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1.
Rowland RH 《Soviet geography》1990,31(9):657-678
"This article investigates economic region net migration patterns in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period. Net in-migration and net migration rate increases (compared to 1970-79) occurred in both the western and eastern portions of the Northern USSR region, while net out-migration and rate declines occurred throughout the Southern USSR. Net in-migration again occurred to Siberia, especially Tyumen' Oblast, and there was a reduced rate of net out-migration from the Nonchernozem Zone and Central Chernozem Region of European RSFSR." 相似文献
2.
Moscow, the global city? The position of the Russian capital within the European system of metropolitan areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the 1990s, the city of Moscow was subject to an extraordinary transformation in its political, economic and social structures, which had consequences for the position of Moscow within the national and international hierarchy of cities. This article is concerned with the trends that can be discerned regarding the position of Moscow on the national and European scales. Without a doubt, the development of Moscow is characterized by an increasing separation from the national urban system and a growing international orientation. The Russian capital has no competitors on the national level: measured against the relevant economic indicators it is a long way ahead of the remaining Russian cities, which are primarily integrated into national and regional economic flows, and participate in the global economy only to a limited degree. Moscow, in contrast, is increasingly striving to integrate itself into transnational and international economic structures. Although the concept of Moscow as a global city is often instrumentalized in municipal politics, the ability of the Russian capital to act as a global centre is in fact limited. At present Moscow's most important function, from a Central European perspective, is to act as a bridging link between Central and Western Europe and Russia. There is a danger that the spatial disparities between Moscow on the one hand, and the remaining Russian cities and regions on the other, will continue to grow. 相似文献
3.
We examine the approach to studying and forecasting promising markets of rational nature management. The relationships between higher educational institutions—centers of scientific research competences with other organizations are determined. It is found that the flow of knowledge from universities must generate stable regional networks (innovation clusters) to concentrate a significant part of markets. It is established that the most advanced innovation clusters emerged in regions with centers of potential interregional clusters in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Tomsk as well as in Perm krai and Tyumen, Belgorod and Kaliningrad oblasts. Largely on the basis of data on funding of state programs, we estimated the total potential volume of the market until 2020. For estimating the proportion of the regions in it, it is suggested that it will be higher if the organizations of relevant regional cluster show a higher publication and patent activity with a large number of interactions. Moscow will concentrate more than 20% and St. Petersburg about 10% of the market of rational environmental management. The total volume of national products and services will make up from 0.2 to 2% of the world market of the sphere under investigation by the year 2020; therefore, it is necessary to enhance the interactions of innovation organizations within the framework of cluster initiatives. But the main problem involves the absence of international cooperation. In fact, these efforts constitute one of the first attempts to study the sector associated with applied research of Earth sciences in Russia. 相似文献
4.
日本首都圈的建设及其经验 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文在介绍日本首都圈地域组成的基础上，分析其建设发展过程和五次规划的基本内容及其人口和产业的聚集状况，最后总结了日本首都圈建设成功的经验，即完善的法律保障体系、科学合理的规划引导和政府的推动与协调。 相似文献
5.
中国首都圈区域空间结构特征——基于分行业就业人口分布的实证研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
一般认为中国首都圈的空间结构是京、津双核心。本文基于首都圈地区第二次经济普查中分县市区18个行业就业人口数据,运用区域密度函数,对首都圈地区分行业就业人口分布与空间结构特征进行分析,探讨不同行业的区域空间结构。研究发现:首都圈并不是单纯的京、津双核结构,而是在不同行业上存在不同的结构特征。总体上,首都圈的确呈现京、津双核结构,就业人口集中在京、津、唐三地,尤以京、津为主。而分行业来看,大部分服务业,尤其是生产者服务业则呈现以北京为中心的单中心结构特征;而消费者服务业则大多呈现京、津双核结构;制造业、建筑业等第二产业呈现出京、津、唐三中心结构;而卫生社会保障和社会福利业、公共管理和社会组织等行业显示出以京、津、唐、保为中心的多中心结构。进而得出中国首都圈呈现以北京为中心,京、津双核明显,京津唐三足鼎立,京津唐保功能分异,秦皇岛、承德、张家口、沧州、廊坊共同发展的多中心空间格局。 相似文献
6.
7.
