共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Science China Earth Sciences - The regime of plate tectonics on early Earth is one of the fundamental problems in Earth sciences. Precambrian era takes the majority (ca. 88%) of Earth’s... 相似文献
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Digital Earth在防震减灾工作中的应用——Google Earth为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国前副总统戈尔在1998年提出了Digital Earth的概念,本文对Digital Earth在防震减灾工作中的应用做了初步探索,对Digital Earth的主要软件——Google Earth做了介绍,并对其在防震减灾工作中的应用做了详细论述。介绍了Google Earth结合震害快速评估,构造研究、野外地震地质调查的具体应用。Digital Earth在不断发展,在我们的工作、生活中发挥了巨大作用,防震减灾工作中Digital Earth的应用才刚刚开始,可以肯定,Digital Earth作为当今科技制高点,将会使传统防震减灾工作的技术方式等产生根本性的改变。 相似文献
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We discuss how the geophysical fluids affect the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) and in particular polar motion and nutation. We show that the Earth orientation modeling is a perfect example of the integrated approach recommended by GGOS. GGOS considers the Earth system as a whole, including the solid Earth as well as the fluid components; geodesy observes and models the dynamics inside this system through the static and time-varying gravity field, the station displacements, and the Earth orientation parameters and the associated length-of-day variation, nutation and polar motion. Global-scale transfer in the Earth system and its geodetic consequences is proposed to be the central theme of GGOS. We show that the Earth orientation parameters perfectly fit this theme. 相似文献
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《Journal of Geodynamics》2006,41(4-5):394-399
We discuss how the geophysical fluids affect the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) and in particular polar motion and nutation. We show that the Earth orientation modeling is a perfect example of the integrated approach recommended by GGOS. GGOS considers the Earth system as a whole, including the solid Earth as well as the fluid components; geodesy observes and models the dynamics inside this system through the static and time-varying gravity field, the station displacements, and the Earth orientation parameters and the associated length-of-day variation, nutation and polar motion. Global-scale transfer in the Earth system and its geodetic consequences is proposed to be the central theme of GGOS. We show that the Earth orientation parameters perfectly fit this theme. 相似文献
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B. W. Levin E. V. Sasorova G. M. Steblov A. V. Domanskii A. S. Prytkov E. N. Tsyba 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(4):540-544
For more than a decade, the global network of GPS stations whose measurements are part of the International GPS Service (IGS) have been recording cyclic variations in the radius vector of the geodetic ellipsoid with a period of one year and amplitude of ~10 mm. The analysis of the figure of the Earth carried out by us shows that the observed variations in the vertical component of the Earth’s surface displacements can induce small changes in the flattening of the Earth’s figure which are, in turn, caused by the instability of the Earth’s rotation. The variations in the angular velocity and flattening of the Earth change the kinetic energy of the Earth’s rotation. The additional energy is ~1021 J. The emerging variations in the flattening of the Earth’s ellipsoid lead to changes in the surface area of the Earth’s figure, cause the development of deformations in rocks, accumulation of damage, activation of seismotectonic processes, and preparation of earthquakes. It is shown that earthquakes can be caused by the instability of the Earth’s rotation which induces pulsations in the shape of the Earth and leads to the development of alternating-sign deformations in the Earth’s solid shell. 相似文献
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V. B. Dubovskoi V. G. Zhilnikov O. S. Kazantseva I. I. Kalinnikov V. I. Leontyev A. B. Manukin V. P. Matyunin A. V. Sbitnev 《Seismic Instruments》2018,54(5):551-556
The paper considers some original strainmeters and gravitoinertial instruments designed at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences. The instruments are successfully used for measuring the Earth’s gravitational field, tilts, and deformations of the Earth’s crust in solving a number of applied and fundamental problems in geophysics and geodynamics, in particular, evaluating and monitoring the stability of environmentally hazardous engineering and construction objects (dams, hydroelectric dams, nuclear power plants, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), searching for the zones of weakness in the Earth’s crust, identifying precursors of natural and technological disasters, studying the Earth’s global characteristics (lunar–solar tides, irregularity of the Earth’s rotation, translational oscillations of the Earth’s core, and azimuthal shifts of lithosphere blocks). 相似文献
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本文评述了过去60年内固体地球内部几何结构和物性结构成像的进展,包括地震学研究的进展;重磁位场研究的进展;电磁学研究的进展.文章还指出了他们进一步发展的某些方面. 相似文献
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Peter Varga 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1974,112(5):777-785
