共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
采用M ann-Kendall法和最小方差法,对大沽夹河流域1966~2004年逐月实测径流数据进行均值变点分析。根据分析结果,将径流划分为水文变化特征相似的A(1966~1971年)、B(1972~1981年)、C(1982~1996年)、D(1997~2004年)4个时段。在此基础上借鉴年降水年内分配的向量法,提出了量化径流年内分配的集中度和集中期。结果表明:1.大沽夹河的不同水文年,其径流年内分配的特征不同。时段A集中度最小,时段D最大,4个时段变差系数为0.12。时段A和时段C的集中期比较接近,最大径流出现的时间均在7月下旬,时段B和时段D的集中期比较相似,最大径流出现的时间在8月中下旬。径流年内分配与降水年内分配两者呈显著正相关。2.用月径流量计算的集中度比径流年内不均匀系数具有更高的分辨能力和有效性,用月径流量计算的集中期对应的月份与月径流最大值出现的实际月份完全一致,径流集中度、集中期能够充分定量地表征径流在年内分配的非均匀性。 相似文献
2.
洞庭湖年径流泥沙的演变特征及其动因 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
通过对洞庭湖1951~1998年径流泥沙演变过程及其驱动力的全面分析表明, 径流泥沙关系密切, 其相关系数r = 0.9013。年径流量、年输沙量总体均呈同步减少趋势, 在演变过程中表现出明显的阶段性。由于湘、资、沅、澧四水流域产水量大, 森林覆盖率达52%以上, 连年兴建的水利工程及工农业、生活用水量的增加, 未能对四水河流水文特征产生根本性的影响, 其入湖径流泥沙基本处于稳定状态, 故没有对湖泊径流泥沙的演变造成深刻影响。而由长江中游河段的调弦口堵口, 下荆江系统裁弯和葛洲坝截流所引起的3次江湖水沙关系调整, 即是导致洞庭湖径流泥沙缓减速减的主动因子。 相似文献
3.
4.
荆江南岸主要河流入湖水沙及其对洞庭湖的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文依据１９５１￣１９９１年实测的水文资料，全面估算了长江中游荆江南岸主要河流入湖径流量、输沙量；从多方面分析了径流泥沙的变化规律及其对当今洞庭湖所产生的一系列重大影响。 相似文献
5.
采用1960-2012年黄河源径流、降水数据,以过程线法、集中度和集中期等方法分析黄河沿以上、黄河沿-吉迈、吉迈-玛曲、玛曲-唐乃亥等4个区段降水、径流的演变特征,并从降水的产流能力、时滞相关和集中期响应等角度分析径流对降水的响应。结果表明：黄河源径流汛期占比年际变化趋势自上游各区段呈不显著的增加-减少-增加-减少的特征。吉迈以上径流量年际变化呈不显著增加,吉迈以下呈减少趋势。各区段径流集中期均有不同程度的提前。下游径流集中期早于上游。黄河源汛期降水占比呈不显著下降趋势。4个区段自上游降水年际变化呈显著增加-显著增加-不显著减少-不显著增加的特征。降水的集中度分布较径流更为集中,且有不显著减少趋势。各区段降水的产流能力在20世纪80年代末至90年代中期出现弱化趋势,中上游在2005年左右降水的产流能力转为较分析时段初期有增强的趋势,而中下游一直较分析时段初期减小。不同区段年径流量与不同统计时段降水量的依存关系不同。黄河源玛曲以上径流相对于降水的集中期滞后天数呈不显著减少,玛曲-唐乃亥滞后天数略有增加。 相似文献
6.
7.
以纵向岭谷区的怒江跨境径流量观测数据为基础,应用统计分析方法,研究了怒江跨境径流量的变化特征和规律.结论为:怒江的跨境径流量主要集中在雨季(5～10月),其间的径流量约占全年的82%,径流量的这种年内变化特征说明怒江在年内为雨水补给为主的河流;雨季的怒江跨境径流量在年跨境径流总量中的比重从20世纪60年代中期以来总体是呈下降的趋势;从年际变化上来说,怒江属于高山冰雪融水和雨水混合补给型河流,从20世纪70年代开始,怒江跨境径流量的年际变化就开始呈显著增加的时间演变趋势;径流量最长有可达6个月的持续性,出现在9月;总体来看,怒江跨境径流量的年代际大尺度变化特征主要表现在20世纪80年代的中期以前,径流量相对来说是比较少的,而从80年代的中期以后有明显增加的趋势;怒江跨境径流量的变化主要是由于纵向岭谷区西南季风环流系统活动的变化造成的,至少在夏季风活动期间是这样. 相似文献
8.
