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1.
塔里木盆地柯坪地区奥陶系鹰山组台内滩沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对柯坪地区蓬莱坝剖面奥陶系鹰山组的野外实测可以将其划分为下、中、上三段,每段都具有不同的相序结构和沉积特征,下段主要以含陆源泥质的泥晶粗砂屑灰岩为主,中段为亮晶粉-细砂屑灰岩和层纹石灰岩互层出现,上段主要为中-厚层状似球粒泥晶灰岩,台内颗粒滩主要发育在中、下两段;柯坪水泥厂剖面也可以划分为三段,但界限没有蓬莱坝剖面明显,主体表现为中层状的亮晶砂屑灰岩和泥晶砂屑灰岩交互出现。通过对蓬莱坝剖面和柯坪水泥厂剖面的岩石进行野外露头、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜等不同尺度的观测及沉积微相分析,理清了柯坪地区鹰山组的岩石类型和相序结构,建立了柯坪地区颗粒滩沉积模式:由于水体深度和能量的差异,柯坪地区发育了四种相带类型--高能颗粒滩相带、滩间洼地沉积相带、低能颗粒滩相带、开阔浅海沉积相带。中-低能颗粒滩相带主要发育泥晶中-粗砂屑颗粒滩,高能颗粒滩相带主要发育亮晶细-中砂屑颗粒滩,并且两种颗粒滩都可以划分出3种亚相--滩主体、滩翼和滩内洼地;在微生物主导的碳酸盐建造向后生动物主导的碳酸盐岩建造转换的地质背景下,柯坪地区在奥陶系鹰山组沉积时期总体处于大面积发育微生物似球粒的浅水环境,沉积物的形成与改造受微生物活动的影响,微生物作用一方面为颗粒滩的发育提供了良好的物质基础,另一方面也控制了该时期颗粒滩的沉积特征。 相似文献
2.
为明确川中地区龙王庙组沉积微相时空分布及其对储层的控制,利用地震、钻井及岩心资料,开展了精细的沉积、层序和储层研究,深入讨论了高频层序与沉积微相对有利储层的控制.龙王庙组主要发育鲕粒颗粒云岩、砂屑颗粒云岩、花斑状粉晶云岩等8种岩相,垂向上发育深水台地-滩间海型、颗粒滩型和局限潮坪型等3种岩相组合.龙王庙组构成1个三级层序,可分为2个四级层序（SQ1和SQ2）,各四级层序可分为3~5个五级层序.高频层序格架内,颗粒滩和局限潮坪具明显的加积和朝东南方向进积趋势,SQ2颗粒滩和局限潮坪的发育优于SQ1.局限潮坪微相的窗格孔细晶-粉晶云岩和花斑状粉晶云岩孔隙度最好,主要分布于四级和五级层序的顶部;其次为高频层序中-上部的颗粒滩微相.与高频海平面变化相关的早期溶蚀是优质储层形成的关键,并为后期储层改造奠定了基础. 相似文献
3.
川北高燕锰矿的锰质岩类型和生物成矿作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
川北高燕陡山沱组锰矿的锰质岩有四种主要类型：由富藻层和碎屑层组成的叠层石锰质岩，由藻屑，鲕屑组成的藻屑锰质岩和由锰质内碎屑与各种基质组成的内碎屑锰质岩。根据矿层中赋存的大量藻类遗体及其与矿石的密切共生关系来看．生物特别是藻类参与了锰矿的成矿作用。 相似文献
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5.