Rowland RH 《Post-Soviet geography》1992,33(9):569-590
"This paper investigates total and regional population characteristics in Moscow [Russia] during 1979-1989, specifically nationality, age, sex and education and their interrelationships. Population dynamics of Russians, Ukrainians, Jews, and, to a lesser extent, other groups are examined based on a regionalization scheme dividing the city into Inner Zone and Outer Zone [regions]. The same spatial framework is employed in an analysis of changes in the age and sex structures of the city's overall population, as well as in levels of education. Linkages between these characteristics and rates of housing construction, recent demographic history, and city migration policy are explored." 相似文献
8.
Krishan G 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1988,10(1-2):73-91
The author examines the process of urbanization in Delhi, India's National Capital Region. An urban plan for the metropolitan area that emphasizes decentralization is assessed, and the spatial distribution of the population is described. The central city, suburban areas, and transportation and communication systems that link them are also considered. 相似文献
9.
Soonthorndhada A 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1983,5(1-2):4-11
Female migration in Thailand, especially from rural areas to the Bangkok Metropolis, is an important migratory phenomenon which leads to an unfavorable population distribution. Generally the migration level in Thailand is low but many women from the rural areas, especially from the Northeast Region, move to Bangkok Metropolis to seek work. Findings reveal that the majority of migrants are young, single women. Women migrants find it relatively easy to participate in the Bangkok labor market. Service work is the main source of employment. For the temporary migrants, it was found that those from the Northeast Region tend to return to their hometown in higher proportion than those from other regions. This was particularly so among young women migrants. 相似文献
10.
Mantra IB 《The Indonesian journal of geography》1980,10(40):43-54
An analysis of internal migration in two regions, or dukuh, of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia, is presented. Three types of migration are identified, commuting, circular migration, and out-migration. The focus of the study is on the increase in commuting and circular migration that has occurred since the 1970s; its relationships with education, agricultural innovation, and improved transportation; and the importance of circular migration as a link between rural and urban areas. 相似文献
11.
Lardies R 《International journal of population geography : IJPG》1999,5(6):477-491
This paper examines new North European immigration into two Mediterranean regions and identifies the characteristics of North European entrepreneurs who work in small tourist businesses. Data used for analyses were gathered from 169 questionnaires addressed to small tourism firms and other tourism-related businesses in Cataluna (Spain) and Languedo (France). Also, the North European entrepreneurs are examined within the context of new migration flows into South European regions from the north of the continent. As for the reasons for moving to these South European regions, company formation and the style of running the businesses are found to be less motivated by the need for work than by lifestyle considerations. The results suggest that international migration theory offers little to explain these new migratory flows. 相似文献
12.
Kornev IN 《Soviet geography》1983,24(5):361-368
A basic task in population geography is to investigate the spatial aspects of Soviet population policy. The concept of a demogeographic region is proposed as an approach for planning and managing demographic processes. A demogeographic region is an area with a certain combination of conditions and factors affecting demographic processes in order to endow it with distinctive tendencies in the evolution of demographic processes and structures and, as a result, with a given type of demographic indications. A demogeographic regionalization should be considered as a particular type of general economic regionalization. A method of identifying demogeographic regions with particular reference to the region Sverdlovsk Oblast has been worked out. It involves several steps. A preparatory stage involves the study of the territorial characteristics of urbanization in the oblast and the use of the field potential technique to identify areas with different levels of urbanization. The field potential of settlement makes it possible to establish spatial concentrations of population and the gravitation of places within the field of settlement, which are the basic features of contemporary urbanization. The number of minor civil divisions of Sverdlovsk Oblast was classified on the basis of demographic characteristics reflecting population change, age and sex structure, natural increase, and migration. The pattern recognition method, which makes it possible to combine into classes those elements that come closest to each other in terms of a series of attributes, was used. The entire set of minor civil divisions in Sverdlovsk Oblast was divided into 4 classes that differed in the quantitative parameters of demographic characteristics. These classes happen to have a fairly compact distribution within the oblast so that these classes could also be treated as territorial types of demographic setting. The plotting of these types on a map of the field potential of settlement yielded 3 demographic regions within the oblast: a Central Region with a high level of urbanization and steady population growth; a Peripheral Region with a low level of urbanization and a pronounced population decline; and a Transition Region with a medium level of urbanization, broken down into 2 subregions A (with stable population) and B (with declining population). The spatial and functional linkages between urbanization and demographic processes that can be identified within demogeographic regions suggest that any modification of some processes will affect others. This is crucial for controlling the spatial development of urbanization and demographic processes. Consequently, the demographic setting within Sverdlovsk Oblast can be optimized by controlling the demographic development within demographic regions. That proposition is illustrated with some examples. 相似文献
13.
