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1.
The sulfur isotopic composition of the Herrin (No. 6) Coal from several localities in the Illinois Basin was measured. The sediments immediately overlying these coal beds range from marine shales and limestones to non-marine shales. Organic sulfur, disseminated pyrite, and massive pyrite were extracted from hand samples taken in vertical sections.The δ 34S values from low-sulfur coals (< 0.8% organic sulfur) underlying nonmarine shale were +3.4 to +7.3%0 for organic sulfur, +1.8 to +16.8%0 for massive pyrite, and +3.9 to +23.8%0 for disseminated pyrite. In contrast, the δ 34S values from high-sulfur coals (> 0.8% organic sulfur) underlying marine sediments were more variable: organic sulfur, ?7.7 to +0.5%0, pyrites, ?17.8 to +28.5%0. In both types of coal, organic sulfur is typically enriched in 34S relative to pyritic sulfur.In general, δ 34S values increased from the top to the base of the bed. Vertical and lateral variations in δ 34S are small for organic sulfur but are large for pyritic sulfur. The sulfur content is relatively constant throughout the bed, with organic sulfur content greater than disseminated pyrite content. The results indicate that most of the organic sulfur in high-sulfur coals is derived from post-depositional reactions with a 34S-depleted source. This source is probably related to bacterial reduction of dissolved sulfate in Carboniferous seawater during a marine transgression after peat deposition. The data suggest that sulfate reduction occurred in an open system initially, and then continued in a closed system as sea water penetrated the bed.Organic sulfur in the low-sulfur coals appears to reflect the original plant sulfur, although diagenetic changes in content and isotopic composition of this fraction cannot be ruled out. The wide variability of the δ 34S in pyrite fractions suggests a complex origin involving varying extents of microbial H2S production from sulfate reservoirs of different isotopic compositions. The precipitation of pyrite may have begun soon after deposition and continued throughout the coalification process.  相似文献   

2.
Abundances of organic carbon, sulfur, and reactive iron in sediments of three upwelling environments (Peru, Oman and Benguela) suggest that organic carbon/reduced sulfur ratios (C/S-ratios) in this category of marine sediments deviate considerably from previously established empirical ratios in normal marine sediments. To clarify the discrepancies, we investigated those components of the diagenetic system that limit the formation of pyrite: sulfate concentrations and reduction rates in pore waters, availability of reactive iron, and the quantity and quality of organic matter. All three limitations are evident in our sample pools. The results suggest that C/S-ratios in recent and fossil marine sediments rich in organic matter may be unsuitable as paleoenvironmental indicators.
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3.
甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)在调控全球甲烷收支平衡以及缓解因甲烷引起的温室效应等方面扮演着十分重要的角色,成为近些年来海洋生物地球化学领域的研究热点之一.一般而言,海洋沉积物孔隙水硫酸盐还原主要是通过2种反应途径来完成,即氧化有机质途径和AOM途径.长期以来,与有机质氧化途径相关的硫酸盐还原作用研究已有充分展示,而由AOM驱动的硫酸盐还原及其对自生硫化铁形成与埋藏的重要贡献却被严重低估.侧重从生物地球化学、同位素地球化学等角度,综述近些年来不同环境条件下海洋沉积物AOM作用发生的地球化学证据和AOM对沉积物孔隙水硫酸盐消耗比例的贡献大小及其调控因素.AOM过程产生的H2S会与沉积物中活性铁结合形成自生铁硫化物.与沉积物浅表层条件相比,AOM过程固定的自生铁硫化物不容易发生再氧化,更利于在沉积物中埋藏保存起来.AOM与海洋沉积物硫酸盐还原作用相偶联,由AOM驱动的硫酸盐还原过程对海底自生铁硫化物形成与埋藏的重要贡献不容忽视.该综述有助加深对海洋沉积物AOM作用的认识及其对硫循环的全面理解.  相似文献   