Summary The question this paper is examining is the following: to what extent are the Love numbers dependent on certain characteristics of the inner structure of the Earth? It has been proven — on the basis of calculations carried out by the author-that these quantities are only in a small degree dependent on the density values measured on the surface of the Earth and on the selection of the density function in the mantle of the Earth. On the other hand the value of Love numbersh, k andl is considerably influenced by the assumptions made about the core of the Earth, namely by the position of the boundary between the core and the mantle and by the magnitude of the rigidity coefficient presumed in the core in the vicinity of the core-mantle boundary.The results of the calculations are compared with those mean values of Love numbers obtained from the data of stations operating at different places of the Earth. By reason of this it can be assumed that the core of the Earth has, in the vicinity of the core-mantle boundary, a coefficient of effective rigidity of the order of 1010 dyn/cm2, if the core-mantle boundary is placed at the relative Earth radius of 0.545 from the centre of the Earth. 相似文献
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Chuanlun Zhang Jian Lin Sanzhong Li Hailiang Dong Fengping Wang Shucheng Xie 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(4):494-498
Geomicrobiology is a sub-discipline of geobiology and emphasizes the interaction between microorganisms and their environment on Earth. There is a need to explicitly emphasize the biogeochemical processes performed by microorganisms associated with Earth’s tectonic activities, especially under the framework of the modern theory of plate tectonics. Tectonomicrobiology aims to create a better synergy between microbial and active tectonic processes. This explicit synergy should also foster better communications between solid Earth scientists and life scientists in terms of holistic Earth system dynamics at both tectonic and micro-scales. 相似文献
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地球形成初期,构成地球的物质在组成上是大致均一的.目前地球的地核-地幔-地壳圈层结构,是由分异作用形成的.分异过程释放的能量称为分异能.Sorokhtin和Chilingarian等人从行星吸积的定义出发,导出了基于地球内部密度分布的势能计算公式,计算出的分异能大小为1.698×1031J.本文采用计算球体势能的思路,导出分异能计算的解析公式和数值计算公式,通过求取原始地球模型与均匀分层模型、PREM模型的势能差计算分异能.两种方法的计算结果分别为1.535×1031J和1.698×1031J.前者与Sorokhtin等的结果相近,后者与之相同.本文初步分析了方法间的异同以及造成结果偏差的主要原因. 相似文献
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地球固体内核（SIC）和地球其余部分之间的引力和压力的耦合作用引起了一个力矩，从而对地球的章动运动产生影响.由于SIC的转动惯量和整体地球转动惯量相比是非常小的，因此可以认为SIC的动力学效应只是导致一个新的章动本征模，其频率与自由核章动（FCN）相差不太远，且对地球章动产生了一个微弱的共振影响.本文在文献〔1〕理论的基础上，对内核地球自转动力学理论进行了更加深入和详细的研究，顾及到高阶引潮力位的影响，介绍了研究内核地球自转的基本假设和定义，引潮力位的复数球函数表示，复数矢量球函数的基本理论等. 相似文献
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The correlation between frequency variations in the Earth’s rotation and geomagnetic jerks is analyzed on the interval from 1900 to 2008. It is found that jerks precede changes in the rate of the Earth’s rotation frequency in the interval of periods ranging from 5 to 8 years. A mechanism of jerks generation is suggested in which the jerks are considered as the result of the excitation of magnetorotational instability in the Earth’s core with the subsequent generation of torsional oscillations causing a change in the Earth’s rotation frequency. 相似文献
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The contribution made by V.V. Beloussov (1907–1990), an outstanding Earth scientist in the former Soviet Union and Russia, to the development of planetary geophysics is considered. Beloussov was a brilliant coordinator of international cooperation and direct inspirer of international scientific programs of paramount importance. He took up one of the key positions in organizing and holding the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957–1958. In 1960, Beloussov was elected President of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and proposed the project “The upper mantle and its influence on the Earth’s crust,” which subsequently became known worldwide as the Upper Mantle Project. The project underlined that the experience of the IGY should be extended to studies of the deep structure of the Earth and the processes taking place in the Earth’s interior. The fulfillment of this and the subsequent Geodynamic project resulted in a breakthrough in the knowledge about the deep structure of the Earth, particularly the structure of the oceans. Beloussov actively advocated integrating science of the Earth, geonomy, and in his scientific research sought a geonomic approach incorporating the entire complex of geological, geophysical, and geochemical data. Beloussov’s scientific heritage contains propositions that are of current importance and can be involved in modern developments of the Earth sciences. 相似文献
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地震位错理论是研究地震断层滑动与地球物理场变化之间关系的理论,是震源机制、地球内部构造、地震预测等基本地球物理问题与大地测量、地球物理观测数据之间的联系纽带。被广泛使用的半无限空间介质模型的位错理论,由于其几何模型的限制,在地震变形和地球动力学等应用研究中会导致一定程度的误差。此外,现代大地测量技术可以在全球和区域尺度上精确地观测地震变形,亟需一个适用于全球地震变形研究的地震位错理论。为此,本团队基于球形地球模型,经过多年系统性研究,建立了地震位错理论新体系。所构建的球形地球模型的地震位错理论,促进了全球地震变形和地球动力学变化的研究,是近年来地球物理学领域取得的重要理论进展之一。本文简要地介绍了国内球形地球模型地震位错理论的发展及其应用研究。首先,介绍了弹性球形地球模型、三维不均匀地球模型和黏弹地球模型的位错理论;其次,介绍球形地球模型的位错理论在地球动力学变化研究、断层与地下介质结构反演和地震大地测量学研究方面的相关应用;最后,对球形地球模型的位错理论的发展方向作出展望。 相似文献