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1.
通过钻井、录井、测井及岩心等资料的综合分析,识别出辫状河三角洲和曲流河三角洲是鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长9油层组主要的三角洲沉积相类型。辫状河三角洲分布于盆地西部,辫状分流河道和辫状水下分流河道发育砂岩,砂岩中主要发育冲刷面、槽状交错层理、板状交错层理和平行层理等,以向上变细的正粒序为主,砂岩粒度概率曲线主要为两段式或三段式。曲流河三角洲分布于盆地东部,陆上分流河道、水下分流河道和河口坝发育砂岩,砂岩中主要发育冲刷面、槽状交错层理、板状交错层理、平行层理和砂纹层理等,以向上变细的正粒序为主,也可见向上变粗的逆粒序,砂岩粒度概率曲线主要为两段式或三段式,可见四段式。进一步的对比分析表明,盆地内长9油层组辫状分流河道、辫状水下分流河道和陆上分流河道中砂体最发育,水下分流河道和河口坝砂体次之。 相似文献
2.
鄂尔多斯盆地东部盒8致密砂岩沉积特征及沉积模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野外露头剖面和井下岩心的岩石学与岩相组合、沉积特征与岩相标志、室内砂岩碎屑矿物组成及其平面分布规律的研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地东部盒8致密砂岩以岩屑砂岩为主,其次为岩屑石英砂岩,主要为深灰色、灰色、灰白色中砂岩和粗砂岩。研究区从北到南依次为冲积扇、辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系。冲积扇以扇中和扇端为主,主要由冲积水道块状构造含砾粗砂岩组成。往南演化为辫状河沉积,主要包括河道砂坝和泛滥平原微相,其中河道砂坝为其骨架相,由大型交错层理和平行层理发育的粗砂岩和含砾粗砂岩组成。南部发育辫状河三角洲平原和前缘沉积,进一步划分出分流河道、泛滥平原、水下分流河道和分流间湾微相,其中分流河道及水下分流河道为其骨架相,类似于河道砂坝沉积,主要由板状、槽状交错层理粗砂岩及中-细砂岩组成,纵向上多期砂体叠置,横向上叠合成片,成为盒8致密砂岩气藏的良好储集层。 相似文献
3.
巴西Potiguar和Reconcavo断陷盆地河流、三角洲和浊积砂岩储层成岩非均质性与储层质量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ｐｏｔｉｇｕａｒ和Ｒｅｃｏｎｃａｖｏ盆地位于巴西东北部海岸附近，为早白垩世发育的断陷盆地，其中烃类储层主要是河流和湖相（三角洲和浊流）砂岩。其成岩要素有机械渗滤粘土、方解石、白云石和绿泥石，而且成岩要素在井间和油田规模内显示不同的分布模式。这种分布特征即成岩非均质性是根据薄片、岩芯、测井和岩石物性资料研究得出的。在井间规模内，砂体几何形态和成岩要素的关系是以储层非均质性为主要特征，表现为：（１）机械渗滤粘土（ＭＩ）主要分布在河流相储层中，并沿古河道方向分布，使储层产生强烈分隔性；（２）方解石胶结物出现在砂泥岩接触面附近（环边分布）或散布在砂岩层内（分散分布）；（３）白云石胶结物主要沿砂岩交错层理的纹层分布，导致有效水平渗透率降低一个数量级；（４）自生绿泥石在细粒砂岩中引起渗透率降低，而在粗粒砂岩中影响较小，其结果导致储层渗透率结构发生重大改变。在油田规模内，成岩非均质性包括：（１）河流相储层中成岩特性呈层状分带；（２）三角洲相储层中碳酸盐胶结物向烃类聚集边界增加；（３）在浊积岩储层中，河道充填式和叶状体式沉积砂体中碳酸盐胶结物有固定的分布模式。把成岩要素的分布和影响结合到井间和油田规模的地质模型中对获得真正 相似文献
4.