4.
Pyritization in late Pleistocene sediments of the Black Sea is driven by sulfide formed during anaerobic methane oxidation. A sulfidization front is formed by the opposing gradients of sulfide and dissolved iron. The sulfidization processes are controlled by the diffusion flux of sulfide from above and by the solid reactive iron content. Two processes of diffusion-limited pyrite formation were identified. The first process includes pyrite precipitation with the accumulation of iron sulfide precursors with the average chemical composition of FeSn (n = 1.10-1.29), including greigite. Elemental sulfur and polysulfides, formed from H2S by a reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-containing minerals, serve as intermediates to convert iron sulfides into pyrite. In the second process, a “direct” pyrite precipitation occurs through prolonged exposure of iron-containing minerals to dissolved sulfide. Methane-driven sulfate reduction at depth causes a progressive formation of pyrite with a δ34S of up to +15.0‰. The S-isotopic composition of FeS2 evolves due to contributions of different sulfur pools formed at different times. Steady-state model calculations for the advancement of the sulfidization front showed that the process started at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition between 6360 and 11 600 yr BP. Our study highlights the importance of anaerobic methane oxidation in generating and maintaining S-enriched layers in marine sediments and has paleoenvironmental implications.  相似文献   

5.
Syngenetic iron sulfides in sediments are formed from dissolved sulfide resulting from sulfate reduction and catabolism of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria. It has been shown that in recent marine sediments deposited below oxygenated waters there is a constant relationship between reduced sulfur and organic carbon which is generally independent of the environment of deposition. Reexamination of data from recent sediments from euxinic marine environments (e.g., the Black Sea) also shows a linear relationship between carbon and sulfur, but the slope is variable and the line intercepts the S axis at a value between 1 and 2 percent S. It is proposed that the positive S intercept is due to watercolumn microbial reduction of sulfate using metabolizable small organic molecules and the sulfide formed is precipitated and accumulates at the sediment-water interface. The variation in slope and intercept of the C to S plots for several cores and for different stratigraphic zones for the Black Sea can be interpreted in relation to thickness of the aqueous sulfide layer or thinness of the oxygen containing layer and to deposition rate, but also may be influenced by availability of iron, and perhaps the type of organic matter (Leventhal, 1979).  相似文献   

6.
《Chemical Geology》2004,203(1-2):153-168
The importance of the magnetic iron sulfide minerals, greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrrhotite (Fe7S8), is often underappreciated in geochemical studies because they are metastable with respect to pyrite (FeS2). Based on magnetic properties and X-ray diffraction analysis, previous studies have reported widespread occurrences of these magnetic minerals along with magnetite (Fe3O4) in two thick Plio-Pleistocene marine sedimentary sequences from southwestern Taiwan. Different stratigraphic zones were classified according to the dominant magnetic mineral assemblages (greigite-, pyrrhotite-, and magnetite-dominated zones). Greigite and pyrrhotite are intimately associated with fine-grained sediments, whereas magnetite is more abundant in coarse-grained sediments. We measured total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS), total iron (FeT), 1N HCl extractable iron (FeA), and bulk sediment grain size for different stratigraphic zones in order to understand the factors governing the formation and preservation of the two magnetic iron sulfide minerals. The studied sediments have low TS/FeA weight ratios (0.03–0.2), far below that of pyrite (1.15), which indicates that an excess of reactive iron was available for pyritization. Observed low TS (0.05–0.27%) is attributed to the low organic carbon contents (TOC=0.25–0.55%), which resulted from dilution by rapid terrigenous sedimentation. The fine-grained sediments also have the highest FeT and FeA values. We suggest that under conditions of low organic carbon provision, the high iron activity in the fine-grained sediments may have removed reduced sulfur so effectively that pyritization was arrested or retarded, which, in turn, favored preservation of the intermediate magnetic iron sulfides. The relative abundances of reactive iron and labile organic carbon appear to have controlled the transformation pathway of amorphous FeS into greigite or into pyrrhotite. Compared to pyrrhotite-dominated sediments, greigite-dominated sediments are finer-grained and have higher FeA but lower TS. We suggest that diagenetic environments with higher supply of reactive iron, lower supply of labile organic matter, and, consequently, lower sulfide concentration result in relatively high Eh conditions, which favor formation of greigite relative to pyrrhotite.  相似文献   