Combined flow origin of edgewise intraclast conglomerates: Sellick Hill Formation (Lower Cambrian), South Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Unusually thick, coarse grained edgewise intraclast conglomerates occur at eight or more horizons within subtidal nodular and ribbon bedded wackestones and packstones of the Lower Cambrian Sellick Hill Formation, South Australia. The intraclast beds are flat based and laterally discontinuous, forming bar-like structures that must have exhibited bathymetric relief of as much as 1 m. The internal fabrics of these beds are variable. Thinner beds are dominated by flat-lying intraclasts; thicker beds contain both chaotic, randomly oriented, steeply inclined intraclasts and clusters of fan-shaped, vertically stacked edgewise intraclasts. The Sellick Hill Formation intraclast conglomerates are inferred to have been formed by intense, storm-generated combined flows on a broad, subtidal carbonate ramp. Superimposition of wave-induced oscillatory motions on geostrophic bottom flows during large storms generates short-lived, but exceptionally high instantaneous shear stresses in the bottom boundary layer. Entrainment of the relatively large intraclasts occurs through sliding, rather than pivoting. Edgewise fabrics are a product of asymmetric acceleration and deceleration of intraclasts during passage of waves and the chaotic nature of collisions between intraclasts moving within the boundary layer. Collisions between intraclasts impart a rotating moment, causing intraclasts to tip up during maximum fluid shear stress. Lodgement or packing of clasts in vertical or steeply inclined positions occurs within scours, where intraclasts can wedge between other vertically inclined clasts, or where intraclasts are pinned in steep orientations by collisions with shallowly inclined intraclasts. Differential erosional resistance of the intraclast deposits probably led to the development of sharp lateral changes in thickness. The Sellick Hill Formation intraclast conglomerates record erosion and reworking of subtidal, subfairweather wave base environments by exceptionally intense and presumably rare storm flows. The intraclast horizons represent a substantial loss in stratigraphic resolution due to widespread erosion of the ramp. 相似文献
6.
四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组滩体及储集性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面及钻井岩心的宏观及微观特征,结合常规物性资料,对区内滩体的类型及特征、储集性能及其影响因素和分布进行了较为详细的研究。认为区内有内碎屑滩、藻粘结颗粒滩、核形石滩和鲕粒滩4类滩体,内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩广泛分布于中46井—杨家岩一线的雷三段,核形石滩集中于江油观音滩的雷三段下亚段,鲕粒滩集中于绵竹的雷四段中上部。这些高能滩体是局限陆表海和开阔陆缘海环境的产物,受后期成岩作用改造强烈,储集性差异大,雷三段中—上亚段的内碎屑滩和藻粘结颗粒滩在表生期岩溶作用和埋藏期溶蚀作用的共同改造下,储集空间内充填的石膏、石盐和方解石发生溶解,晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、藻粘结“格架”溶孔和小溶洞发育,成为区内最有利的储集体,它们主要分布于中46井—鱼1井区块。 相似文献
7.
洪水型季节性河流砂岩以碎屑黏土含量高为特征。按照组构,碎屑黏土可划分为泥质内碎屑、机械渗滤黏土和成壤泥质凝聚体。泥质内碎屑主要分布于河道砂岩的底部。机械渗滤黏土包括脊状和桥状、示底组构、松散聚集、胶膜和块状聚集体5种类型,其空间分布受控于潜水面波动和河道下切或迁移。成壤泥质凝聚体往往分布于具有纹理或交错层理的砂岩或粉砂岩、滞留沉积、大型槽状层理砂岩与河道充填序列的顶部。机械渗滤黏土是导致河流相砂岩储层非均质性的重要因素之一,砒砂岩的侵蚀脆弱性可能与高含碎屑蒙皂石有关。 相似文献
8.
