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针对专业气象服务发展状况、服务产品、运行机制、体制改革等方面开展调查和研究,分析了广西专业气象服务工作现状,与先进省份存在的差距,提出了广西专业气象服务发展思路和对策建议,为全面提高专业气象服务能力和水平,推进广西专业气象服务更快更好发展提供决策依据。 相似文献
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难忘的日日夜夜──记江总书记考察广西扶贫工作专题气象服务金秋十月，一个喜讯从北京传来：江泽民总书记将于１９９６年１０月３０日一１１月３日到广西，考察广西的扶贫工作，为了保证整个考察工作的顺利进行，区党委再次要求区气象局提供优质气象服务保障。这个重担落... 相似文献
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广西县级气象影视服务发展对策研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
在广西气象影视中心2009年6-9月开展的公众气象服务调研评估工作所获得的相关科学数据的基础上,对广西县级气象影视发展状况和影响因素以及集约化效益进行科学分析,提出了进一步推动集约化发展、多级气象影视部门合作共赢的思路。 相似文献
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拓展广西气象影视服务新道路 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
从广西气象影视产业目前经营的现状、模式等方面,结合公众对广西气象部门服务工作的评价．来分析广西电视气象节目存在的问题和发展的瓶颈,提出提升服务水平、提高节目质量的改进建议,在“三网融合”信息数字化时代背景下找到电视气象节目发展的新方向。 相似文献
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[本刊讯]十二月十五日,区气象局召开局长办公会议,总结八六年春播气象服务经验,部署八七年春耕生产气象服务工作; 一、动员全区气象工作者,立即行动起来,全力以赴做好春播气象服务工作,为振兴广西经济作出应有的贡献。 二、成立春播预报服务领导小组,由胡圣立副局长任组长,吕兆驩总工程师任副组长,业务处蒙远文、区台梁志和等同志为小组成员。负责全面指导我区春播、初汛期气象服务工作。 相似文献
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近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性分析研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1962~2010年中国160站的月平均气温资料、Ni?o3.4区海洋Ni?o指数(ONI)资料以及相应的NECP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、滑动相关分析、滑动t检验、合成分析等方法,探讨了最近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性问题。结果表明:中国冬季气温异常对ENSO的响应有着显著的地域性差异以及年代际变化,其中东北和西南地区的相关关系不稳定度比较大,而在中国东部地区则比较稳定。东北与西南地区在20世纪70年代中后期以后,冬季气温对ENSO的响应迅速减弱,甚至发生了反向变化,而东部地区这种关系近50年并没有较强的突变。相应的亚洲高空大气环流对ENSO的响应也具有明显的空间差异和阶段性变化,其特征与中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应特征基本对应。从大气环流角度解释中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应发生阶段性减弱的可能机制:ENSO通过经向Hadley环流影响中高纬度大气环流,由于70年代中后期以后亚洲经向Hadley环流的下沉支发生显著减弱,使得东亚大气环流对ENSO的响应减弱,进而导致中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应减弱。 相似文献
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该文利用2010—2019年4—8月遵义13个国家站逐时地面降水观测资料,从年变化、月变化、日变化以及空间分布等多个角度进行统计,从不同等级雨强的时空分布进行分析,初步得出了遵义短时强降水事件的时空分布特征:①从短时强降水总频次的空间分布上看,东部发生频次较其余地区高;4月,发生频次地区差异小;5—8月,地区差异大。②从月分布来看,短时强降水高频中心有如下变化:4月集中在东北部、5月在南部和东南部、6月西移北抬到西部和中部、7月西移南压到西部和南部、8月东北移至东北部,高频中心的变化和副热带高压的南北位移有很好的对应。③从年分布来看,短时强降水事件平均每年发生49次,最多的是65次(2019年),最少的是33次(2017年)。4—6月事件频次迅速增加,6月到达峰值,6—8月事件频次开始逐渐减少,74.1%的短时强降水事件发生在夏季,尤其以6月份居多。④从日变化来看,08—13时短时强降水事件发生频次逐渐减少,13时达到一日中最低值,13—07时事件发生频次逐渐增加,有3个峰值,17—19时、20—22时和01—07时,期间有2个短暂的间歇期。4—7月白天平均发生频次较夜间少,8月反之。⑤6—8月是较高等级短时强降水事件的高发季节,尤其以6月份居多,但统计个例中≥70 mm/h的雨强却是在5月份出现。 相似文献
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Sudden disruptions, or shocks, to food production can adversely impact access to and trade of food commodities. Seafood is the most traded food commodity and is globally important to human nutrition. The seafood production and trade system is exposed to a variety of disruptions including fishery collapses, natural disasters, oil spills, policy changes, and aquaculture disease outbreaks, aquafeed resource access and price spikes. The patterns and trends of these shocks to fisheries and aquaculture are poorly characterized and this limits the ability to generalize or predict responses to political, economic, and environmental changes. We applied a statistical shock detection approach to historic