澄江组主要为底砾岩、含砾砂岩、中—粗～中—细粒杂砂岩、岩屑长石石英砂岩、石英砂岩，夹粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩。岩石含较多火山碎屑，并夹凝灰岩、玄武岩等火山岩。在砂岩及粉砂岩中，发育大—中型板状、槽状及鱼骨状交错层理、水平层理，粒序层理及水平纹层等沉积构造。澄江组沉积主要由退积型基本层序构成，局部出露加积型层序。典型的基本层序由含砾中—粗粒杂砂岩→中—粗粒杂砂岩→中—细粒杂砂岩─粉砂岩→泥质粉砂岩→泥岩所构成，但一般发育不够完整，常见由中—粗粒含砾杂砂岩～中—细粒杂砂岩→粉砂岩组成。晋宁运动末期，本区褶皱负地形区，风化、破碎强烈地段先后形成底砾岩、杂砂岩，以河流相沉积为主，局部有湖泊相及三角洲相沉积。沉积物质来自下伏的昆阳群美党组。河流发展过程中，北东地区（大乐亩一带）火山活动强烈，落入河中的火山物质，与河流沉积物一起沉积；未落入河流的火山物质，则冷却成岩。从而形成合长石、火山碎屑的沉积岩；若火山物质较多，则形成火山碎屑岩；若河水对火山岩冲蚀不尽，则出现火山岩夹层。 相似文献
5.
塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系辫状三角洲砂体成岩作用和储层特征 总被引：40，自引：8，他引：40
通过对库车坳陷白垩系辫状三角洲的研究,总结辫状三角洲的沉积特征是:1.由于辫状河流直入湖泊,沉积物比较粗,中砂岩和细砂岩占有相当的比例,可达 6 0 %～ 80 %,最高达 95 %。 2.成分和结构成熟度低-中等,一般为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和岩屑砂岩,石英含量 30 %～ 5 0 %,岩屑含量可高达 5 0 %以上,一般为 30 %左右,岩屑成分复杂。3.沉积构造以块状层理、大型槽状交错层理和斜层理为主,见平行层理、波状层理和极少量的水平层理。4.辫状河道的主要沉积期是洪水期,因而河道具快速迁移性,沉积作用具有阶段性,砂体之间多次重复叠加,在滨岸地区辫状砂体性质相似而垂向侧向连接,成为分布面积很大的砂体,砂层之间只有薄层的泥质夹层。对研究区露头和岩心的普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光及扫描电镜等资料的分析研究,认为该区成岩作用包括压实、胶结、溶蚀、交代、压溶和重结晶等作用,并且以前三类为主。根据对自生矿物、粘土矿物、I/S间层中的S %、包裹体测温、成岩作用类型及特点等分析,判断研究区白垩系成岩阶段已达晚成岩A期。白垩系砂岩储层特殊的沉积-成岩水介质条件、构造-埋藏演化史、异常高压背景等决定了其特有的成岩序列演化的特点。白垩系巴什基奇克组上部和底部、巴西盖组砂 相似文献
6.
