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1.
影响东亚夏季风降水异常的前期海温信号 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
采用NCEP/NCAR大气再分析资料、HadISST海温数据以及中国东亚季风区的实测降水资料,探讨前期冬季海温与东亚夏季风之间的关系。研究表明,影响东亚夏季风异常的海温变化存在2个关键区,分别位于南印度洋中部和北太平洋东部,关键区的海温与东亚季风区的降水在长江中游有显著正相关,与东亚夏季风指数有显著负相关。基于此,定义了印-太海温指数。强海温指数年的南亚高压、索马里越赤道气流、西太平洋副高偏强,有利于东亚夏季风北进,中国大部降水偏多;弱海温指数年则相反。 相似文献
2.
By prescribing sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)over eastern equatorial Pacific inJanuary—March,the lag influence of ENSO(El Nino and La Nina)on monsoon over East Asiahas been studied.The results suggest that,due to the excitation of atmospheric low-frequencyoscillation by the SSTA,ENSO has significant lag influence on the monsoon over East Asia.During the summer after E1 Nino,the subtropical high over western Pacific is intensified andshows the northward and westward displacement,meanwhile,the rainfall over East China isbelow normal,especially in North China:during the winter after E1 Nino,both the Asian troughand the winter monsoon over East Asia are strengthened.During the summer after La Nina,theanomalous subtropical high prevails over the lower reaches of Yangtze(Changjiang)River,therainfall between Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers is below normal:during the winter after La Nina,both the Asian trough and the winter monsoon over East Asia are weaker.Compared with LaNina,the effect of El Nino is stronger,but it is not always opposite to the one of La Nina. 相似文献
3.
用湿位涡表征的东亚副热带夏季风指数 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在综合考虑了东亚夏季风的热力和动力特征的基础上,利用湿位涡定义了一个新的东亚副热带夏季风指数,并利用1948—2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了近60年来东亚副热带夏季风的变化特征。研究表明：该指数可以很好地反映东亚副热带夏季风的季节变动、年际变化、年代际变化等特征。另外,该指数与我国160个测站降水的相关分析表明：高指数年,夏季季风强,华北、西南内陆及华南沿海地区多雨,江淮地区少雨;反之,低指数年,夏季季风弱,华北、西南内陆及华南沿海地区偏旱,江淮流域偏涝。最后,通过与其它四种有代表性的指数的对比,发现本指数在指示江淮夏季降水方面具有明显的优势。 相似文献
4.
1999年东亚夏季风异常活动的物理机制研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
文中从海-气相互作用的角度探讨了1999年东亚夏季风及与其相联系的雨带异常活动的物理机制。结果表明,由于1998年春季至1999年南海-热带西太平洋出现了近20 a最强的异常暧海温,该地强异常海-气相互作用的维持使得这种局地的热力强迫成为1999年东亚夏季风和降水异常的最主要外强迫机制,并使得1999年的季风活动和降水分布有别于一般的统计情形。从1998年秋到1999年,由于热带大气对南海-西太平洋暧海温所诱发的局地强加热的响应,热带西太平洋地区所出现的Gill模态的异常环流分布从冬季一直发展到夏季,并因此在海洋和大气之间形成了局地的强烈正反馈,不仅使得异常环流得以持续发展,而且也使得暖海温得以维持,成为影响1999年环流异常的最强前期信号。随着从冬到夏的季节演变,大气基本态对上述持续性异常环流的影响导致了冬、夏异常环流呈现出不同的纬向非对称,诱发了盛夏期间东亚到北美沿岸的遥相关波列。在东亚沿岸异常气旋性环流的影响下,大尺度异常东风在东亚沿岸的维持形成了极不利于季风西风在南海北部转向的条件,导致了季风在中国东部北进的异常偏弱和低纬西风转向位置的异常偏东。 相似文献
5.