兴山下奥陶统由西陵峡组、南津关组、分乡组、红花园组、大湾组和牯牛潭组组成。岩石类型包括泥晶灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、内碎屑灰岩、白云岩等,为一套典型的台地或沉没台地型陆表海碳酸盐沉积。颗粒灰岩在剖面中占绝大多数,其中,鲕粒灰岩、内碎屑灰岩和多数生物碎屑灰岩均为亮晶方解石胶结。鲕粒和砂屑的粒度参数和曲线分布特征说明,砂屑和鲕粒在形成过程中均经历了较强的水动力搬运或搅动。早奥陶世从西陵峡组沉积开始到牯牛潭组沉积结束,沉积环境经历了从局限台地潮坪环境到开阔台地再到浅海陆棚的演化。其中,潮坪环境包括云坪、灰坪、灰云坪等,而开阔台地环境为各种颗粒滩和生物礁。环境的演化反映了从早到晚海水逐渐加深的过程。 相似文献
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针对伊拉克艾哈代布(Ahdeb)油田Khasib组早期的注水突破难题, 本文以地球化学资料及取心薄片分析为基础, 结合区域沉积-构造演化背景, 对储层演化及异常高渗层的成因进行了研究, 并将储层演化划分为3个阶段: 沉积同生期、低沉降速率浅-中埋藏期和快速沉降深埋藏期。沉积同生期具两层高孔段: 即受同生岩溶改造形成的以砂屑粒间孔为主的Kh2-2-1砂屑颗粒灰岩和以藻屑铸模孔为主的Kh2-3-2藻屑泥粒灰岩。在此基础上, 浅-中埋藏期产生以走滑断裂为流体的运移通道, 以深部源岩降解形成的有机酸为溶蚀介质, 以同生期后形成的高孔层段为溶蚀的载体, 以非组构选择溶蚀作用为特征的埋藏有机酸岩溶, 它与同生期岩溶作用在时间上具有连续性, 形成的孔隙分布在空间上具有继承性。晚期地层快速沉降深埋藏期, 发生大规模烃类充注成藏, 阻止孔隙内水岩反应, 减弱储层内压实胶结破坏性成岩作用, 最终使得这两段具异常高渗透率特征。Kh2-2-1砂屑颗粒灰岩段以砂屑粒间孔、粒间溶孔、针状溶洞为主要孔隙类型, 以孔隙缩小型为主要喉道类型, 孔喉连通性好, 岩相区域分布稳定, 是造成早期注水突破的层段。总体而言, 本区异常高渗层的成因主要是: 优质储层的沉积基础及同生岩溶改造, 长期浅-中埋藏期有机酸溶蚀对储层的叠加和改造优化, 以及快速深埋藏期与烃类充注极好的耦合关系使其得以保存。 相似文献
10.
A fine exposure of perennially frozen ice-rich silt and associated flora and vertebrate fauna of late-Quaternary age exists at Mamontova Gora along the Aldan River in central Yakutia, Siberia, U.S.S.R. The silt deposit caps a 50-m-high terrace and consists of three units. An upper layer 1–2 m thick overlies a 10–15-m-thick brownish to black silt layer. The lower silt layer is greenish to gray and about 15 m thick. All the silt is well sorted with 60% of the particles falling between 0.005 and 0.5 mm in diameter and is generally chemically and mineralogically homogeneous. The middle unit contains may extinct vertebrate mammal remains and ice wedges. The lower unit contains little vegetation and no ice wedges. The silt is widespread and exists as a loamy blanket on terraces at various elevations on both sides of the lower Aldan River. The origin of the silt blanket of late-Quaternary age in central Yakutia has long been controversial. Various hypotheses have been suggested, including lacustrine and alluvial, as well as frost-action origins. It is sometimes referred to as loess-like loam. Péwé believes the silt at Mamontova Gora is loess, some of which has been retransported very short distances by water. The silt probably was blown from wide, braided, unvegetated flood plains of rivers draining nearby glaciers. The silt deposits are late Quaternary in age and probably associated with the Maximum glaciation (Samarov) and Sartan and Syryan glaciations of Wisconsinan age. On the basis of biostratigraphy, 10 radiocarbon dates, and their relation to the nearby glacial record, it is felt that the upper unit at Mamontova Gora is Holocene and the middle unit is Wisconsinan. The youngest date available from the middle unit at this particular location is 26,000 years. Dates greater than 56,000 years were obtained in the lower part of the middle unit. The lower unit is definitely beyond the range of radiocarbon dating and probably is older than the last interglacial. The sediment, fauna, ice wedges, stratigraphy, and age of perennially frozen slit deposits in central Alaska are remarkably similar to those of the deposits exposed in central Yakutia. Both areas consist of unglaciated rolling lowlands and river terraces surrounded by high mountains that were extensively glaciated in Pleistocene time. The glaciers extended from the high mountains to the edges of the ranges. In both regions, extensively braided, silt-charged rivers drained the mountains and flowed through the lowlands on their way to the sea. It follows that there should be a similar late-Quaternary history. 相似文献
11.
