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1.
我国东南沿海地区台风登陆频繁,伴生暴雨诱发的台风型滑坡造成了严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。已有研究在单峰型、多峰型台风暴雨的斜坡水文响应过程及稳定性分析方面取得了一定成果,但缺乏对台风暴雨型滑坡滞后效应的研究和机理分析。为此,以台风“利奇马”在浙江青田县的登陆为例,基于对台风型滑坡发生数量与降雨量的统计,构建16组不同结构组合的斜坡模型,模拟在台风登陆过程中不同降雨工况条件下斜坡的渗流—稳定性变化。结果表明,台风“利奇马”离陆后青田县内仍有26.4%的滑坡发生,存在一定滞后;不同结构组合斜坡稳定性在离陆后最低,相较于台风登陆前稳定性系数降低了13.82%;在台风登陆暴雨作用下,青田县斜坡稳定性结构影响参数中坡度最为敏感;讨论认为在台风不同登陆阶段的降雨会导致边坡的入渗特征差异,从而形成滞后效应。研究结论对于该区域的台风型滑坡早期识别具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

2.
在降雨工况下,乔灌木通过其根系对边坡体的加筋锚固和茎叶减少坡体被雨水冲刷,对边坡稳定性产生了积极作用。然而台风暴雨季节,台风又通过植被的摇曳使地表开裂,强化了降雨入渗效果,进一步使土体的基质吸力、黏聚力下降,使边坡的稳定性降低。为了探索台风暴雨季节乔灌木对边坡起到正向作用还是反向作用,文章通过室内模型试验和数值模拟进行量化分析,比较有无台风作用和不同强度台风作用对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着台风从无到有、由弱变强的过程中,边坡体内孔隙水压力和含水率发生突变的时间不断提前;同时施加台风暴雨耦合作用的滑坡相对于单纯降雨作用的滑坡,其滑坡破坏的面积与体积更大,且台风等级越强,坡体的破坏的面积体积区域越大。通过Geostudio数值模拟软件进行验证,比较模拟边坡的稳定性发现:在无台风作用下初始稳定性系数最大且下降速度最慢,台风作用次之,强台风作用下最差。  相似文献   

3.
张登  简文彬  叶琪  林威 《岩土力学》2014,35(3):835-840
尾矿库边坡稳定性多以单一安全系数为评价指标,难以反映外界条件变化的过程中尾矿库边坡稳定性演化的全过程特征。针对这一问题,提出尾矿库稳定性的时变分析方法,以安全系数时程曲线分析尾矿库边坡稳定性。以尾矿库工程实例为研究对象,建立时变分析模型进行数值模拟。研究在不同降雨入渗、库水位变动以及二者耦合条件下边坡安全系数随时间变化的规律。研究结果表明,不同强度的均匀降雨影响下,6 h以后安全系数下降速率大致相当,6 h以内雨强越大,安全系数下降越快。降雨雨型将影响安全系数变化轨迹,研究较为广泛的均匀雨型并不是最危险雨型。边坡安全系数变化滞后于库水位变动,滞后效应随水位上涨速度的减慢、下降速度的加快和涨幅的减少而减弱。耦合条件下尾矿库边坡安全系数减小将加剧。研究成果对尾矿库设计和运营具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
台风暴雨型土质滑坡演化过程研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
台风暴雨型滑坡是我国东南丘陵山地主要的滑坡类型,揭示其失稳演化规律对东南丘陵山地台风暴雨型土质滑坡监测预警具有重要的理论及实际意义。本文以福建泉州德化石山滑坡为研究对象,结合现场地质勘察资料,建立滑坡物理与数值模型对其变形演化过程进行模拟,探究边坡失稳涉及的渗流和变形位移等规律。研究结果表明:(1)初期雨水以垂直入渗坡体为主,且入渗速率较大;后期入渗速率随坡体饱和度增加而减小。有前期小降雨的情况下,坡脚位置更易出现积水饱和现象;(2)雨水入渗是导致坡体稳定性下降的主要原因:在暴雨工况中E3(模拟全程降雨为暴雨雨强100 mm·d-1)中,稳定系数保持下降,从1.197降至1.125;在双峰暴雨工况E4(前期30 mm·d-1小雨强降雨,后期100 mm·d-1暴雨雨强降雨)中,小雨强降雨过程中稳定系数基本保持不变,从1.197降至1.188,当暴雨一开始,稳定系数骤降至1.060;(3)台风暴雨型滑坡位移演化过程具有阶段性特征:压缩沉降微变形阶段,该阶段位移曲线变化平缓,基本不发生位移;匀速变形阶段,该阶段位移匀速增长,位移速率不变;加速变形阶段,加速变形直至失稳阶段,破坏迅速,具有突发性,曲线呈非线性;(4)当前期发生小雨强降雨(降雨强度≤30 mm·d-1),后期突发大暴雨雨强降雨(降雨强度≥100 mm·d-1)情况下滑坡的发生具有突变性,在试验中暴雨初期位移骤增20 mm,而后快速发展到90 mm左右。  相似文献   

