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1.
Summary Seasonal (June through September) percentage departure from normal rainfall patterns over India for the period 1871–1994
have been classified using Fuzzy c-means method (FCM) to identify the dominant modes of spatio-temporal variability in the
Indian monsoon rainfall. Unlike the hard clustering methods, for example the Map-to-Map (MM) correlation method and the k-means
(KM) clustering method, this method does not force a pattern to get classified into only one cluster but assigns varying membership
to every cluster. Thus marginal patterns get classified into all clusters with different memberships.
Patterns for the 124-year period are represented by the four dominant clusters. The spatial patterns associated with the extreme
(deficient/excess) Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) get high membership in one of the clusters only, while the patterns associated
with the normal IMR get almost equal membership to all clusters. Even the spatial patterns during the El Ni?o/La Nina episodes
show high preference to a particular cluster. Time variation of each cluster shows that there are epochs where a particular
cluster dominates. Possible dynamic causes leading to the clusters are examined. Merits and demerits of the FCM method are
also discussed.
Received May 14, 1997 Revised July 22, 1997 相似文献
2.
The classification of tropical cyclones (TCs) is significant to obtain their temporal and spatial variation characteristics in the context of dramatic-changing global climate. A new TCs clustering method by using K-means clustering algorithm with nine physical indexes is proposed in the paper. Each TC is quantified into an 11-dimensional vector concerning trajectory attributes, time attributes and power attributes. Two recurving clusters (cluster A and E) and three straight-moving clusters (cluster B, C and D) are categorized from the TC best-track dataset of the western North Pacific (WNP) over the period of 1949-2013, and TCs’ properties have been analyzed and compared in different aspects. The calculation results of coefficient variation (CV) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) reveal a high level of intra-cluster cohesiveness and inter-cluster divergence, which means that the physical index system could serve as a feasible method of TCs classification. The clusters are then analyzed in terms of trajectory, lifespan, seasonality, trend, intensity and Power Dissipation Index (PDI). The five classified clusters show distinct features in TCs’ temporal and spatial development discipline. Moreover, each cluster has its individual motion pattern, variation trend, influence region and impact degree. 相似文献
3.
Rainfall over Turkey portrays highly variable character both spatially and temporally. The aim of this study is to redefine main rainfall clusters of Turkey by using k-means methodology and investigate spatial shifts in the redefined rainfall clusters in subsequent periods with respect to North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) patterns. Initially, monthly rainfall totals are subjected to k-means clustering by taking into consideration 148 stations covering the 1977?C2006 period. Considering the maximum silhouette value and lowest negative silhouette number, six rainfall clusters are determined as optimum classifications for this climate period. The results indicate that Aegean?CMarmara and Eastern Anatolia?CCentral Anatolia geographic regions are characterized as single rainfall cluster contrary to the conventional geographical regions. The Mediterranean region is characterized with two separate sub-regions indicating highly variable rainfall distribution characters over the region. The study further adapts a similar classification for 10-year sub-periods to determine spatial shifts of the redefined rainfall clusters for the last 30?years. From one decade to another, temporally drier and wetter clusters are observed with underlying shifting causes in relation to NAO patterns. Parallel to other studies in the literature, NAO is found to be partially useful in explaining the temporally dry trends while less useful in justifying wet periods. On the other hand, coefficient of variation (COV) is introduced in order to explain the temporal shifts in the clusters. Strong relations are obtained between the regions with the higher COV numbers and highest cluster shifts, while smaller COV numbers are associated with the most stable clusters. 相似文献
4.
Cluster analysis has been performed on the tracks of 51 Tropical Cyclones (TCs) that made landfall on the Korean Peninsula (KP) for the period of 1951–2004. The classification technique of the landfalling tracks used in this study was the fuzzy clustering method (FCM) and the resultant silhouette coe?cient suggested four clusters as an optimal cluster number. Most TCs of Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 (C-23) tended to pass through mainland China before landfall, but those of Cluster 1 and Cluster 4 (C-14) tended t... 相似文献
5.
采用模糊C均值聚类 (FCM)、遗传算法 (GA) 和模糊减法聚类 (FSC) 交叉融合、优势互补思想进行副热带高压影响因子的综合聚类分析和副热带高压指数的诊断预测。在统计分析的基础上, 通过选择若干与副热带高压指数关系密切的影响因子构成了高维特征空间, 进行了综合聚类分析, 实现了副热带高压指数的聚类判别和诊断预测。该文提出的综合聚类方法既可克服FCM/GA算法全局/局部寻优的不足, 又可客观确定聚类数目。试验结果表明, 该方法具有良好的分类效果, 判别结果与实况基本相符。 相似文献
6.