通过对野外露头剖面、钻井以及1︰200000区域地质调查等资料的综合研究,识别出四川盆地及其周缘地区寒武系洗象池群颗粒滩的岩石类型包括颗粒云岩、颗粒灰岩、细—中晶白云岩,颗粒类型主要为砂屑,次为鲕粒、砾屑以及少量生屑。发育潟湖—台内滩—潟湖、潟湖—台内滩—台坪、潮坪—潮缘滩—潮坪这3种向上变粗的沉积序列。单个旋回中的颗粒滩的厚度一般小于2.5m,垂向上多表现为频繁叠置的小规模薄型滩体,且横向规模小、可对比性差。平面上,颗粒滩主要分布在古隆起区和水下相对高地,整体为东北向分布。海平面升降和沉积能量的高低控制着颗粒滩发育规模,而构造条件决定了颗粒滩的横向连续性和平面分布。 相似文献
12.
Authigenic K‐feldspar was investigated in two Albian to Turonian sections in Israel using K‐Ar and Ar‐Ar dating, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis. Both sections comprise a similar succession of shallow‐marine limestones, dolomites and marls, with some sandstone and shale beds of continental origin. The HCl‐insoluble residue fraction of the studied samples consists of clays, quartz, feldspars, goethite and trace amounts of heavy minerals. Most of the insoluble residues have a relatively high K‐feldspar content that has an adularia habit and is concentrated in the 4–7 µm size fraction. The authigenic origin of the K‐feldspar in the fine silt fraction is indicated by its high content relative to quartz, the uniform and idiomorphic shape of the crystals and its limited size range. Of the fine silt (4–7 or 4–10 µm) separates, 40% have ages that are similar to stratigraphic ages within the analytical and biostratigraphic errors. Ar‐Ar dating of a fine silt fraction with 94% K‐feldspar (4–10 µm, sample GYP 7) yields a plateau age identical to the total gas age and similar to the stratigraphic age. These results indicate that the K‐Ar age is not a mixture between detrital and late diagenetic K‐feldspar ages, but is rather an age of formation within a few million years after deposition. It is suggested that the early formation of the K‐feldspar was associated with dolomitization and was induced by residual brines as part of a reflux process. 相似文献
13.
采用淤背方式加固黄河大堤时,河南、山东一期工程堤身多处出现裂缝。目前尚无淤背对堤身影响的定量研究成果,因而放淤固堤的合理施工速率难以确定。淤背体及堤防土体的水分消散过程实际上是非饱和流固耦合问题;淤背分级施工的变水头边界问题,可等效成多级常水头边界问题。采用非饱和渗流分析方法,计算出每级施工后堤防及淤背体的浸润线;将其作为已知边界条件,考虑堤防土体力学特性、排水条件等影响,进行非饱和流固耦合分析,据此提出相应的淤背施工合理速率。研究表明,该模型计算结果与实际情况相符,因而可为黄河标准化堤防工程设计与施工提供理论依据,并可供其它河流治理时参考。 相似文献
14.
伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩孔隙结构及控制因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
伊拉克哈法亚油田Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构类型的差异性及对其控制因素的认识是制约该类储层分类评价的一个关键问题。综合利用岩芯、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、常规物性、压汞分析等手段及统计分析方法对储层的主要孔隙类型、喉道类型、喉道分布特征进行了研究,确定了孔隙结构划分依据和方案,并划分出了中低孔超低渗细喉型、中低孔低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗中细喉型、高孔中低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗中喉型六种孔隙结构类型,并通过毛管压力曲线的形态划分出了Ⅰ-Ⅴ五类线型;研究区主要发育开阔台地相,并划分出8种储集岩类型,分别是泥晶灰岩、生屑粒泥灰岩、生屑泥粒灰岩、砂屑生屑泥粒灰岩、生屑颗粒灰岩、砂屑生屑颗粒灰岩、介壳类漂浮岩和岩溶建造岩,其中岩溶建造岩储层具有较特殊的网络状孔隙结构。因此,可以认为哈法亚Mishrif组储层主要受早成岩期岩溶作用影响,其早成岩期溶蚀具有明显的相控特征,是孔隙结构差异性的主要控制因素,极大的改善了该套储层的物性。 相似文献
15.