研究区位于安徽绩溪县杨溪镇,区内主要发育一套新元古代浅变质碎屑岩系,厚度为639.7 m。碎屑岩以泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、砂岩、含砾砂岩和砾岩为主,发育水平层理,粒序层理,韵律层理等沉积构造,可见鲍马层序Ta、Tc、Td、Te段。碎屑组分以跃移组分为主,含量为35%～58%。地层上段厚为254.8 m,包含粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩,水平层理和粒序层理发育,为中扇-外扇扇叶沉积,中段厚为192.5 m,主要为细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥质粉砂岩,砂岩条带广泛发育,属于中扇水道沉积,下段厚为192.4 m,为一套砾岩层,砾石分选较差,砾岩层间夹有粉砂质泥岩,为上扇水道滞留沉积。总体上,形成一套退积的海底扇沉积序列。 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系直罗组砂岩发育特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据岩性旋回结构,在全盆地范围将直罗组划分为上、下两段。分段制图表明,直罗组上、下段地层厚度展布规律与全组厚度展布规律基本一致,均表现为西厚东薄;上段地层较下段厚。下段砂岩层数少、单层厚度大;而上段砂岩以层多、层薄为特点。直罗组砂岩总体成熟度较低,区域制图和碎屑组分等反映周缘存在多个源区。砂岩粒度分布表现为河道和分流河道等沉积特征。直罗组砂岩发育多种反映陆上河流沉积环境的层面和层理构造。综合分析认为,在今残留盆地范围内,直罗组下段以辫状河、曲流河沉积为主,东北部可见三角洲平原沉积。上段以辫状河、曲流河、三角洲和湖泊沉积为主。直罗组下段辫状河道砂岩具有良好的渗透性、连通性和成层性,是砂岩型铀矿和石油的良好储层。 相似文献
8.
北大巴山与志留纪火山作用相关的碳酸盐岩沉积学特征及形成环境 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
生物碎屑灰岩、生物礁是造山带内最为常见的岩石类型之一,它们可以形成于多种构造环境。研究这些岩石组合的结构组成及生物赋存状态可为古地理恢复及造山带演化提供依据。分布于北大巴山地区与富TiO2碱性火山岩紧密相关的碳酸盐岩组合长期以来被认为是被动陆缘台地相组合。该套碳酸盐岩组合主要由生物礁、生物碎屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、泥质灰岩、角砾灰岩共同构成。砂屑灰岩及生物灰岩中常伴随有薄层凝灰岩夹层;同时这些碳酸盐岩中富含不同比例的火山碎屑成分,发育粒序层理、平行层理、波纹斜层理和滑塌构造。生物碎屑灰岩通常与凝灰质砂岩、泥岩构成韵律层,火山质碎屑在类岩石中主要表现为粒径0.5~3 mm的棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和凝灰岩碎屑,具有近源沉积特征;生物礁中通常出现1~2.5 cm棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩碎屑,且在生物礁之间的砂岩夹层中含有丰富的0.5~1 mm的次圆状玄武岩碎屑;砂屑灰岩中含有棱角状—次棱角状玄武岩和辉石两类碎屑,其中辉石碎屑粒径通常为1~2 mm,同时该类岩石中还含有丰富的黄铁矿,这些黄铁矿通常因其粒径变化而发育粒序结构特征。角砾状灰岩可分别由砂屑灰岩、生物礁及生物碎屑灰岩构成,也可由三者共同构成,玄武岩碎屑仅出现于角砾状生物礁灰岩中。这些碳酸盐岩中的生物化石具有曾经历过明显的搬运改造特征,其中生物碎屑灰岩和砂屑灰岩中的化石碎屑以次圆状为主,生物礁中的生物化石平行于砂岩夹层分布且发生不同程度的压扁和挤压变形,岩石中普遍发育滑塌沉积构造。这些特征共同表明,该套碳酸盐岩与下伏的碱性玄武岩形成密切相关,二者共同构成了与现代大洋中典型洋岛/海山相一致的结构特征,且这些碳酸盐岩多沿着下伏玄武岩的周边沉积,具有深水—斜坡环境的沉积组合,同时因其中所包含的生物化石经历了一定距离搬运作用而发生再沉积,进一步表明这些生物发育时代可能要略微早于该套火山—沉积组合的形成时代。 相似文献
9.
澄江组主要为底砾岩、含砾砂岩、中－粗￣中－细粒杂砂岩、岩屑长石石英砂岩、石英砂岩、夹粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩。岩石含较多火山碎屑，并夹凝灰岩、玄武岩等火山岩。在砂岩及粉砂岩中，发育大－中型板状、槽状及鱼骨状交错层理、水平层理，粒序层理及水平纹层等沉积构造。澄江组沉积主要由退积型基本层序构成，局部出露加积型层序，典型的基本层序由含砾中－粗粒杂砂岩→中－粗粒杂砂岩→中－细粒杂砂岩→粉砂岩→泥质粉砂岩→泥岩所 相似文献
10.