本文研究川滇地区块体划分与区域地壳应变.首先,对川滇地区GPS水平速度场采用K-medoids聚类法直接聚类;然后,基于改进的K-medoids方法,利用GPS站点地理位置与水平速度场对初步聚类结果联合约束进行第2次聚类分析,并结合F统计检验法确定各块体边界;最后,运用整体旋转线性应变模型计算各块体的应变参数,分析水平运动、应变场空间分布与区域构造变形的关系.研究结果表明：川滇地区的GPS聚类分析结果与地质学提出的板块划分结果相吻合,为块体划分提供另一种方式;整体旋转线性应变模型计算的应变结果显示川滇菱形块体表现为最大剪应变和面应变率梯度高值区,表明该区域积累了一定的弹性应变能,具有发生地震的危险性. 相似文献
7.
基于漂移克里金融合雷达、雨量计定量估测降水研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中介绍了一种新的融合雷达和雨量计数据开展定量估测降水研究的空间信息统计学方法—Kriging with external drift(KED)方法。该方法能很好地融合高精度、低时空分辨率的雨量计数据和低精度、高时空分辨率的雷达数据进行插值。通过变异函数描述降水场的空间结构信息,能够充分利用数据间的空间相关性,来改进估测精度和提高处理速度。利用其优良的数学特性,以期在定量估测降水业务研究上进行新的探索和尝试。选用湖南省有代表意义的3次降水过程资料,通过雷达直接估测降水（RAD）、变分校准（VAR）以及KED 3种方法,分别与雨量计测量值进行对比分析,选用代表站进行交叉验证结果均表明：RAD的均方差、绝对误差、相对误差最大,VAR次之,而KED最小。KED估测的结果与雨量计测量降水最为接近,估测效果最好;3种方法与雨量计实测值计算一定范围的误差频率,KED估测值具有最小的均方差和最小的标准差,且误差分布相对集中在0值附近,斜度和峰度最佳,试验证明该方法不仅能提高降水估测精度,且优于其他方法,VAR均方差次之,RAD均方差效果相对较差。联合雷达、雨量计估测降水的实质是把雷达估测值与雨量计测量的结果相融合,以雨量计来校准雷达估测值,保留了雷达探测到降水的中、小尺度精细特征。校准后的雨量场数值接近雨量计测值,而且能够准确反映雷达测得的降水分布形式。 相似文献
8.
Yu. B. Pavlyukov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2007,32(11):711-718
Results of measurement of rainfall intensity and accumulated amounts with an automated tipping-bucket rain gauge based on an updated DZhO M96-8 precipitation gauge are presented. The measurement were carried out in the town of Dolgoprudny (Moscow region) in 2002–2005. The design, data processing algorithm, and calibration of the tipping-bucket rain gauge are described, and estimates of the measurement error are calculated. Examples of tipping-bucket rain gauge measurements in shower and widespread precipitation are given, along with results of analysis of the statistical structure of precipitation by intensity gradations. The measurement results are compared with those of precipitation gauges, the P-2 recording rain gauge, and the AKSOPRI radar complex. 相似文献
9.
在对比分析质量控制前后雷达估测降水量与自动雨量计降水量之间相关性的基础上,采用雷达-雨量计联合校准方法,对14种不同密度雨量计校准雷达估测降水的效果进行分析。结果表明:在使用雷达资料和雨量计资料前有必要对资料的质量进行分析与控制。联合雨量计校准雷达能明显提高雷达对降水的估测能力;采用不同密度雨量计校准雷达,随着校准雨量计密度的加大,雷达估测降水的精度不断提高并趋于稳定。校准雷达的效果及所需雨量计密度与降水类型有关,当校准效果相同时,积云强降水过程需要的雨量计密度最大,积混对流性降水过程次之,层云稳定性降水过程需要的雨量计密度最小。不同方法的校准效果不同,卡尔曼滤波方法适合于对稳定性降水的校准,或在雨量计密度低的地区对雷达进行校准;变分校准法和最优插值法的校准效果相当,适合对积混对流性降水的校准,或在雨量计密度高的地区对雷达进行校准。 相似文献
10.