5.
地质灾害与降雨雨型的关系研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
地质灾害的发生与降雨历时、降雨量及降雨雨型有密切的关系,不同雨型的降雨诱发地质灾害的诱发机制具有明显的差异性。本文通过收集的降雨实况与地质灾害反馈资料,将诱发地质灾害的降雨雨型分为3种类型:台风降雨、持续强降雨和局地暴雨。研究表明,台风降雨型降雨诱发地质灾害具有即雨即滑的特点,即地质灾害的发生与降雨在时间上具有较好的对应关系;地质灾害发生空间位置与台风运移轨迹也基本一致。多为群发型地质灾害,灾害规模较小,一般为表层或浅层滑坡、崩塌。持续强降雨型降雨诱发地质灾害,在强降雨过程中地质灾害具有同步发生的特点;在降雨强度不大但连续降雨过程中,地质灾害具有一定的滞后效应;在地质灾害大规模发生后,诱发新的地质灾害雨量阈值提高。局地暴雨型降雨诱发的地质灾害往往集中发生在出现局地暴雨的当日当地。  相似文献   

6.
利用西宁市1954-2017年降水分钟数据建立暴雨统计样本,采用年最大值法推算暴雨强度公式并推求西宁市短历时暴雨雨型。结果表明:西宁市短历时暴雨雨型单峰特征比较明显,单峰峰值出现在前1/3。历时120 min芝加哥设计雨型综合雨峰位置系数0.27,雨峰位置在35 min左右,峰值前(后)雨强迅速增加(减小),最大1 h降水量为13.14 mm,降水主要集中在20~80 min。各历时的瞬时雨强变化趋势以及分布型基本一致,雨强随着重现期的增大而增大。累计降雨雨峰前(后)增长斜率升(降)最大。西宁市暴雨分布呈现局地性强,空间差异明显特征,芝加哥设计雨型结果对城西和城北区代表性较好,城中和城东区可参考使用。  相似文献   

7.
考虑降雨类型的基岩型浅层边坡稳定性分析方法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
降雨是诱发滑坡尤其是浅层滑坡的主要因素,目前多数降雨作用下基岩型浅层边坡稳定性分析方法都是基于常降雨强度假设,忽略了降雨特性对该类边坡稳定性的影响。文章建立了常规型降雨强度-时间类型,通过控制参数统一均匀型降雨、递增型降雨、递减型降雨、峰值型降雨等类型。根据入渗理论和无限边坡模型,提出了考虑降雨类型的基岩型浅层边坡稳定性分析方法。通过编制MATLAB程序计算一边坡稳定性,结果表明:不同降雨类型对基岩型浅层边坡稳定性影响较大,具有明显的时效性。在实际边坡防治中,应考虑降雨特性对边坡稳定性的影响。  相似文献   

8.
卡拉水电站上田滑坡体稳定性分析及评价研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李红英 《地质与勘探》2012,48(2):359-365
[摘 要] 为了分析卡拉水电站工程区某滑坡体的稳定性,通过对其滑坡成因、地形地貌、地质构造、 岩土力学参数敏感性等内在因素分析可知,滑坡体随着坡面隆起和坡内扩容加剧,在外界作用下易导致 边坡失稳破坏;其层面与节理裂隙的不良组合为边坡变形失稳提供了边界,陡倾坡内的裂隙,为地下水 的入渗创造了条件;滑坡稳定性随着岩土力学强度参数的提高而增强。通过对降雨、水位升降和地震等 外在因素的敏感性分析可知,库水位骤升骤降对滑坡的稳定性影响较大;短期降雨影响较小,但时间增 长滑坡失稳概率增加;地震峰值对滑坡稳定性影响较为明显。同时根据分析结果对滑坡体进行了工况 及荷载组合,并对各工况组合进行了稳定性计算及评价,得出水位下降时滑坡稳定性处于极限状态,在 蓄水地震工况下失稳概率较大。  相似文献   

9.
雨水渗透与香港滑坡灾害   总被引:44,自引:1,他引:44  
本文分析了滑坡与降雨的关系,暴雨是激发滑坡的主要原因,绝大多数的滑坡都是由于短期强烈暴雨所致,而且这些滑坡事件与暴雨的峰值几乎同时发生;前期雨量对边坡稳定也有一定的影响,坡积土的含水量是仅次于短期雨暴影响边坡稳定的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
巴中市地处四川盆地和秦岭造山带的过渡地带,地质构造以宽缓的隔档式褶皱为主,地层岩性主要为砂泥岩互层的红层岩体,红层滑坡灾害多为强降雨诱发。开展滑坡灾害与降雨雨型关系的研究,可为该地区滑坡灾害临界降雨阈值和预警服务提供参考。文章通过统计巴中市强降雨事件与滑坡发生的对应关系,初步揭示了滑坡灾害触发的降雨特征,并在分析降雨强度的基础上,结合降雨历时和降雨过程,对巴中市2007—2016年之间23场月降雨量大于200 mm的降雨事件进行了细分,共划分为单峰型、前峰型、后峰型、递增型、递减型、均匀型6类降雨雨型。对各类降雨雨型下滑坡发生数量进行统计,递增型和单峰型降雨事件下滑坡发生的比例分别为46.90%和25.02%。经稳定性计算分析,递增型和单峰型两类雨型条件下滑坡稳定性有明显降低,降雨过程对滑坡发生具有显著影响。结果表明:强降雨期间应加强降雨雨型的分析,为适时发布区域滑坡灾害预警信息、做好提前避让提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

13.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
HYDROGEOLOGY     
正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level  相似文献   

16.
正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),  相似文献   

17.
18.
正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-  相似文献   

19.
正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-  相似文献   

20.
正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)  相似文献   

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