前、后冬的东亚冬季风年际变异及其与东亚降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用ERA-Interim的再分析资料和NOAA海温、降水量等资料对前、后冬的东亚冬季风的年际变异特征及其与东亚降水的关系进行对比分析,并讨论了热带和中高纬系统影响东亚冬季风变异的相对重要性。前冬的东亚冬季风变异的主导模态为东亚全区一致变异型,即一致的北风偏弱或偏强;其次为南部变异型,主要表现为在我国南方-南海北部的东北风偏弱或偏强。而后冬的东亚冬季风变异的主导模态则为南部变异型,其次为东亚全区一致变异型。从前冬到后冬,东亚冬季风的主要变异模态的次序出现交叉更替。前、后冬的冬季风主要模态以年际变化为主,但后冬主导模态还显示出冬季风有变强的趋势。前、后冬的东亚冬季风的主导变异模态也影响东亚降水异常的位置。在前冬,冬季风异常主要影响我国华北、渤海-黄海海域以及朝鲜半岛和日本南部区域的降水异常,而后冬的冬季风异常则主要导致我国东南地区及其东侧附近的西北太平洋海区的降水异常。前冬的东亚冬季风的前两种主要变异模态都受到印度洋-太平洋海温和中高纬环流系统共同的影响;后冬的东亚冬季风的前两种主要变异模态则分别主要受ENSO和中高纬系统的影响。 相似文献
6.
A STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN EAST ASIAN WINTER MONSOON AND CLIMATE CHANGE DURING RAINING SEASON IN CHINA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 INTRODUCTION The Asian monsoon and its anomalies play an important role in the global general circulation and climatic change. As an essential component of the monsoon system, the East Asian winter monsoon is not only the most vigorous across the globe … 相似文献
7.
中国与印度夏季风降水的比较研究 总被引：37，自引：0，他引：37
本文用1951—1980年中国和印度的降水资料研究了两个地区在西南季风时期(6—9月)总雨量变化的关系。发现印度的雨量变化与中国各地雨量的相关关系有正、有负,最明显的是印度中西部与我国华北地区有较高的正相关。进一步对两个地区降水存在遥相关的原因进行了分析,发现南亚次大陆低压是联系两个季风区雨量变化的重要环节。中国季风雨量与印度季风雨量的相关趋势,主要决定于中国各地雨量与东亚夏季风强度的关系。 相似文献
8.
东亚-太平洋遥相关型形成过程与ENSO盛期海温关系的研究 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
利用1961～2000年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、扩展重建的海表温度资料(ERSST)和中国730个站旬降水资料,采用SVD和扩展SVD（ESVD）分析、合成分析、相关分析等方法,在分析中国梅雨期降水与同期大气环流和前期冬季海温之间关系的基础上,研究了ENSO盛期海温异常导致与长江流域梅雨期降水密切相关的东亚/太平洋（EAP）遥相关型形成的过程,及与ENSO相关的海温和大气环流异常的持续性问题。结果表明,梅雨期EAP遥相关型的出现与ENSO遥强迫作用有密切关系。联系冬季ENSO和梅雨期EAP遥相关型的关键过程主要有三个:（1）西北太平洋低纬地区异常反气旋环流的形成和维持, 它在冬季形成后一直可维持到夏季,使得夏季西北太平洋副热带高压偏南偏强;（2）东亚大槽持续偏弱,冷空气活动路径偏北偏东,使西北太平洋海温呈亲潮区偏冷、黑潮区偏暖的海温分布; （3）PNA遥相关型的持续发展,使北冰洋地区高度增高。后二者通过局地海气相互作用和大气内部调整过程对初夏鄂霍次克海阻塞形势的形成起重要作用。另外,持续性分析表明,ENSO年大气环流和海温距平型的持续性要比非ENSO年大得多。在ENSO年大气环流和海温之间存在很强的相互作用耦合关系,ENSO引起的大气环流异常可导致太平洋海温异常,而海温异常一旦形成反过来又可导致大气环流异常的稳定和维持,对后期初夏东亚季风和我国天气气候产生明显滞后效应。 相似文献
9.