西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地规模最大的富油气凹陷。然而,西湖凹陷渐新世沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。本文以井、震为基础,岩心为核心,结合地球化学指标,通过泥岩甾烷与自生海绿石的特征,明确了渐新世西湖凹陷南部整体处于海陆交互的过渡环境,且发生5次主要的海侵事件。西湖凹陷南部渐新统以厚层砂岩与薄层泥岩互层为特征,发育典型的双向交错层理、双黏土层、透镜状层理及泥质披覆,共识别出4种主要的岩相类型: 含泥砾块状中粗粒砂岩相、交错层理中细粒砂岩相、沙纹层理粉细砂岩相、纹层状泥岩相。渐新世,西湖凹陷南部主要发育潮控河口湾体系,其中包括潮汐水道、潮汐沙坝、沙质潮坪及泥质潮坪等多个沉积微相,其沉积地形在SW向逐渐变为开阔的展布特征,说明研究区河流供源来自东北部,而潮汐水流来自西南部。渐新世西湖凹陷南部与开阔海连通,受到海侵作用下潮汐水流的强烈改造,且由于地形坡度较缓,无大规模的河流携带碎屑物质注入,易形成潮汐作用为主的河口湾体系。 相似文献
11.
X. L. Sun X. G. Zhang J. L. Lin Z. X. Zhao D. W. Huang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1163-1174
AbstractThe characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality in the Huagang sandstones in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin were studied by using X-ray diffraction, casting thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, constant-rate mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clay minerals consist of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and illite–smectite mixed layer (I/S); kaolinite forms from dissolved feldspars, chlorite occurs as clay coatings that are transformed from clay precursors owing to the flocculation of suspended detrital clays or the crystallisation of pore fluids, and illite forms from the illitisation of detrital smectite, authigenic kaolinite and K-feldspars. Clay distribution is controlled by sedimentary environments, burial history and lithologies. Typical reservoirs in the western sub-sag are thin and developed in braided river facies at relatively shallow burial depths with clays dominated by kaolinite. However, typical reservoirs in the central inversion tectonic zone are thicker and developed in a braided delta front facies at deeper burial depths with clays mainly consisting of chlorite, illite and I/S. High-quality reservoirs are characterised by coarse granularity, high quartz content and low clay content with widespread development of chlorite coatings that inhibit quartz cements at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the high-quality reservoirs develop more pores providing growth space for quartz cements and result in the coexistence of chlorite coatings and quartz cements. The high-quality reservoirs are controlled by their lithological characteristics rather than chlorite coatings. Illite and I/S clays create severe damage to reservoirs by reducing the size and connectivity of pore-throats. 相似文献
12.
本文主要对库车坳陷的库车河流域和巴音布鲁克盆地中生代砂岩样品进行了碎屑金红石微量元素电子探针分析。结果显示,巴音布鲁克地区侏罗纪砂岩中的碎屑金红石来自变质泥质岩和来自基性变质岩的比例大致相当,而库车坳陷中生代砂岩中碎屑金红石则主要来自变质泥质岩。两地金红石的变质级别以角闪岩相/榴辉岩相为主,并有一定比例麻粒岩相变质的金红石。库车坳陷中生代砂岩中麻粒岩相金红石的含量,从三叠纪至白垩纪呈现出低-高-低的特点,说明侏罗纪时期物源方向有所变化,可能有东南部物源的参与。白垩纪时期,库车河地区砂岩中麻粒岩相变质金红石含量减少,可能与南天山再度抬升隆起成为优势物源区有关。 相似文献
13.