聚类分析在人工增雨效果检验中的应用 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
在前人研究工作的基础上，对非随机区域历史回归试验进行了改进，提出了一种新的试验方案——基于聚类的浮动对比区历史回归人工增雨效果统计检验方法（CA-FCM方法），并与浮动对比区历史回归统计检验方法（FCM方法）进行了比较。通过对河南省春季6次作业进行评估得出：由于CA—FCM方法采用了聚类分析，提高了对比区和影响区的相关系数，及引入了整层大气可降水量作为协变量，所以提高了作业区自然降水量估计值的准确性，比FCM方法有更高的效果评估效率。 相似文献
11.
中国降水区划模糊聚类软划分法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用软划分模糊聚类分析法,对中国160个观测站的近50年的年均降水数据进行研究,按降水量的多少和年际变化规律,把中国降水区域划分n类降水带,并研究了聚类参数对于划分结果的影响.进一步研究了经典的5类降水带划分法,发现了一些被分入某一降水带的地区可能具有较大的与其他类别的相似性(如通辽,大连等),研究结论提供了更丰富的隶... 相似文献
12.
The present paper aims of computing climatology and trend analysis of occurrence and intensity of extreme events of precipitation in subregions of Northeast Brazil (NEB). We used daily rainfall data of 148 rain gauges collected from the hydrometeorological network managed by the National Water Agency during 1972 to 2002 and used quantiles technique in order to select rainfall events. Defining heavy rainfall events as those when at least one rain gauge recorded rainfall above the 95th percentile, normal rainfall was between the 45th and 55th percentiles, and weak rainfall events were under the 5th percentile. The Mann-Kendall nonparametric test was used to calculate the linear trend of the quantity and intensity of rainfall events. The NEB was divided in five subregions using the cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance and Ward’s method: Northern coast, Northern semiarid, Northwest, Southern semiarid, and Southern coast. The results suggest that the subregions are less influenced by El Niño and La Niña, and dry areas have higher variability, with the greatest number of intense events. 相似文献
13.
The Indian landmass has been divided into homogeneous clusters by applying the cluster analysis to the probability density function of a century-long time series of daily summer monsoon (June through September) rainfall at 357 grids over India, each of approximately 100 km × 100 km. The analysis gives five clusters over Indian landmass; only cluster 5 happened to be the contiguous region and all other clusters are dispersed away which confirms the erratic behavior of daily rainfall over India. The area averaged seasonal rainfall over cluster 5 has a very strong relationship with Indian summer monsoon rainfall; also, the rainfall variability over this region is modulated by the most important mode of climate system, i.e., El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This cluster could be considered as the representative of the entire Indian landmass to examine monsoon variability. The two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test supports that the cumulative distribution functions of daily rainfall over cluster 5 and India as a whole do not differ significantly. The clustering algorithm is also applied to two time epochs 1901–1975 and 1976–2010 to examine the possible changes in clusters in a recent warming period. The clusters are drastically different in two time periods. They are more dispersed in recent period implying the more erroneous distribution of daily rainfall in recent period.
相似文献14.
集合预报在数值天气预报体系中具有重要地位，因此如何有效提取集合样本信息以提高集合预报技巧一直是一个重要课题。基于中国全球集合预报业务系统（GRAPES-GEPS）的500 hPa高度场集合资料开展对环流集合预报的分类释用方法研究，并对集合聚类预报结果进行了检验分析。通过在传统Ward聚类法中引入动态聚类的“手肘法”方案，发展了环流集合预报分类释用方法。针对该方法的个例分析表明，对于中国中东部地区环流集合预报的聚类释用方法能够有效地划分出最有可能发生的环流形势类型并提供发生概率。确定性预报综合检验结果显示，集合预报聚类结果中发生概率最高的集合大类相对于集合平均的预报技巧有明显提升，并随着预报时效的延长提升更明显。总体来看，通过集合预报的分类释用方法划分环流形势类型可以为天气预报提供参考依据，具有实际应用价值。 相似文献
15.
利用雷达资料对自动雨量计实时质量控制的方法研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
自动雨量计资料是对降水的直接测量,在流域面雨量计算、气候研究、气象服务等方面具有重要意义。但是,由于风力、蒸发、灌溉、校准、漏斗堵塞、机械故障、信号传输等原因往往造成其存在不同类型的系统误差和随机误差, 自动雨量计数据在定量使用前需要进行质量控制。目前,天气雷达以其高时空分辨率的优势已经成为监测降水的重要手段,本文首先采用两步校准法改善雷达估测降水,然后对雷达—雨量计对之间的差异进行统计学的分析,确定自动雨量计质量控制的一些标准,从而对雨量计进行质量控制。最后用两个降水过程对自动雨量计质量控制的结果进行了检验,结果表明:两步校准法改善了雷达估测降水的系统性偏差,并减小了雨量计站点上的相对误差;可以利用雷达估测降水实现对自动雨量计的实时质量控制,就整个数据集而言,约0.1%的数据被怀疑为误判,误判的自动雨量计主要位于雨带的边缘。但该质量控制算法同时也存在一定的局限性:在雨带的边缘或没有天气雷达覆盖的区域,以及雷达资料存在数据质量问题的情况下,往往会造成对雨量计的误判。 相似文献
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18.