7.
Here, we present new measurements of 32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S in sedimentary sulfides and couple these measurements with modeling treatments to study the sulfur cycle of a late Paleoproterozoic marine basin. We target the transition in ocean chemistry from the deposition of Paleoproterozoic iron formations (Gunflint Formation, Biwabik Formation, Trommald Formation, and Mahnomen iron formations) to the inferred sulfidic ocean conditions recorded by overlying shale (Rove Formation). The data suggest that certain features of the global sulfur cycle, such as a control by sulfate reducing prokaryotes, and low (mM) concentrations of oceanic sulfate, were maintained across this transition. This suggests that the transition was associated with changes in the structure of the basin-scale sulfur cycle during deposition of these sediments. Sulfide data from the iron formations are interpreted to reflect sedimentary sulfides formed from microbial reduction of pore-water sulfate that was supplied through steady-state exchange with an overlying oceanic sulfate reservoir. The sulfide data for the euxinic Rove Formation shales reflect the operation of a sulfur cycle that included the loss of sulfide by a Rayleigh-like process. We suggest that the prevalence of large and variable heavy isotope enrichments observed in Rove Formation sulfide minerals reflect a sustained and significant net loss of sulfide from the euxinic water column, either as a result of a shallow chemocline and degassing to the atmosphere or as a result of a water column pyrite sink. The inclusion of 36S measurements (in addition to 32S, 33S, and 34S) illustrates the mass-dependent character of these sedimentary environments, ruling out contributions from the weathering of Archean sulfides and pointing to at least modest levels of sustained atmospheric oxygen (>10−5 present atmospheric levels of O2).  相似文献   

8.
沉积过程对自生黄铁矿硫同位素的约束   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  
自生黄铁矿是海洋沉积物中还原态硫的主要赋存形式,其形成过程与有机质矿化相关,影响全球的C-S-Fe生物地球化学循环。自生黄铁矿硫同位素分馏主要受微生物硫酸盐还原的控制,但近期的研究成果表明局部沉积环境的改变也可以影响黄铁矿硫同位素的组成,特别是在浅海环境。在浅海非稳态沉积环境内,物理再改造和生物扰动作用,导致硫酸盐还原带内生成的硫化物被再氧化,进而影响黄铁矿的硫同位素值。浅海沉积过程容易受到古气候和海平面变化的影响,引起沉积速率的剧烈波动,导致有机质和活性铁输入的不稳定,进而影响成岩系统的开放性和硫酸盐还原速率,最终影响黄铁矿的硫同位素值。另外,沉积速率的改变还影响硫酸盐—甲烷转换带的迁移,造成有机质和甲烷厌氧氧化硫酸盐还原的相互转化,产生不同的硫同位素信号。东海内陆架泥质区为研究沉积过程对自生黄铁矿的形成及其硫同位素组成的约束机制提供了很好的研究材料。该区域有很好的沉积学研究基础,自生黄铁矿丰富、并且个别层位有生物气（甲烷为主）存在,是研究边缘海C-S-Fe循环的理想场所。  相似文献   

9.
The early diagenetic characteristics of pyrite formation processes in a Miocene freshwater sequence of mixed sediments （coal fragments in clays, sandstones or shales） alternating with continuous brown coal layers was investigated. Based on abundant minerals, the following main sedimentary environments were distinguished： the illite-montmorillonitic （I-M）, calcitic （Ct） and coal-forming environment （CL）. For these hydrogeochemically differing environments the effects of limiting factors on the pyrite formation process （availability of sulphate and Fe, amount of organic matter and participation of organic sulphur） were assessed by correlation analysis. Significant differences in the effects of these limiting factors in the particular environments were observed. These differences were explained taking in account the different oxidative activity, Fe-complex and surface complex forming properties of humic substances in dependence of pH of environment and the abundance of sorptionally active clay minerals. In environments having a relatively low pH and containing clay minerals （I-M- and CL-environments） the oxidative activity of humic substances （Hs） on pyrite precursors was greatly prevented however pyrite formation depended on reactive Fe availability as the consequence of complex formation. On the contrary, in environments with a relatively high pH, as it was the calcitic, the oxidative activity of Hs was greatly enhanced, thus oxidizing the sulfur precursors of pyrite. The oxidation degree of organic matter was probably also a consequence of the differing activity of the humic electron-acceptors.  相似文献   