Maxime Virolle Benjamin Brigaud Raphaël Bourillot Hugues Fnis Eric Portier Thibault Duteil Julius Nouet Patricia Patrier Daniel Beaufort 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):859-894
Porosity and permeability may be preserved in deep sandstone reservoirs by clay coating (mainly chlorite) which limits quartz overgrowths. Chloritization around quartz grains results mainly from mineralogical transformations of pre‐existing clays. It is fundamental to study those clay precursors to better understand and predict the location and distribution of clay coatings in subsurface sandstones for petroleum or geothermal prospecting. This paper reports a high‐resolution analysis of the composition, distribution and fabric of clays along a modern estuary, the Gironde (south‐west France). The scale of the study ranges from thin sections, through sand bar bodies, up to the entire estuary. Results show that clays are detrital and deposited at the same time as sand grains despite strong hydrodynamic conditions. Clays bind to medium‐grained sands forming detrital clay grain coats. On average, 26% of detrital sand grains are coated along the entire length of the estuary. Coat thickness varies from 1 μm to more than 200 μm, and coat coverage exceeds 30% in some samples. The turbidity maximum zone position (surface water turbidity from 1 to 10 g l?1) in the estuary, which is controlled by seasonal variations in hydrodynamic processes, significantly impacts the location of the maximum clay content and the abundance of coated grains in sandy facies along the estuary. Flocculation in the water column results in the accumulation of suspended matter and contributes to the high turbidity in the estuary. Exopolymeric substances produced by diatoms are observed both in the field and by cryo‐scanning electron microscopy, suggesting that they may play a major role in binding detrital clay around sand grains. Finally, tidal bars and heterolithic point bars in the estuary funnel and estuarine channels are prime sedimentological targets for finding clay coatings and potentially good reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstones. 相似文献
14.
西藏北部西雅尔岗地区白垩-第三系红层的成岩作用及成岩环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西雅尔岗地区位于羌塘高原腹地，地理范围为东经88°00′至89°00′，北纬32°40′至33°40′.大地构造位置从属于羌塘地块的玛依岗日一阿木冈基底隆断带.在晚白坚一第三纪时期，受青藏高原整沐抬升的影响，沉积了一套巨厚的红色陆屑建造，其基本特征为沉积厚度大、粗粒沉积所占比例高、沉积类型复杂、横向及纵向上相变快、岩石的颜色多为红色及紫色.沉积相类型主要为冲积扇、扇三角洲及湖泊.化石类型卖要为植物〔柏型枝)，孢粉和鸟足印化石.反映了在干操气候条件下，快速堆积的沉积特征. 根据对该区岩石学的研究，发现岩石的矿物组合和结构类型皆因成岩作用的影响而发生了很大的变化.矿物组合的变化是由于沉积后附加的陆源机械渗人粘土，在地表条件下不稳定矿物及岩屑的溶解作用以及在成岩过程中自生矿物的形成作用所造成的.导致结构类型改变的原因是(1)机械渗人的碎屑粘土及自生的粘土矿物形成孔隙间的粘土质“成岩杂基”.而这些孔隙在最初沉积时则没有杂基存在;(2)松散沉积物在成岩过程中，结构颖粒的溶解作用;(3)由于压实及压溶作用而形成粉砂级及其它细小的颗粒;(4)交代作用及重结晶作用.这些成岩过程明显地反映了整个区域岩石的演化历史. 显微镜、扫描电镜的观察以及红外光谱的侧定结果表明该区红层的形成是由于在成岩过程中赤铁矿的沉淀而造成的.在扫描电镜下可清楚地识别出赤铁矿的自生晶形.由此可以断定赤铁矿在其形成过程中显然是起了染色剂的作用.它的形成主要受孔隙水的氧化还原条件所控制，似乎于气候的关系不大，尽管它是产于干旱条件的沉积物中. 基于对该区岩石的成岩作用及成岩历史演化序列的研究，建立了该区沉积后的成岩环境模式，亦即(l)早期的表生成岩浅埋藏环境，该环境明显受到沉积环境、沉积作用控制以及气候因素的影响;(2)晚期的成岩深埋藏环境，该环境则主要受地温梯度、压力、温度和孔隙水的地球化学条件的控制. 相似文献
15.
