cases was the presence of an excess velocity in the collision (above that of a parabolic orbit), implying that the projectile involved in the collision existed in an Earth-crossing orbit of significant ellipticity. A majority of the mass of the prelunar accretion disk is contributed by the projectile. 相似文献
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R. F. O'Connell 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1969,4(1):119-121
It is shown that there is a contribution to the precession of a gyroscope due to the quadrupole moment of the Earth. The magnitude of this additional precession is a maximum for a gyroscope in a satellite in equatorial orbit around the Earth at a moderate altitude, and exceeds the experimental error for observations which cover a span of about one year or greater. 相似文献
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《New Astronomy》2003,8(1):15-21
In this paper, a general method is developed for the determination of cosmic distances. The method is based on the assumption that the members of a cosmic group scatter around a mean absolute magnitude in a Gaussian distribution. The basic formula of the method is obtained as a least-squares fit of the solution of a highly transcendental equation as a function of a given apparent magnitude parameter α. For each range of α, the precision criteria of this formula, and also the absolute relative uncertainty in the derived distance, are very satisfactory. Some illustrative examples of the usages of the method are included. 相似文献
18.
The effect of cold plasma injection on whistler mode instability has been studied separately for a bi-Maxwellian and a loss-cone hackground plasma with perpendicular AC electric field. The cold plasma is described by a simple Maxwellian distribution, whereas a generalized distribution function with index j that reduces to a bi-Maxwellian for j = 0 and to a loss-cone for j = 1 has been derived for a plasma in the presence of a perpendicular AC electric field, to form a hot/warm background. The dispersion relation is obtained using the method of characteristic solutions and kinetic approach. An expression for the growth rate of a system with added cold plasma injection has been calculated. Results of sample theoretical calculations for representative values of parameters suited to the magnetosphere of Uranus has been obtained. The salient features of the analysis and the results obtained in both cases have been compared and discussed. It is inferred that it is not the magnitude but the frequency of the AC field which influences the growth rate and a loss-cone background plasma has a triggering effect on the growth rate, increasing the value of the real frequency and maximum growth rate by an order of magnitude. These results may go a long way to enable one to get a better understanding of whistlers and diagnostics of plasma parameters in the Uranian magnetosphere. 相似文献
19.
David J. Ampleford Andrea Ciardi Sergey V. Lebedev Simon N. Bland Simon C. Bott Jeremy P. Chittenden Gareth N. Hall Adam Frank Eric Blackman 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,307(1-3):29-34
We present experimental data on the steady state deflection of a highly supersonic jet by a side-wind in the laboratory. The
use of a long interaction region enables internal shocks to fully cross the jet, leading to the development of significantly
more structure in the jet than in previous work with a similar setup (Lebedev et al., 2004). The ability to control the length
of the interaction region in the laboratory allows the switch between a regime representing a clumpy jet or wind and a regime
similar to a slowly varying mass loss rate. The results indicate that multiple internal oblique shocks develop in the jet
and the possible formation of a second working surface as the jet attempts to tunnel through the ambient medium. 相似文献
20.
We present a method for solving problems in which a stellar wind interacts with the surrounding environment through the production of a 'double radiative shock' structure. This condition is generally met in problems involving winds ejected from young stars. We describe a method that can be applied to problems of winds with arbitrary time and angular dependence, interacting with a stationary environment with an arbitrary density distribution. We apply the method to the interaction of: a steady wind (with an instantaneous 'turning-on') with a power-law environmental density stratification, a 'wind plus jet' ejection with a toroidal environmental density stratification, and to the interaction of an isotropic wind with a clumpy environment. These three examples illustrate the wide range of possible applications of the proposed method. We also show a comparison between some of our thin-shell solutions and three-dimensional isothermal gasdynamic simulations of the flows. These comparisons are used as an evaluation of the applicability of our thin-shell solutions to the real flows. 相似文献