10.
In present day marine sediments, almost all of which are deposited in normal oxygenated seawater, rates of burial of organic carbon (C) and pyrite sulfur (S) correlate positively and bear a constant ratio to one another (C/S ～- 3 on a weight basis). By contrast, calculations, based on the isotopic model of Garrels and Lerman (1981), indicate that at various times during the Phanerozoic the worldwide burial ratio must have been considerably different than the present day value. This ratio change is caused by the requirement that, increases in the worldwide mass of organic carbon must be accompanied by equivalent decreases in the mass of sedimentary pyrite sulfur, in order to maintain a roughly constant level of O2 in the atmosphere. Such apparently contradictory behavior can be explained if the locus of major organic carbon burial has shifted over time from normal marine environments, as at present, to non-marine freshwater, or to euxinic environments, in the geologic past. A shift to predominantly freshwater burial can help explain predicted high C/S ratios in Permo-Carboniferous sediments, and a shift to euxinic environments can help explain predicted low C/S ratios during the early Paleozoic. It is demonstrated that the three environments today exhibit distinguishably different average C/S ratios.  相似文献   

11.
The Tono sandstone-type uranium mine area, middle Honsyu, Japan is composed of Miocene lacustrine sedimentary rocks in the lower part (18–22 Ma) and marine facies in the upper part (15–16 Ma). Calcite and pyrite occur as dominant diagenetic alteration products in these Neogene sedimentary rocks. The characteristics of calcite and pyrite differ significantly between lacustrine and marine facies. Abundant pyrite, calcite, organic matter, and small amounts of marcasite or pyrrhotite occur in the lacustrine facies, whereas small amounts of calcite and framboidal pyrite, organic matter and no marcasite or pyrrhotite are found within the marine units. The δ13C values of calcite in the lacustrine deposits are low (−19 to −6‰ PDB) but those in marine formation are high (−11 to +3‰). This implies that the contribution of marine carbonate is larger in upper marine sedimentary rocks, and carbon in calcite in the lower lacustrine formation was derived both from oxidation of organic matter and from dissolved marine inorganic carbon. The δ34S values of framboidal pyrite in the upper marine formation are low (−14 to −8‰ CDT), indicating a small extent of bacterial seawater sulfate reduction, whereas those of euhedral-subhedral pyrite in the lower lignite-bearing arkose sandstone are high (+10 to +43‰), implying a large extent of closed-system bacterial seawater sulfate reduction. The δ34S and δ13C data which deviate from a negative correlation line toward higher δ13C values suggest methanogenic CO2 production. During diagenesis of the lacustrine unit, large amounts of euhedral-subhedral pyrite were formed, facilitated by extensive bacterial reduction of seawater sulfate with concomitant oxidation of organic matter, and by hydrolysis reactions of organic matter, producing CH4 and CO2. Uranium minerals (coffinite and uraninite) were also formed at this stage by the reduction of U6+ to U4+. The conditions of diagenetic alteration within the lacustrine deposits and uranium mineralization is characterized by low Eh in which nearly equal concentrations of CH4 and HCO3 − existed and reduced sulfur species (H2S, HS−) are predominant among aqueous sulfur species, whereas diagenetic alteration of the marine formations was characterized by a predominance of SO4 2− among dissolved sulfur species. Modern groundwater in the lacustrine formation has a low Eh value (−335 mV). Estimated and measured low Eh values of modern and ancient interstitial waters in lacustrine environments indicate that a reducing environment in which U4+ is stable has been maintained since precipitation of uranium minerals. Received: 9 February 1996 / Accepted: 11 April 1997  相似文献   