Identification of Convective and Stratiform Clouds Based on the Improved DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm
Yuanyuan ZUO Zhiqun HU Shujie YUAN Jiafeng ZHENG Xiaoyan YIN Boyong LI 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):2203-2212
A convective and stratiform cloud classification method for weather radar is proposed based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. To identify convective and stratiform clouds in different developmental phases, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models are proposed by applying reflectivity factors at 0.5° and at 0.5°, 1.5°, and 2.4° elevation angles, respectively. According to the thresholds of the algorithm, which include echo intensity, the echo top height of 35 dBZ (ET), density threshold, and ε neighborhood, cloud clusters can be marked into four types: deep-convective cloud (DCC), shallow-convective cloud (SCC), hybrid convective-stratiform cloud (HCS), and stratiform cloud (SFC) types. Each cloud cluster type is further identified as a core area and boundary area, which can provide more abundant cloud structure information. The algorithm is verified using the volume scan data observed with new-generation S-band weather radars in Nanjing, Xuzhou, and Qingdao. The results show that cloud clusters can be intuitively identified as core and boundary points, which change in area continuously during the process of convective evolution, by the improved DBSCAN algorithm. Therefore, the occurrence and disappearance of convective weather can be estimated in advance by observing the changes of the classification. Because density thresholds are different and multiple elevations are utilized in the 3D model, the identified echo types and areas are dissimilar between the 2D and 3D models. The 3D model identifies larger convective and stratiform clouds than the 2D model. However, the developing convective clouds of small areas at lower heights cannot be identified with the 3D model because they are covered by thick stratiform clouds. In addition, the 3D model can avoid the influence of the melting layer and better suggest convective clouds in the developmental stage. 相似文献
19.
漂移克里金方法在雷达和雨量计联合估测降水中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文中介绍了一种新的融合雷达和雨量计数据开展定量估测降水研究的空间信息统计学方法-Kriging with externaldrift(KED)方法.该方法能很好地融合高精度、低时空分辨率的雨量计数据和低精度、高时空分辨率的雷达数据进行插值.通过变异函数描述降水场的空间结构信息,能够充分利用数据间的空间相关性,来改进估测精度和提高处理速度.利用其优良的数学特性,以期在定量估测降水业务研究上进行新的探索和尝试.选用湖南省有代表意义的3次降水过程资料,通过雷达直接估测降水(RAD)、变分校准(VAR)以及KED3种方法,分别与雨量计测量值进行对比分析,选用代表站进行交叉验证结果均表明:RAD的均方差、绝对误差、相对误差最大,VAR次之,而KED最小.KED估测的结果与雨量计测量降水最为接近,估测效果最好;3种方法与雨量计实测值计算一定范围的误差频率,KED估测值具有最小的均方差和最小的标准差,且误差分布相对集中在0值附近,斜度和峰度最佳,试验证明该方法不仅能提高降水估测精度,且优于其他方法,VAR均方差次之,RAD均方差效果相对较差.联合雷达、雨量计估测降水的实质是把雷达估测值与雨量计测量的结果相融合,以雨量计来校准雷达估测值,保留了雷达探测剑降水的中、小尺度精细特征.校准后的雨量场数值接近雨量计测值,而且能够准确反映雷达测得的降水分布形式. 相似文献
20.
雷达雨量计资料用于径流模拟(英) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用测雨雷达结合稠密和稀疏雨量站网估计流域降水分布,将小同方法获得的降水分布输入降水径流模型TOPMODEL,模拟1998,1999夏季GAME/HUBEX试验区梅山和鲇鱼山集水区的径流,并与实测径流进行比较和分析,结果表明:1)雷达结合集水区内雨量计网模拟径流的精度优于传统的用稠密雨量计网模拟径流的精度;2)利用雷达结合集水区外相对稀疏的雨量计网模拟径流的精度和用集水区内稠密雨量计网模拟径流的精度相当,显示了测雨雷达在径流模拟和洪水预报中极大的应用潜力。 相似文献