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高原东侧川渝盆地东西部夏季降水及其大尺度环流特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
采用我国台站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析比较了高原东侧川渝盆地东、西部夏季降水及其大尺度环流特征。主要结论为：（1）1951-2004年来,盆西夏季降水总体呈减少趋势,盆东则呈增加趋势;盆地东西部夏季降水主要呈反位相变化,20世纪90年代以来最常见的两种雨型是西少东多、东西部一致偏少。（2）位于北半球中高纬度的乌拉尔山高脊、巴尔喀什湖至贝加尔湖之间的低压槽以及亚洲东部高脊的两脊一槽环流型发展、西太平洋副热带高压偏北,是盆西多雨年的环流背景。（3）乌拉尔山、巴尔喀什湖、西伯利亚地区的高脊偏强,贝加尔湖一线以南直到盆东附近地区上空为槽区,东亚中高纬地区以经向型环流为主,西太平洋副热带高压偏南,是盆东多雨年的环流背景。（4）亚欧大陆中高纬环流形势的显著不同,是盆地东西部夏季降水发生年代际变化的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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本文利用统计模型、线性拟合和相关分析方法,对气温、降水资料的时空分布和相互间的相关性进行了计算,分析了黑龙江省气候特点。结果表明,黑龙江省气温持续显著升高,主要是最低气温和冬季气温显著升高影响;气温、降水在空间上存在正、负相关区域。 相似文献
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天山北麓植被指数变化特征及其与气温和降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1982-2005年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和气象资料,研究了天山北麓各地区不同植被类型ND-VI的年际变化特征及其对气候因子的响应.结果表明:1)近24 a来天山北麓各地区植被指数在波动中有所增长.2)不同植被类型对气候因子的响应不同,但各类型植被NDVI都与气温和降水存在着明显的正相关关系.3)平原区植被指数增幅大于山区植被指数增幅,说明植被生长不仅受自然因素影响,也受人为因素影响. 相似文献
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Three years (2008–2011) of direct current measurements from a mooring array deployed at the western Yucatan Channel (defined west of 85.6°W) and along the eastern Campeche Bank captured the main characteristics of the Yucatan and Loop Currents and the eddies associated with them. The array was deployed to provide upstream conditions in support of the Loop Current Dynamics Experiment. A substantial portion (60–80%) of the variance at the mooring sections is related to horizontal shifts of the currents due to meanders and eddies. Time-frequency analysis indicates that the velocity time-series are “event dominated”, with higher variability at low-frequencies (40–100 days or longer periods) but with a substantial contribution at higher frequencies (5–25 days periods) particularly strong from October to March. The vertical structure and time evolution of the eddy kinetic energy in a developing Campeche Bank cyclone suggest baroclinic instability dynamics are relevant for its development. Four Loop Current eddies (Cameron, Darwin, Ekman and Franklin) separated during 2008–2011. Ekman and Franklin were particularly dominated by a cyclone associated with a meander trough of the southward flowing branch of the Loop Current (Donohue et al., 2016a, Donohue et al., 2016b) and weaker Campeche Bank cyclones. For Cameron and Darwin, Campeche Bank cyclonic anomalies appear to be nearly as strong as the ones coming from the eastern side of the Loop Current. Eastward shifts of the Yucatan and Loop Currents observed over the sections appear to be linked to vorticity perturbations propagating from the Caribbean and precede several eddy detachments; their significance for the generation of Campeche Bank cyclones and eddy shedding remains to be determined.Time-series of Yucatan Current transport, vorticity fluctuations and Loop Current northward extension during the 3 deployment periods only depict positive correlation in two of them. Given the wide spectrum of variability, much more data are required to determine if a statistically robust relation exists among these variables. Our results clearly illustrate the complexity of the flow in this region and that it is difficult to single out a dominant mechanism that can explain all Loop Current eddy detachments. 相似文献
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飑是一种天气系统的活动，通常在冷锋前、切变线附近生成，多出现于夏季。飑是突然发作的强风，出现时风速的大小并无规定。但是飑出现时，风速达到大风标准，则要加记大风现象。 相似文献
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气象水文灾害的防灾减灾教育培训新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
智协飞 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):885-889
简要综述了第十届世界气象组织教育与培训大会的主题报告内容.本次大会主要讨论防灾减灾的气象水文教育与培训等问题,集中讨论了"备灾-预防和早期预警"、"减灾-应急、救援和重建"和"跨学科培训"等3个主题,强调集合数值预报系统对于估计出现极端天气事件的风险非常重要,同时必须培训气象、水文工作者使用集合预报中的概率预报信息.中国气象灾害监测、预测和预警已经从单纯提供一般意义上的气象灾害信息提升到有利于社会经济发展的气象灾害服务,既考虑自然因子也考虑经济发展的影响.在跨学科培训方面,将管理知识和气象知识结合起来,可以取得非常好的效果.大会建议提高世界气象组织区域培训中心以及各国气象水文部门培训单位的培训能力,主要通过提供防灾减灾的专门培训单元,对自然灾害风险管理短期课程进行指导,重视各国气象水文部门对于管理和传播领域培训的需求. 相似文献
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In the 1960s North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) cooled rapidly. The magnitude of the cooling was largest in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG), and was coincident with a rapid freshening of the SPG. Here we analyze hindcasts of the 1960s North Atlantic cooling made with the UK Met Office’s decadal prediction system (DePreSys), which is initialised using observations. It is shown that DePreSys captures—with a lead time of several years—the observed cooling and freshening of the North Atlantic SPG. DePreSys also captures changes in SST over the wider North Atlantic and surface climate impacts over the wider region, such as changes in atmospheric circulation in winter and sea ice extent. We show that initialisation of an anomalously weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and hence weak northward heat transport, is crucial for DePreSys to predict the magnitude of the observed cooling. Such an anomalously weak AMOC is not captured when ocean observations are not assimilated (i.e. it is not a forced response in this model). The freshening of the SPG is also dominated by ocean salt transport changes in DePreSys; in particular, the simulation of advective freshwater anomalies analogous to the Great Salinity Anomaly were key. Therefore, DePreSys suggests that ocean dynamics played an important role in the cooling of the North Atlantic in the 1960s, and that this event was predictable. 相似文献