对赤道东太平洋和西太平洋暖池海温与江淮流域夏季降水的关系作功率谱分析和相关分析.指出秋冬季增暖的厄尔尼诺事件对应江淮流域夏季降水偏多, 春夏季开始发展的ENSO事件江淮流域夏季降水偏少.对两种在不同季节增暖的ENSO事件对应的异常流场特征及其对江淮流域降水的影响用1991年和1994年实例作对比分析.不同季节增暖的ENSO事件在太平洋热带地区环流调整的不同阶段可能是影响夏季风活动和东亚夏季天气气候异常的主要原因. 相似文献
10.
A FURTHER STUDY ON INTERACTION BETWEEN ANOMALOUS WINTER MONSOON IN EAST ASIA AND EL NINO 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李崇银 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,(3)
The interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino is further stud-ied in this paper.The new results still more proved a previous conclusion:there are clear interac-tions between El Nino and winter monsoon in East Asia.The continual westerly burst andstronger cumulus convection over the equatorial central-western Pacific caused by stronger wintermonsoon in East Asia can respectively excite anomalous oceanic Kelvin wave and stronger atmo-spheric intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics,then excite the El Nino event through air-sea inter-action.In El Nino winter,there are warmer and weaker winter monsoons in East Asia.The El Ni-no will still reduce the intensity of intraseasonal oscillation and leads it to be barotropic structure. 相似文献
11.
12.
2012年我国夏季降水预测与异常成因分析 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
本文对2012年我国夏季降水的实况和预测进行简要回顾,发现2012年夏季降水大体呈北方涝、长江旱的分布,主雨带位于黄河流域及其以北,降水异常偏多的区域主要位于西北大部、内蒙古和环渤海湾,黄淮与江淮地区降水偏少,江汉至淮河上游一带干旱严重;预测的主雨带位于华北南部至淮河,较实况偏南。对我国北方降水异常偏多的成因分析表明:2012年夏季欧亚中高纬地区阻塞高压（简称阻高）强盛,同时东北冷涡活动频繁,中高纬500 hPa高度场从西至东呈“+-+”的分布,这种环流形势没有造成长江洪涝是因为东亚夏季风异常偏强,同时西太平洋副热带高压（副高）偏北,冷暖空气对峙于我国北方地区,导致北方降水异常偏多。分析还表明阻高、东北冷涡、东亚夏季风和副高这四个系统的不同配置影响着冷暖气流的对峙位置,进而形成我国夏季的主雨带。最后通过定量和定性判断相结合的方法,选取了2012年夏季降水的最佳相似年和最佳相反年,对比分析了2012年夏季降水与其最佳相似年和最佳相反年的海温演变与东亚夏季风环流系统主要成员的差异:1959年夏季降水作为2012年夏季降水的最佳相似年,虽然海温及东亚夏季风系统关键成员异常不明显,但是和2012年也呈近似相反的特征;而1980年夏季降水作为2012年夏季降水的最佳相反年,海温及东亚夏季风环流系统关键成员和2012年呈显著的反向特征,这些观测事实反映了我国夏季降水与海温及东亚夏季风环流系统关键成员这些主要影响因子之间关系的年代际变化。 相似文献
13.
ON THE PROCESS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER EAST ASIA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 andNCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,thedistribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in thispaper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asianregion from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropicalmonsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and therecurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.Thelatter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South ChinaSea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northwardshift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-floodrainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfallappeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China thenformed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoononset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into SouthChina Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
14.
15.
ENSO对其后东亚季风活动影响的GCM模拟研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
将１～３月赤道东太平洋海表水温距平（ＳＳＴＡ）引入大气环流模式,模拟研究了ＥＮＳＯ（厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜）对其后东亚季风活动的影响。结果表明,由于ＳＳＴＡ在大气中强迫激发出了大气低频振荡,使得ＥＮＳＯ对其后的东亚季风活动仍有明显影响。厄尔尼诺之后的夏季,西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏北且西伸明显,中国东部降水偏少,尤其是华北地区;厄尔尼诺之后的冬季,东亚大槽偏深,冬季风偏强。拉尼娜之后的夏季,中国长江下游为异常副热带高压单体控制,江淮流域雨量偏少;拉尼娜之后的冬季,东亚大槽偏弱,东亚冬季风偏弱。厄尔尼诺的影响比拉尼娜的影响略强,两者的影响并非完全反相。 相似文献
16.