12.
黄铁矿是富有机质沉积的特征矿物。根据TOC/S、TOC/DOP、S/Fe关系以及S TOC Fe多重线性回归分析结果对三水盆地古近系〖HT5”,6”〗土〖KG-*3〗布〖HT5”SS〗心组红岗段黑色页岩中沉积黄铁矿的形成及其控制因素进行了分析。土布心组红岗段黑色页岩的黄铁矿有成岩黄铁矿和同生黄铁矿两种成因组分。红岗段下部（亚段A）有机碳含量普遍较低,底部水体以弱氧化条件为主,硫酸盐还原作用发生于沉积物/水界面以下,黄铁矿为成岩成因,其形成主要受有机质的限制。红岗段中上部（亚段B和C）的沉积条件变化频繁,其有机碳含量变化幅度大。富有机质（TOC>4%）岩层形成于缺氧的底部水体条件下。水体中可含H2S,碎屑铁矿物在埋藏之前即与之在水体中反应形成同生黄铁矿。这一过程不受有机质的限制,而是受活性铁与H2S接触时间的限制。同时,由于大量淡水输入导致硫酸盐浓度的降低,从而对硫化物形成有一定的限制作用。对于低有机质（TOC<4%）样品,黄铁矿由同生和成岩组分组成。其中以成岩黄铁矿为主,其形成过程主要受有机质限制,而同生黄铁矿受铁矿物与H2S接触时间的限制。  相似文献   

13.
董宏坤  万世明  刘喜停 《沉积学报》2022,40(5):1172-1187
海洋沉积物的早期成岩作用是其沉积和埋藏过程中发生的一系列生物、物理和化学变化,其驱动力为有机质的降解,根据反应自由能大小,参与反应的氧化剂顺序为:O2>NO3->Mn4+>Fe3+>SO42-。随着埋深增加,形成一系列氧化—还原化学带,并推动着海底沉积物中部分自生矿物的生成及C、N、S、Fe、Mn等元素的地球化学循环和同位素分馏。一系列有机质降解反应会改变原生沉积物中保存的地球化学信息,对古环境和古气候的研究具有重要意义。在早期成岩作用过程中,有机质降解产生的碳酸根离子和钙离子、亚铁离子结合会形成方解石、文石、菱铁矿等碳酸盐矿物。硫酸盐还原产生的还原态硫最终与亚铁离子形成黄铁矿。此外,目前常用于氧化还原环境重建的代用指标有:1）Fe组分;2）Corg/P比值;3）氧化还原敏感微量元素;4）Mo、U同位素。围绕海洋沉积物早期成岩作用中的矿物和元素地球化学行为,评述了早期成岩作用过程中有机质降解反应机制,探讨了反应进程中发生的元素地球化学循环和同位素分馏,以及相伴生的碳酸盐矿物和黄铁矿等自生矿物的形成机理。最后,总结了现有研究的不足,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

14.
滨海红树林泥炭沉积物中硫的赋存特点及其控制因素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
海南和厦门两地滨海红树林沉积物和埋藏泥炭中硫的成分分析表明,滨海红树林沉积物和泥炭中的硫以硫化铁硫为主,有机硫次之,硫酸盐硫含量最低。泥炭沉积物中硫的赋存形式和特点与沉积环境密切相关。海南福田地区红树林泥炭沉积物主要形成于红树林潮上坪和泥炭坪,硫含量较高,平均为2.60%,且有机硫含量与有机碳含量呈正相关,而硫化铁硫含量与有机碳含量没有明显的相关性;厦门海沧镇红树林泥炭沉积物形成于红树林潮间坪以及潮道环境,硫含量较低,平均值仅为0.43%,形态硫和有机质的相关性与海南红树林泥炭地沉积物相反。红树林泥炭沉积物中铁的硫化物主要以黄铁矿形式产出,且以莓球状形态为主。研究表明,黄铁矿与次生有机硫的生成与微生物活动密切相关,造成红树林泥炭中硫含量差异最主要的原因不是硫源,而是有机质的供给与沉积微环境的影响。现代滨海红树林泥炭沼泽中硫的赋存特征将对煤中硫成因的研究提供重要的科学依据。  相似文献   