基于空间化PageRank算法的人口流动空间集聚性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种基于空间化PageRank算法的人口流动空间集聚性分析方法。在PageRank算法的基础上增加空间节点间要素流量大小(F)的加权作用以及距离因子(Dst)所引起的流动成本和阻力效应,使该算法具备针对空间网络模型的分析能力,通过对人口流动网络模型中的节点进行集聚性排序,描述人口流动的空间特征。以华东六省一市人口流动状况为例,PR值、区域人口总流入量(RTI)和流动人口密度区位商(MLQ)的计算结果对比表明:空间化PageRank算法可以客观地评估空间节点吸引力,并弥补了总流入量等简单人口学统计指标对于现象背后驱动机制表达不足的缺点。 相似文献
14.
Rowland RH 《Post-Soviet geography》1992,33(3):150-169
"This article investigates regional population trends in the city of Moscow during the intercensal period of 1979-1989. Results indicate that the Outer Zone grew more rapidly than the Inner Zone, which experienced population decline overall. As a result, the population of Moscow continued to shift to the Outer Zone. Although the Inner Zone still had a higher population density, the density gradient between the zones had flattened appreciably. Regional population growth rates were strongly and positively related to changes in housing space." 相似文献
15.
莫斯科是俄罗斯首都和最大的城市,在国家社会经济发展中扮演着极其重要的角色。1990年代以来,伴随着俄罗斯实施市场经济的进程,莫斯科的城市建设和发展发生了巨大的变化。本文从莫斯科的行政区划、城市职能、土地利用和城市总体规划的演变总结了莫斯科城市建设和发展的新趋势,以期窥见俄罗斯在新的历史条件下城市发展的新动向。 相似文献
16.
在“一带一路”与“中蒙俄经济走廊”倡议的背景下,利用人口增减变化率、人口重心、人口密度变化率、人口地理集中度、人口商度等研究21世纪以来俄罗斯的人口增长与空间分布格局变化。结果表明：（1）21世纪以来,俄罗斯人口经历了先降后增的变化过程;中央区的人口显著上升,伏尔加、西伯利亚与远东区均呈下降趋势;莫斯科、圣彼得堡、乌拉尔区、北高加索区南端的联邦主体人口快速增加,西伯利亚区多数联邦主体人口缓慢增加,远东东部、莫斯科外围地域、伏尔加区多数联邦主体的人口缓慢减少,西北区北端联邦主体的人口急剧减少。（2）俄人口空间分布格局变化主要受地区间人口迁移流动的影响。空间上,俄人口重心不断朝西北向迁移,莫斯科市与圣彼得堡市的人口密度快速增加,远东与东西伯利亚区的人口密度缓慢降低,强化了俄人口分界线——“圣彼得堡-图瓦线”。以“圣图线”为界,俄“西密东疏”“欧洲密、亚洲疏”的格局短期不会改变,整体呈“一横、四纵、两团”及若干区域人口集团的空间结构。 相似文献
17.