策勒河出山径流特征及其趋势 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
根据策勒河近50年水文及气象资料,利用经验频率、Mann-Kendall非参数检验和非线性回归分析等方法,分析策勒河径流量的变化特征、变化趋势及其对气候的响应.结果表明:策勒河径流年内分配不均,夏、秋季偏丰,5～9月径流量占全年88.70%;冬、春季偏枯,10月到次年4月径流量占全年11.30%,策勒河变差系数为0.21,径流最大值与最小值之比为2.53,河流年际变化相对稳定;Mann-Kendall检验得出近十年出山径流量有减少的趋势;月平均流量与月平均降水量、月平均蒸发量和月平均气温之间存在复杂的非线性关系,非线性回归模型模拟的月平均流量与实测值对比,确定系数为0.73,模拟效果较好,月平均蒸发量与月平均流量呈负相关. 相似文献
9.
青藏高原年楚河流域径流变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于青藏高原河流年楚河1961-2000年天然径流量资料,选用Mann-Kendal分析方法和小波分析等方法对年楚河径流变化特征进行研究。结果表明：年楚河流域径流量年际变化相对平稳,年内分配极不均衡。丰水季节与枯水季节径流量相差悬殊,6-9月径流量占全年65%,最大月径流量占全年百分比达24.56%;在1961-2000年中,年楚河径流量呈现显著增加趋势,在1985年左右径流量发生突变性增加;日喀则和江孜两站5-8年左右时间尺度的周期震荡最显著,其次10-15年左右时间尺度的周期震荡也较为显著,两站径流量变化的主周期分别为5年和7年,次周期分别为13和12年。年楚河流域气温升高引起冰川融水增加可能是年楚河径流量增加的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
跨流域引水工程对祖厉河流域径流的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
祖厉河流域在黄土高原干旱半干旱区是一个十分典型的流域,河流径流量的变化主要受降水、下垫面、人类活动等因素的影响.引黄灌溉回归水的加入,增大了河流天然径流量,并且回归水对枯期径流的影响更为显著.考虑未来引洮工程的影响,对祖厉河流域的径流变化趋势进行了分析预测,表明各阶段年径流呈丰枯交替变化,在2005年以前总体上呈衰减趋势,20世纪90年代衰减趋势加剧,到2000年后,特别是2010年以后,受引洮一期工程回归水的影响,径流又呈稳定回升趋势. 相似文献
11.
The hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake during the initial period of Three Gorges Project operation 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Jiang Chang Jingbao Li Dianqing Lu Xiang Zhu Chengzhi Lu Yueyun Zhou Chuxiong Deng 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):771-786
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting
Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring
amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher
than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and
2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into
the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered
by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity
of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive
years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of
birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased
by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation,
some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining
the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
12.
《地理学报(英文版)》2010,(5)
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008,the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation.The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji,and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter;2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately;3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively;4) in Dongting Lake,the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%,in flood season,the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value,leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year.The former prolonged the lake life,while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years,shortage of drinking and industrial water,shipping insecurity,as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis;5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%,the embankments were protected effectively.Then,to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation,some suggestions were put forward,such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir,reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation,and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
13.
CHANG Jiang LI Jingbao LU Dianqing ZHU Xiang LU Chengzhi ZHOU Yueyun DENG Chuxiong 《地理学报》2010,20(5):771-786
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake. 相似文献
14.
三峡水库调度运行初期荆江与洞庭湖区的水文效应 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
以1951-2008年实测水文资料为依据,运用对比方法,分析了三峡水库调度运行初期,荆江与洞庭湖区的连琐水文效应.结果表明:①莉江冲刷星占宜昌至城陵矶段的78.9%,其平均冲刷强度也远高于该河段;②三口分流比减少2.33%、分沙比减少2.78%;③三口多年平均入湖径流泥沙比依次减少7.7%及24.4%;④洞庭湖区淤积速率减缓26.7%、汛期水最较同期多年平均值偏少20.2%,使湖区连年季节性缺水,前者对延长湖泊寿命有利,后者酿成了连年性的夏秋连旱灾害、居民饮用水、生产用水和航运等水安全问题以及涉及到了珍禽鸟类数量和种类减少,东方田鼠种群数量极度膨胀等生态系统的稳定性;⑤湖口多年平均输沙泄洪能力增强了26.6%和3.7%,避免了溃垸决堤之灾.并认为,为适应新的江湖关系变化,必须进一步优化调整三峡水库调度运行方案,重新审视江湖治理的理念,维系江湖连通的纽带. 相似文献
15.