Mohamed Ali Kalefa El-ghali Howri Mansurbeg Sadoon Morad Ihsan Al-Aasm Karl Ramseyer 《Sedimentary Geology》2006,190(1-4):323-351
The spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations has been constrained in relationship to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician glaciogenic quartzarenite sandstones in the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya, which were deposited during the Haritanian glaciation when the basin was laying along the continental margin of Gondwana. Eogenetic alterations encountered include: (i) replacement of detrital silicates, mud matrix and pseudomatrix by kaolinite in paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic, in foreshore to shoreface (highstand systems tract; HST) and in post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic (lowstand systems tract; LST) sandstones, particularly below the sequence boundaries (SB). Kaolinite formation is attributed to the influx of meteoric water during relative sea level fall and basinward shift of the shoreline. (ii) Cementation by calcite (δ18OVPDB = − 3.1‰ to + 1.1‰ and δ13CVPDB = + 1.7‰ to + 3.5‰) and Mg-rich siderite in the paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones, in the glacial, tide-dominated estuarine (transgressive systems tract; TST) sandstones and in the post-glacial, shoreface TST sandstones is interpreted to have occurred from marine pore-waters. (iii) Cementation by Mg-poor siderite, which occurs in the post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones and in the paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones, is interpreted to have occurred from meteoric waters during relative sea level fall and basinward shift of the shoreline. (iv) Pervasive cementation by iron oxides has occurred in the glacial, shoreface–offshore TST sandstones and post-glacial, shoreface TST sandstones immediately below the maximum flooding surfaces (MFS), which was presumably enhanced by prolonged residence time of the sediments under oxic diagenetic conditions at the seafloor. (v) Formation of grain-coating infiltrated clays mainly in the glacial, fluvial incised-valley LST sandstones and in the post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones as well as, less commonly, in the paraglacial, foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones and in the tide-dominated deltaic HST sandstones below the SBs.
Mesogenetic alterations include mainly the formation of abundant quartz overgrowths in the glacial, fluvial incised-valley LST sandstones, post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones and glacial, shoreface TST sandstones, in which early carbonate cements are lacking. Illite, chlorite and albitized feldspars, which occur in small amounts, are most common in the glacial, tide-dominated estuarine TST sandstones and paraglacial, shoreface HST sandstones. This study demonstrates that the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality evolution in glacial, paraglacial and post-glacial sandstones can be better elucidated when linked to the depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework. 相似文献
16.
Pyrite is easily oxidized, and therefore unambiguous evidence of detrital pyrite grains in metasediments is a significant constraint on when an oxygenated atmosphere developed. Compact rounded pyrite in
17.
Chaotically structured diamictite from the inner ring syncline surrounding the central uplift of the Woodleigh impact structure contains shocked metamorphic and impact melt-rock fragments, largely derived from Ordovician and Devonian target sandstones. Coarse illite fractions (<2 m) from the sandstones containing no K-feldspar yield K–Ar ages of around 400 Ma, whereas the K–Ar ages of authigenic clays of >0.2 m fractions from the diamictite without smectite and K-feldspar cluster around 360 Ma, consistent with Rb–Sr data. Crystallisation of newly formed illite in the impact melt rock clasts and recrystallisation of earlier formed illite in the sandstone clasts preserved in the diamictite, are attributed to impact-induced hydrothermal processes in the Late Devonian. The illitic clays from the diamictite and from the sandstones have very similar trace element compositions, with significantly enriched incompatible lithophile elements, which increase in concentrations correlatively with those of the compatible ferromagnesian elements. The unusual trace element associations in the clays may be due to the involvement of hot gravity-driven basinal fluids that interacted with rocks of the Precambrian craton to the east of the study area, or with such material transported and reworked in the studied sedimentary succession. 相似文献
18.