15.
胡永亮  王伟  周传明 《沉积学报》2020,38(1):138-149
地质历史时期新元古代大气氧含量普遍较低。在硫酸盐还原细菌作用下,作为海洋重要的氧化性离子,陆源硫酸根离子有效促进了深层海水的氧化进程。在此过程中,硫元素在硫酸根和黄铁矿之间发生显著同位素分馏,其分馏程度可反推当时古海洋的氧化还原状态。沉积地层中的黄铁矿普遍具有多种形态,不同形态黄铁矿的形成环境多有不同。如草莓状黄铁矿多形成于底层缺氧水体或沉积物的浅表面,而大颗粒单晶黄铁矿或脉状黄铁矿则多沉积于成岩早期的沉积物孔隙或形成于成岩后期的热液改造。与草莓状黄铁矿不同,大颗粒单晶或脉状黄铁矿的硫同位素组成并不能反映沉积时期的古海洋氧化还原条件。判定沉积地层中不同形态的黄铁矿及形成过程,是获得有效反映海洋沉积环境硫同位素组成特征的基本前提。简要总结了地质历史时期沉积地层中的黄铁矿类型及矿物形成过程,并以华南埃迪卡拉纪蓝田组岩芯样品为例,识别出各个样品中的黄铁矿形态组成特征,对比分析了全岩黄铁矿与样品中大颗粒黄铁矿硫同位素组成差异。研究结果表明:不同岩性样品中黄铁矿的形态种类及含量均存在差异。页岩样品保存有更好形态的自形晶以及草莓状黄铁矿;碳酸盐岩样品中具有较多自形晶以及他形晶黄铁矿,并且其中的少量草莓状黄铁矿遭受后期成岩作用而发生不同程度的晶体蚀变。样品中大颗粒黄铁矿的硫同位素值（δ34SL-pyr）通常显著高于全岩黄铁矿的硫同位素值（δ34ST-pyr）,最大差值可达48.5‰。在利用黄铁矿的硫同位素组成来反推当时古海洋环境时,需要区分不同形态黄铁矿,仔细剔除大颗粒黄铁矿,降低成岩期黄铁矿对样品中硫同位素组成的影响。更细致的微区黄铁矿硫同位素分析工作将依赖于SIMS分析测试手段进行。  相似文献   

16.
We report solid phase sulfur speciation of six cores from sediments underlying oxic, suboxic and anoxic-sulfidic waters of the Black Sea. Our dataset includes the five sulfur species [pyrite-sulfur, acid volatile sulfides (AVS), zerovalent sulfur (S(0)), organic polysulfides (RSx), humic sulfur] together with reactive iron and manganese, as quantified by dithionite extraction, and total organic carbon. Pyrite – sulfur was the major phase in all cores [200-400 µmol (g dry wt)- 1] except for the suboxic core. However, zerovalent sulfur and humic sulfur also reached very significant levels: up to about 109 and 80 µmol (g dry wt)- 1, respectively. Humic sulfur enrichment was observed in the surface fluff layers of the eastern central basin sediments where Unit-1 type depositional conditions prevail. Elemental sulfur accumulated as a result of porewater sulfide oxidation by reactive iron oxides in turbidities from the anoxic basin margin and western central basin sediments. The accumulation of elemental sulfur to a level close to that of pyrite-S in any part of central Black Sea sediments has never been reported before and our finding indicates deep basin turbidites prevent the build-up of dissolved sulfide in the sediment. This process also contributes to diagenetic pyrite formation whereas in the non-turbiditic parts of the deep basin water column formed (syngenetic) pyrite dominates the sulfur inventory. In slope sediments under suboxic waters, organic sulfur (humic sulfur + organic polysulfides) account for 33-42% of total solid phase S, indicating that the suboxic conditions favor organosulfur formation. Our study shows that the interactions between depositional patterns (Unit 1 vs. turbidite), redox state of overlying waters (oxic-suboxic-sulfidic) and organic matter content determine sulfur speciation and enable the accumulation of elemental sulfur and organic sulfur species close to a level of pyrite-S.  相似文献   