Evolution characters of water exchange abilities between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Chaomin Ou Jingbao Li Yongqiang Zhou Weiyan Cheng Yan Yang Zhonghua Zhao 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(4):731-745
By using field-survey hydrological data of the related control stations in Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River mainstream in 1951–2010, the evolution characters of water exchange abilities between the two water bodies and their response to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) from different time scales are analyzed based on their hydraulic relations. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, during July-September, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake is stronger, and in January-March, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River is stronger. Secondly, there has been an obvious inter-decadal wave on the water exchange coefficient between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River. In 1951–1958 and 1959–1968, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake was stronger, but in 2003–2010, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River has been strengthened. Thirdly, the spill-division ability of Three Outlets weakens, and the water of Dongting Lake coming from Three Outlets decreases either in typical years or under different dispatching modes of the TGR after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Furthermore, the water of Dongting Lake coming from Four Rivers takes the dominant position, which obviously enhances the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River. Fourthly, if the effect of the runoff fluctuation in the basin is not considered, the evolution characters of the exchange capacities and the exchange process between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River in different time scales are generally changed with the variation of the water exchange amount between them, although the factors influencing the water exchange capacities between them is very complex. These show that there is an in-line growth or decline relation between the river-lake water exchange ability and the river-lake water exchange amount. 相似文献
16.
基于Copula函数的洞庭湖流域水沙丰枯遭遇频率分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受人类活动的影响,水沙灾害事件相继发生,对人们的生产、生活造成了威胁。以洞庭湖流域代表性水文站的年径流量和年输沙量系列数据为基础,应用P-III型曲线分别拟合并求得“松滋口、太平口、藕池口”三口入湖、“湘江、资江、沅水、澧水”四水入湖和城陵矶站出湖年径流量、年输沙量的边缘分布函数,再采用水文事件遭遇分析中广泛应用的Copula函数,建立洞庭湖流域水沙联合分布模型,分析洞庭湖流域水沙丰枯遭遇频率。研究结果表明洞庭湖三口、四水和城陵矶站的水沙丰枯遭遇频率关系与洞庭湖流域的水沙运动有密切联系,运用该水沙耦合模型可以为洞庭湖流域防洪减灾提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
17.
湖南四水入洞庭湖水沙演变及成因分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以湖南四水入洞庭湖的代表性控制站1951-2009年长系列水文数据为基础,运用Mann-Kendall趋势突变检验等方法探讨水沙演变过程并分析了其成因。结果表明:四水年径流量变化比较复杂,存在多个上升-下降过程,但总体上无明显上升或下降趋势;年输沙量总体上呈明显下降趋势,且突变时间存在差异,湘水是1996年,资水是1973-1974年,沅水是1997-1998年,澧水是1998年。年径流量的减少、植被覆盖增加以及大中型水库的建设等综合作用是2001年后年输沙量较大幅度减少的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
19.
三峡工程建设背景下的洞庭湖区治水方略探讨 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在长江三峡工程建设的大背景下,本文分析了洞庭湖区的水灾减灾机制,探讨了洞庭湖区的治水方略,提出应充分发挥三峡水库的调蓄功能,协调江湖关系,改善冲淤关系,加强水利工程建设,实现三峡水库与湖南四水水库的优化调度 相似文献
20.
三江源区径流演变及其对气候变化的响应(英文) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Runoff at the three time scales(non-flooding season,flooding season and annual period) was simulated and tested from 1958 to 2005 at Tangnaihai(Yellow River Source Region:YeSR),Zhimenda(Yangtze River Source Region:YaSR) and Changdu(Lancang River Source Region:LcSR) by hydrological modeling,trend detection and comparative analysis.Also,future runoff variations from 2010 to 2039 at the three outlets were analyzed in A1B and B1 scenarios of CSIRO and NCAR climate model and the impact of climate change was tested.The results showed that the annual and non-flooding season runoff decreased significantly in YeSR,which decreased the water discharge to the midstream and downstream of the Yellow River,and intensified the water shortage in the Yellow River Basin,but the other two regions were not statistically significant in the last 48 years.Compared with the runoff in baseline(1990s),the runoff in YeSR would decrease in the following 30 years(2010-2039),especially in the non-flooding season.Thus the water shortage in the midstream and downstream of the Yellow River Basin would be serious continuously.The runoff in YaSR would increase,especially in the flooding season,thus the flood control situation would be severe.The runoff in LcSR would also be greater than the current runoff,and the annual and flooding season runoff would not change significantly,while the runoff variation in the non-flooding season is uncertain.It would increase significantly in the B1 scenario of CSIRO model but decrease significantly in B1 scenario of NCAR model.Furthermore,the most sensitive region to climate change is YaSR,followed by YeSR and LcSR. 相似文献