fisheries and aquaculture data to identify shocks over the period 1976–2011. A complementary case study approach was used to identify possible key social and political dynamics related to these shocks. The lack of a trend in the frequency or magnitude of the identified shocks and the range of identified causes suggest shocks are a common feature of these systems which occur due to a variety, and often multiple and simultaneous, causes. Shocks occurred most frequently in the Caribbean and Central America, the Middle East and North Africa, and South America, while the largest magnitude shocks occurred in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Shocks also occurred more frequently in aquaculture systems than in capture systems, particularly in recent years. In response to shocks, countries tend to increase imports and experience decreases in supply. The specific combination of changes in trade and supply are context specific, which is highlighted through four case studies. Historical examples of shocks considered in this study can inform policy for responding to shocks and identify potential risks and opportunities to build resilience in the global food system. 相似文献
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一次大范围海效应暴雪的雷达反演风场分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用EVAP(Extended Velocity Azimuth Processing)方法对2010年12月30日发生在山东半岛的一次海效应暴雪过程进行风场反演,以了解暴雪过程中雷达回波和低层风场的特征。得出以下结论:(1)烟台和威海暴雪发生时间不同步,降雪带有明显东移的过程,对应烟台强回波带逐渐向东移动,而威海回波位置少动。(2)雷达回波开始产生于渤海,减弱也始于渤海;强回波带的位置与风场的辐合区有很好的对应关系。(3)反演风场水平切变线的移动,会引起强回波带的波动;烟台北部切变线相对稳定,南部切变线西移,致使强回波带沿顺时针方向旋转;威海南部切变线位置相对稳定,北部切变线西移,引起强回波带沿逆时针方向旋转。(4)辐合切变线是由经过辽宁南下的东北风与山东半岛的西北风(西风)辐合构成;切变线受西风分量减弱的影响而发生移动。 相似文献
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南半球西风指数变化与中国夏季降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据NCEP/NCAR提供的1950～2007年南半球12～2月、6～8月500 hPa位势高度的月平均再分析资料,采用合成分析方法讨论与中国夏季3类雨型相对应的南半球500 hPa距平高度场的分布特征;运用多变量方差分析方法确定12～2月和6～8月与3类雨型相对应的南半球西风指数波动关键区A;分析关键区A的西风波动与中国夏季降水之间的关系;寻找南、北半球西风相互作用影响中国夏季降水分布的可能途径。分析表明,6～8月与3类雨型相对应的南半球500 hPa距平高度场显示出不同的距平分布形式,并存在显著差异区在（35°N～50°N,35°E～80°E）。12～2月南半球的西风指数变化关键区A在22.5°W～2.5°W,6～8月关键区A在10°E～55°E。南半球关键区A的西风指数强弱变化与中国夏季降水的关系密切,且12~2月南半球的西风波动对北半球夏季关键区的西风环流的变化有预测意义,而前期南半球关键区A的平均西风指数与北半球夏季高度场的显著负相关区在贝加尔湖。南、北半球大气环流经向传播是两半球西风相互作用的可能途径,前期南半球的异常西风使夏季贝加尔湖的平均槽强度变化,进而造成北半球关键区的西风环流异常,从而影响中国夏季雨型的分布。 相似文献
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喀什市1952-2006年日照时数时间变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阿布都克日木&#;阿巴司 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2008,2(3):22-24
利用喀什市1952--2006年日照时数实测资料,分析了喀什市日照时数年代际、年际和各季的气候变化特征,并根据喀什市的降水资料及总、低云量资料,对照时数减少的成因做了分析。结果表明：近55a来喀什市的年、季日照时数均呈减少趋势。各季减少的气候倾向率不同,减少幅度最多的是夏季,最少的是秋季。 相似文献
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Harriet Bulkeley JoAnn Carmin Vanesa Castán Broto Gareth A.S. Edwards Sara Fuller 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):914-925