欧洲多中心城市区域的研究进展和应用实践 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以"多中心城市区域"(PUR)为代表的城市群体空间的发展已经成为欧洲空间发展与规划的重要特征,以"多中心发展"为目标、"城市区域"为单位的欧洲"多中心城市区域"研究和规划取得了大量的研究成果。PUR的研究以城市密集地区形态—功能的多中心性之间的契合关系为重点,探讨这一类型区域的动态发展模式及其多中心性、互补性、连通性、协同性和外部性等属性特征,并且在PUR的定量测度上进行了较多卓有成效的工作,同时在以ESDP为代表的欧洲空间规划中获得了广泛的应用。虽然对这一领域的研究已经取得了丰硕的研究成果,进行了一系列的实证研究和数量分析,但由于PUR概念本身的模糊性、原型区域的局限性以及政策实施过程中出现的地方性问题等因素的存在,使得这一理论概念和规划策略的研究尚需进一步的深入,其应用价值尚需进一步的观察和评估。对西方尤其是欧洲PUR研究成果的吸收和所存在问题的反思构成了主要研究内容。在对欧洲PUR的研究基础、属性特征、定量测度和研究应用等多个方面引介和评论的基础上,提出了加强对城镇密集地区的研究、强化PUR各种属性的定量实证分析以及借鉴和吸收欧洲PUR研究与规划思想等一些适用于中国城市群空间规划中获得了广泛的应用。虽然对这一领域的研究已经取得了丰硕的研究成果,进行了一系列的实证研究和数量分析,但由于PUR概念本身的模糊性、原型区域的局限性以及政策实施过程中出现的地方性问题等因素的存在,使得这一理论概念和规划策略的研究尚需进一步的深入,其应用价值尚需进一步的观察和评估。对西方尤其是欧洲PUR研究成果的吸收和所存在问题的反思构成了主要研究内容。在对欧洲PUR的研究基础、属性特征、定量测度和研究应用等多个方面引介和评论的基础上,提出了加强对城镇密集地区的研究、强化PUR各种属性的定量实证分析以及借鉴和吸收欧洲PUR研究与规划思想等一些适用于中国城市群空间规划与研究的借鉴与启示。 相似文献
18.
Demyanovskiy VS 《Soviet geography》1983,24(9):671-683
3 groups of USSR cities are used to study the correlation between city size and the mean annual city growth rates of: 1) oblast capitals of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics (RSFSR) with diversified machine building; 2) industrial cities of the RSFSR and the Ukraine based on heavy machine building; and 3) small and medium sized textile towns. Results show that the closeness of the relationship between growth rates and city size increases with the number of comparable attributes. The principal factors included are: the level of organization of the city, including its size; its functional and industrial sectoral structure; the degree of saturation with industry; and type of city, probably the key characteristic. The more highly developed a city is, the more important an ntegrated focus it becomes. On the other hand, the lower the level of organization of the city, the more its development will be determined by the function of place. Growth rates of small and medium sized textile towns over the last 20-36 years are roughly 1/5 of the growth rates of oblast capitals and large industrial cities with machine building. Overall, cities of the central economic region constitute a complex system that breaks down into the rhythms of systems of a given type and of different types at various levels of organization. Although cities that are homogeneous in terms of functional, industrial, sectoral, and territorial factors display a correlation between mean annual growth rates and population size, only by looking at these factors in combination, rather than counterposing them to one another, can we identify the objective regularities underlying the growth of cities. 相似文献
19.
J.R. Tarrant 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1982,2(2):127-141
EEC food aid is made available as one of several methods of reducing the problems of structural surplus within European agriculture. Although the majority of the aid goes to countries in need, there is no direct relationship between the severity of the need and the volume of aid. The links between food aid and European agricultural policy ensure that it is largely additional to other forms of aid. Since much of the food received as aid is sold by the recipient governments it provides a source of indirect financial aid which would not be forthcoming from elsewhere should the food aid be withdrawn. There is likely to be both a continuing need for financial assistance to the Third World and a continuation of food aid. It is important that the food aid should be effective aid, not necessarily in directly increasing food consumption in recipient countries but through its role in overall development funding. For this reason it is important that the use of the money raised by recipients through the sale of the food aid should be effectively monitored by the EEC and that food aid should be coordinated with other forms of aid to form a multi-year programme of assistance. 相似文献
20.
中国城市间投融资网络结构及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于企业网络联系构建城市网络研究是近年来的研究热点。以往研究多运用企业总部与分支机构的空间位置关系建立企业内部联系,以构建城市网络,缺少从企业间实际联系层面对城市网络的研究。本文利用企业间跨城市投融资关系建立城市联系并探究其驱动机制,为中国城市网络研究提供了新的思路。研究发现：①2013—2016年全国企业间跨城市资本流动数量不断增加,全国范围内投融资覆盖面越来越广,资本越发集中于大城市。②中国资本流动城市网络基本形成了以京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝地区以及武汉等城市为重要节点相互联系的空间结构,京深、京沪和深沪是网络中最重要的城市联系对。③长三角城市群内部联系最为密切,形成的城市网络最为复杂,资本活跃程度高;京津冀、珠三角城市群内部城市间联系相对较弱,“核心-边缘”结构分化较为严重。④中国城市网络嵌入在独特的制度环境中,市场和政府作用共同导致了城市网络空间结构演化。 相似文献