渤中西环古近系东营组物源转换与沉积充填响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析、火山碎屑组分含量变化、地震多属性分析、层序地层格架与沉积充填特征综合分析,认为东二段沉积时期渤中西环的物源供给方式、层序地层格架及沉积充填特征发生明显的变化.东二下段沉积期前,湖盆处于强烈裂陷期,中-深湖相泥岩发育,物源主要为盆地内部的中生代火成岩基底,沉积层序明显受盆内低凸起控制,在盆内低凸起四周发育一系列近源的扇三角洲朵体;东二下段沉积期后,湖盆处于断-坳过渡期,盆内低凸起四周的断裂活动减弱,沉积层序逐渐向盆内低凸起超覆,盆外太古代-元古代变质岩物源供给不断加强,近源的扇三角洲砂体逐渐向远源的辫状河三角洲砂体转化,同时发育宽广的滨浅湖环境.渤中西环古近纪沉积充填过程中,地层样式、沉积模式与物源供给方式的一致性变化,体现了裂陷湖盆充填演化的内在规律,为我国东部裂陷盆地演化及裂陷旋回划分提供了新的线索. 相似文献
19.
In the forest of Enkheim near the city of Frankfurt, the depositional sequence of a river Main floodplain sediment was analyzed with regard to the elemental composition of its sediment-facies using XRD- and XRF-techniques. The study includes: residual minerals (mainly Zr and Ti species, which are extremely resistant to weathering), detrital minerals (quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclases), secondary minerals (mainly clay minerals such as Illitehydrous mica, kaolinite, vermiculite, chlorite, smectite and mixed-layer clays) and precipitated minerals (mainly calcite). The processes of weathering are defined in terms of buffer ranges (pH-Eh stability fields). The impact of the acid weathering front on the upper part of the sedimentary sequence was established by the analyses of the mechanisms of dissolution, transport and sorption of selected constituents (major cations; heavy metals) of which their eco-availability is of importance when measures of environmental protection have to be taken. 相似文献
20.
The present study aims to shed light on the mechanism of formation of the Oligo-Miocene oolitic ironstones of Haddat Ash Sham area, Saudi Arabia. These ironstones are enclosed within the middle part of the Oligo-Miocene siliciclastic succession of the western part of the Arabian Shield, western Saudi Arabia. The ironstone beds were formed during marine incursion and creation of short-lived starved time periods of high organic matter activities, ferrous iron, and low clastic input. The depositional and diagenetic processes involved in the formation of Haddat Ash Sham ironstones are summarized here as follows: (1) the deposition of detrital components (i.e., amorphous iron-bearing clays admixed with silt and sand-sized quartz grains) and their distribution by the waves and current actions in areas of different water depths (bars and inter-bar areas); (2) the deposition of the iron-bearing clays in slightly reducing transgressive conditions (dysaerobic zone) led to the authigenesis of green marine chamositic clays of variable mineralogical and chemical compositions according to the predominated depositional environments; and (3) in the upper parts of the depositional cycles, the iron-bearing clays become admixed with detrital quartz grains which resulted in the formation of silty and sandy ironstones of low iron content. The diagenetic processes led to the oxidation of the green chamositic clays and formation of amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxides, ferrihydrites, goethite, and hematite. These iron mineral phases are related to each other and show progressive steps of transformation during the diagenetic processes. The iron ooids represent in situ formed irregular domains formed during the diagenetic crystallization and dehydration of the amorphous iron oxyhdroxides resulted from the diagenetic oxidation of green chamositic clays. This is supported by the absence of detrital cores of the iron ooids, the gradational contact between the iron ooids and the enclosing matrix and also by the presence of many ooids of unclear and ill-defined internal structure. 相似文献