Ever since climate change came to be a matter of political concern, questions of justice have been at the forefront of academic and policy debates in the international arena. Curiously, as attention has shifted to other sites and scales of climate change politics matters of justice have tended to be neglected. In this paper, we examine how discourses of justice are emerging within urban responses to climate change. Drawing on a database of initiatives taking place in 100 global cities and qualitative case-study research in Philadelphia, Quito and Toronto, we examine how notions of distributive and procedural justice are articulated in climate change projects and plans in relation to both adaptation and mitigation. We find that there is limited explicit concern with justice at the urban level. However, where discourses of justice are evident there are important differences emerging between urban responses to adaptation and mitigation, and between those in the north and in the south. Adaptation responses tend to stress the distribution of ‘rights’ to protection, although those in the South also stress the importance of procedural justice. Mitigation responses also stress ‘rights’ to the benefits of responding to climate change, with limited concern for ‘responsibilities’ or for procedural justice. Intriguingly, while adaptation responses tend to stress the rights of individuals, we also find discourses of collective rights emerging in relation to mitigation. 相似文献
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Multiple exposures and dynamic vulnerability: Evidence from the grape industry in the Okanagan Valley, Canada 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
This paper assesses the vulnerability of grape growers and winery operators in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia to climate variability and change, in the context of other sources of risk. Through interviews and focus groups, producers identified the climatic and non-climatic risks relevant to them and the strategies employed to manage these risks. The results show that the presence of multiple exposures affects the way in which producers are vulnerable to climate change. Producers are vulnerable to conditions that not only affect crop yield, but also affect their ability to compete in or sell to the market. Their sensitivity to these conditions is influenced in part by institutional factors such as trade liberalization and a “markup-free delivery” policy. Producers’ ability to adapt or cope with these risks varies depending on such factors as the availability of resources and technology, and access to government programmes. Producers will likely face challenges associated with the supply of water for irrigation due to a combination of climatic changes and changing demographics in the Okanagan Valley, which in turn affect their ability to adapt to climatic conditions. Finally, adaptations made by producers can change the nature of the operation and its vulnerability, demonstrating the dynamic nature of vulnerability. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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对甲烷湿地排放模型CH4MODwetland进行灵敏度分析表明,环境驱动因素——温度和地表水深是影响甲烷排放通量的主要因素,地表水深对季节性积水沼泽甲烷排放通量的灵敏度大于常年积水沼泽。模型对植物和土壤输入参数的灵敏度响应依次为Wmax(地上生物量最大值)FR(地下净初级生产力占植物总净初级生产力的比例)fV(植被类型系数)TAmax(植物从生长初期到最大地上生物量所需有效积温)ρ(容量),OM(土壤有积质含量)SAND(土壤砂粒含量)。以经验水位模型驱动CH4MODwetland,模拟三江平原毛果苔草和小叶章沼泽(1950年代～2000年代),以及若尔盖高原木里苔草和乌拉苔草沼泽(1960年代～2000年代)多年甲烷排放通量的变化。结果表明,年代际甲烷排放通量的变化主要受降水量的影响,但气候变暖使得降水量基本相同的年代甲烷排放通量增加:三江平原毛果苔草沼泽和小叶章沼泽(1980年代～2000年代比1950年代～1970年代模拟的甲烷排放通量分别增加了9.5%和8.3%;若尔盖高原乌拉苔草沼泽和木里苔草沼泽(1990年代～2000年代比1960年代～1970年代)分别增加了6.0%和5.5%。该结论能够为评估未来气候变化对中国湿地甲烷排放的影响提供依据。 相似文献