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 and NCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,the distribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in this paper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asian region from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropical monsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and the recurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.The latter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South China Sea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northward shift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-flood rainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfall appeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China then formed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998 is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into South China Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
17.
Li Chongyin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,10(3):309-320
The interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino is further studied in this paper.The new results still more proved a previous conclusion:there are clear interactions between El Nino and winter monsoon in East Asia.The continual westerly burst andstronger cumulus convection over the equatorial central-western Pacific caused by stronger wintermonsoon in East Asia can respectively excite anomalous oceanic Kelvin wave and stronger atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics,then excite the El Nino event through air-sea interction.In El Nino winter,there are warmer and weaker winter monsoons in East Asia.The El Nino will still reduce the intensity of intraseasonal oscillation and leads it to be barotropic structure. 相似文献
18.
Effects of atmosphere-ocean interaction on the interannual variability of winter temperature in Taiwan and East Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigated the ocean-atmosphere interaction effect on the winter surface air temperature in Taiwan. Temperature
fluctuations in Taiwan and marine East Asia correlated better with a SST dipole in the western North Pacific than the SST
in the central/eastern equatorial Pacific. During the warm (cold) winters, a positive (negative) SST anomaly appears in marine
East Asia and a negative (positive) SST anomaly appears in the Philippine Sea. The corresponding low-level atmospheric circulation
is a cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomaly over the East Asian continent and an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation in the Philippine
Sea during the warm (cold) winters. Based on the results of both numerical and empirical studies, it is proposed that a vigorous
ocean-atmosphere interaction occurring in the western North Pacific modulates the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon
and the winter temperature in marine East Asia. The mechanism is described as follows. The near-surface circulation anomalies,
which are forced by the local SST anomaly, strengthen (weaken) the northeasterly trade winds in the Philippine Sea and weaken
(strengthen) the northeasterly winter monsoon in East Asia during warm (cold) winters. The anomalous circulation causes the
SST to fluctuate by modulating the heat flux at the ocean surface. The SST anomaly in turn enhances the anomalous circulation.
Such an ocean-atmosphere interaction results in the rapid development of the anomalous circulation in the western North Pacific
and the anomalous winter temperature in marine East Asia. This interaction is phase-locked with the seasonal cycle and occurs
most efficiently in the boreal winters.
Received: 22 October 1999 / Accepted: 5 June 2000 相似文献
19.
冬季赤道西太平洋环流状况与后期亚洲季风 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于月平均NCEP再分析资料(1958～1997年)以及中国336个台站月降水总量(195l～1994年),通过合成、相关以及统计显著性检验方法,研究了赤道西太平洋区域冬季环流状况与后期春夏季亚洲(东亚和南亚)季风环流变化的关系.研究结果表明,冬季赤道西太平洋环流状况对后期南亚季风和东亚季风以及我国夏季降水均有显著的滞后影响.冬季赤道西太平洋海域海平面气压偏高(低),对应反气旋(气旋)性环流异常,致使后期东亚和南亚夏季风均偏弱(强)以及我国长江流域夏季降水偏多(少),揭示了实施这种滞后影响的一般特征. 相似文献
20.
INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN NORTH PACIFIC SSTA AND EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Identification of key SST zones is essential in predicting the weather / climate systems in East
Asia. With the SST data by the U.K. Meteorological Office and 40-year geopotential height and wind fields by
NCAR / NCEP, the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon and north Pacific SSTA is studied,
which reveals their interactions are of interdecadal variation. Before mid-1970's, the north Pacific SSTA acts
upon the summer monsoon in East Asia through a great circle wavetrain and results in more rainfall in the
summer of the northern part of China. After 1976, the SSTA weakens the wavetrain and no longer influences
the precipitation in North China due to loosened links with the East Asian summer monsoon. It can be drawn
that the key SST zones having potential effects on the weather / climate systems in East Asia do not stay in one
particular area of the ocean but rather shift elsewhere as governed by the interdecadal variations of the air-sea
interactions. It is hoped that the study would help shed light on the prediction of drought / flood spans in China. 相似文献