17.
庄汉平  卢家烂 《地质论评》1997,43(4):373-380
白果园银（钒）矿产于震旦系陡山沱组黑色色岩系中。矿床的地球化学和有机地球化学研究表明，黑色页岩含丰富以低等海生生物为主的腐泥型有机质，黑色页岩形成于局限的滞留海盆。  相似文献   

18.
We present the results of compound-specific sulfur isotope analyses performed on organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) isolated from sediments deposited in the euxinic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Individual OSCs (sulfurized highly branched isoprenoids and malabaricatriene) have sulfur isotope compositions of ca. −15‰, which is 34S enriched by 5-15‰ relative to coeval bulk organic and inorganic sulfur pools. These observed differences in the sulfur isotope composition of bulk organic sulfur in the kerogen and bitumen pools and individual OSCs demonstrate that there are multiple pathways of organic sulfur formation operating simultaneously in marine sediments. Comparison of our measured compound-specific sulfur isotope data with values predicted using simple isotopic mass balance assumptions suggests that the sulfurization process likely involves multiple sources of inorganic sulfur. Further, the isotopic composition of these various precursor inorganic sulfur species and the specific pathway of sulfur incorporation into organic matter (OM) impart distinct isotopic compositions to the resulting organic sulfur compounds. These data represent the first compound-specific sulfur isotope measurements made in marine sediments, and demonstrate the utility of compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis in identification of inorganic sulfur sources for OM sulfurization and tracking pathways of sulfur incorporation, which will lead to a more complete understanding of diagenetic sulfurization of OM.  相似文献   

19.
Sulfur isotopic studies of pyrite from metasediments in the >2.6 Byr old Deer Lake green-stone sequence, Minnesota, have been conducted in order to evaluate the possible importance of sulfate reducing bacteria in sulfide formation. Pyrite occurs as ovules up to 2 cm in diameter within graphitic slates, and as fine disseminations in metagraywacke units. SEM studies indicate the pyrite is framboidal in morphology.δ34S values of pyrite from the Deer Lake sediments range from ?2.3 to 11.1‰, with a peak at ~ +2‰ Isotopic data are consistent with either high temperature inorganic reduction of circulating seawater sulfate, or low temperature bacterial reduction. However, the lack of sulfide bands or massive occurrences in the sediments, the restriction of pyrite mineralization to the sediments, and the absence of evidence for hot spring activity suggest that a diagenetic origin of pyrite is more feasible. Sulfide in such an environment would be produced principally by the action of sulfate reducing bacteria.Results of the study are in agreement with those of Goodwinet al. (1976) who suggest that dissimilatory sulfate reduction was operative in the Archean ocean some 2.75 Byr ago.  相似文献   

20.
Jurassic high-sulfur coals from the Maghara area in Egypt were analyzed for the abundance and isotopic composition of different forms of sulfur. Analyses indicated that the sulfur occurs in the form of organic, pyrite, and sulfate forms. Pyrite sulfur represents the major fraction, while sulfate sulfur is minor and could be formed during sample preparation for the analyses.The δ34S CDT values of the organic sulfur are positive ranging between 1.0‰ and 13.5‰ with an average of 9.1‰. Pyrite δ34S values are also positive ranging between 1.5‰ and 15.4‰ with an average of 6.6‰. The high δ34S values of the organic sulfur in the Maghara coals suggest a freshwater origin of the organic components of these coals. The lack of correlation between pyrite and organic sulfur isotopes implies different incorporation mechanisms of sulfur. The high-sulfur contents along with the positive and high δ34S values suggest a marine origin of pyrite sulfur and support the geological interpretation of marine invasion after the peat formation that was responsible for the incorporation of the pyrite sulfur.The occurrence of pyrite as euhedral crystals as well as the high and positive δ34S values of the pyrite sulfur indicates the formation of pyrite during diagenesis as a result of marine water invasion of the preexisting peat in a brackish coastal plain environment.  相似文献   

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