Duane G Froese Derald G SmithJohn A Westgate Thomas A AgerShari J Preece Amanjit SandhuRandolph J Enkin Florence Weber 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):50-62
Recurring glacial outburst floods from the Yukon-Tanana Upland are inferred from sediments exposed along the Yukon River near the mouth of Charley River in east-central Alaska. Deposits range from imbricate gravel and granules indicating flow locally extending up the Yukon valley, to more distal sediments consisting of at least 10 couplets of planar sands, granules, and climbing ripples with up-valley paleocurrent indicators overlain by massive silt. An interglacial organic silt, occurring within the sequence, indicates at least two flood events are associated with an earlier glaciation, and at least three flood events are associated with a later glaciation which postdates the organic silt. A minimum age for the floods is provided by a glass fission track age of 560,000 ± 80,000 yr on the GI tephra, which occurs 8 m above the flood beds. A maximum age of 780,000 yr for the floods is based on normal magnetic polarity of the sediments. These age constraints allow us to correlate the flood events to the early-middle Pleistocene. And further, the outburst floods indicate extensive glaciation of the Yukon-Tanana Upland during the early-middle Pleistocene, likely representing the most extensive Pleistocene glaciation of the area. 相似文献
16.
海底淤泥具有特殊的土性特点,其固化研究尚处于起步阶段。GS固化剂是一种以工业固废为主要原料的适用于软土加固的绿色固化材料。本文开展了GS固化剂加固海底淤泥的应用研究。以香港某工程海底淤泥为加固对象,对比分析了GS固化剂和水泥的掺量、龄期对固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,相比于普通水泥,GS固化土的早期强度更高... 相似文献
17.
A Pleistocene sandur in western Norway: facies relationships and sedimentological characteristics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JON Y. LANDVIK JAN MANGERUD 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1985,14(2):161-174
At Godøya near Ålesund sequences of unconsolidated fine sand and silt below two till beds are interpreted as remains of a sandur. Two facies sequences dominate: One comprises erosional scours followed by horizontally and current-ripple laminated fine sand, massive silt and erosional scours. The other sequence differs by planar wedge-shaped cross-beds replacing the horizontal lamination. The planar cross-beds are assumed to represent migrating linguoid or transverse bars, with an orientation partly at a high angle to current ripples in the same beds. The frequent silt beds are interpreted as a result of rapid vertical accretion due to isostatic subsidence during deposition. A Middle Weichselian age is assumed from thermoluminescence, radiocarbon and amino acid dates. 相似文献
18.
为揭示工业副产品木质素与土体间的相互作用机制,将木质素应用于路基粉土改良,通过对木质素及其改良土进行无侧限抗压强度、pH值、微观结构、化学元素、矿物成分和官能团等试验分析,研究不同掺量下木质素改良土的力学性能和pH值变化,对比分析改良前后粉土的微观结构变化,并基于化学分析结果探讨木质素的分子结构及与土体间的相互作用,提出木质素改良土体的机制。试验结果表明,改良土强度随木质素掺量增加而增加,掺量超过一定范围时,土体强度降低,木质素改良粉土的最优掺量为12%,且龄期对土体强度有着重要影响;强度与pH值基本呈线性相关关系;改良土微观结构更为致密、稳定,胶结物质将土颗粒相互联结,且未生成新的矿物;木质素通过水解、离子交换、质子化和静电引力等作用,导致双电层厚度减小,带正电荷的木质素高分子聚合物联结土颗粒并填充孔隙,改良土工程性质得以改善。提出的木质素改良土体机制可为工业副产品木质素的工程应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
19.
金沙江中游云南龙街粉砂层沉积环境演化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沿金沙江攀枝花三堆子至武定县白马口段河谷两岸分布一套以灰黑色、灰黄色、灰白色粉砂、粘土质粉砂和粘土为主的湖相地层,尤以云南省元谋县龙街盆地内最为发育,被称为龙街粉砂层。通过龙街YA钻孔和龙街、白泥湾剖面的磁性地层学和光释光年代学的研究,探讨龙街粉砂层的时代与归属。龙街YA钻孔地层厚度101.18m,其中龙街粉砂层厚92.96m,上覆7.5m的红棕色细砂和砂砾石层,下伏厚度大于0.72m的灰绿色含角砾粗砂。综合分析YA钻孔的磁性地层学和光释光年龄,认为获取龙街粉砂层的沉积时代为150~30ka BP,属于晚更新世。通过地层沉积特征变化,反演晚更新世以来湖泊的形成及沉积环境变化,探讨晚更新世以来区域新构造的活动阶段及其对河流演化过程的控制作用。 相似文献