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本文阐述了合成孔径雷达的成像特征和判读方法，着重对各类地形要素影象进行了解译分析，并针对ＳＡＲ的成像特点对相同地区不同摄影时间，相同地区不同极化方式的图像进行了对比分析和图像增强及彩色合成研究，总结了一套解译ＳＡＲ图像各类地形要素的方法。 相似文献
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海洋雷达后向散射回波主要来自短重力波的Ｂｒａｇｇ 散射,这种散射与海面风场信息、边界层涡旋等密切相关。因此,可以从雷达散射截面反演风场信息。对１９９４ 年４ 月航天飞机成像雷达（ＳＩＲＣ／ＸＳＡＲ）获取的南中国海合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ） 图像进行了分析研究。利用ＳＩＲＣ 数据,从ＳＡＲ 图像谱提取了风向;根据ＣＭＯＤ４ 模型,从Ｃ波段雷达后向散射系数反演风速;利用双尺度散射模型对反演的风速进行了对比分析。结果表明,从ＳＩＲＣ雷达数据可以反演海面风矢量,星载ＳＡＲ是提取海面风场信息的有效技术手段之一。 相似文献
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航天飞机成像雷达海面风矢量观测研究——以1994年4月南中国海试验区为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
海洋雷达后向散射回波主要来自短重力波的Ｂｒａｇｇ散射,这种散射与海面风场信息、边界层涡旋等密切相关。因此,可以从雷达散射截面反演风场信息。对１９９４年４月航天飞机成像雷达（ＳＩＲ－Ｃ／Ｘ－ＳＡＲ）获取的南中国海合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像进行了分析研究。利用ＳＩＲ－Ｃ数据,从ＳＡＲ图像谱提取了风向;根据ＣＭＯＤ４模型,从Ｃ波段雷达后向散射系数反演风速;利用双尺度散射模型对反演的风速进行了对比分析。结 相似文献
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SAR图像斑点噪声的小波软门限滤除算法 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
本文介绍利用小波分析和软门限对合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像斑点噪声（Ｓｐｅｃｋｌｅ）进行抑制与滤除的算法。首先选择合适的小波基对合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像进行小波分解,应用Ｄａｖｉｄ Ｌ．Ｄｏｎｏｈｏ软门限理论,并且将其推广到２维信号。针对ＳＡＲ图像斑点噪声的特殊性,即在小波变换域内图像和斑点噪声的奇异性不同,选取合适的门限在小波域内滤波。最后进行小波反变换得到去噪后的ＳＡＲ图像。实验证明,该算法能 相似文献
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机载SAR图像的快速几何纠正算法及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《测绘学院学报》1999,(4)
选择了一种形式较为简单、适应性较好的数学模型作为ＳＡＲ 成像的构像模型,在此基础上提出了因快速纠正要求ＳＡＲ 成像系统在成像过程中应提供的设计参数和动态参数, 阐述了在数字地面模型支持下的ＳＡＲ 图像快速几何纠正的原理和方法, 并展望了机载ＳＡＲ 图像的快速纠正在灾害监测中的应用前景。 相似文献
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针对合成ＳＡＲ图像的构像方程，提出了一种基于星历参数和辅助数据把地距图像转化为斜距图像，采用数学模型进行几何处理，此种数学模型适合于不同的地区的ＳＡＲ图像的处理。 相似文献
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基于分形理论的SAR图像边缘检测 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
分析了ＳＡＲ图像的基本特点,阐述有ＤＦＢＲ模型表达ＳＡＲ图像的基本原理,提出两种基于分形理论的ＳＡＲ图象边缘检测方法。通过对传统方法、分形方法和多尺度分形方法的特性分析和实验,说明了分形方法有较强的抗干扰性能,适用于ＳＡＲ图象的边缘检测,并且基于多重分形的方法能获得更好的检测结果。 相似文献
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本文着重研究ＥＲＳ－１／２ＳＡＲ图像的几何纠正方法和雷达正射影像图的制作技术。在几何纠正方法研究方面,本文采用三种方法进行了几何纠正。方法一,采用了仿射变换算法进行粗级纠正;方法二,采用多项式变换算法进行中级纠正;方法三,采用Ｋｏｎｅｃｎｙ等效共线方程为基础的ＳＡＲ图像正射投影变换算法。在ＤＥＭ支持下,实现了ＥＲＳ－１／２ＳＡＲ正射影像图的制作。 相似文献
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提出一种针对近红外和可见光图像匹配的改进ＯＲＢ算法,首先通过引入ＢＲＩＳＫ算法构建金字塔的思想进
行图像金字塔的构建,然后对探测出的特征点进行子像素和尺度上的进一步插值,得到修正后的特征点,最后将特
征点按匹配质量得分大小进行排序,采取逐渐增大采样样本数的策略进行误匹配的剔除,并根据非随机性和极大值
策略停止“采样－验证”循环。实验结果表明,提出的改进算法与ＯＲＢ算法相比,在近红外图像上提取特征点数增
加了１７．２１倍、在可见光图像上提取特征点数增加了１２．３４倍、正确点对数增加了２３．１１倍;基于渐进采样一致性算
法进行误匹配点对的剔除,其用时与经典ＲＡＮＳＡＣ算法相比减少约１４％。 相似文献
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Abstract Space shuttle photographs and satellite radar (SAR) images provide an excellent view of high‐contrast ocean features such as internal waves, fronts, eddies, oil slicks, and cloud patterns which contain the signatures of atmospheric processes. Since ocean internal waves generate local currents which modulate surface wavelets and slicks, we have been able to detect packets of internal waves in space shuttle photographs and radar imagery of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. A global database on internal waves has been developed at our center with support from ONR and NASA, and is accessible on the Internet. The database includes visible and radar imagery. To test the database, digitally orthorectified images were used for dynamic and statistical analysis of internal waves. In the deep ocean we found the wavelength distribution to be Gaussian while in the coastal ocean it is Rayleigh. Results have also been applied to non‐linear evolution studies of ocean internal waves, atmospheric solitary waves and to estimate ocean currents. 相似文献
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SAR图像海岸线检测的区域距离正则化几何主动轮廓模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星遥感图像可以极大地提高全国海岸线覆盖频率,然而受到海洋波浪所引起的随机海水表面粗糙度的影响,海岸目标与海水背景边界易混淆不清,因此本文提出了基于区域距离正则化几何主动轮廓模型(RDRGAC),引入距离正则项,解决重复初始化水平集函数为符号距离函数的问题,提高了算法收敛速度。此外,将区域面积项系数与SAR图像等效视数(ENL)建立非线性拟合关系,实现RDRGAC模型根据不同SAR遥感图像的自适应调整,改善海岸线自动提取精度。通过河北省北戴河和大连市金州湾SAR数据海岸线提取对比试验,验证了所提方法的有效性。 相似文献
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SAR影像中海洋浮油膜特征分割的Level Set方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了一种全新的区域影像分割技术--基于迎风格式偏微分方程（PDE）的Level Set方法进行海洋浮油膜特征提取.在该方法中,海洋浮油膜特征表示为扩散界面,影像灰度的梯度决定了界面扩散的方向和强度.界面边缘在影像灰度差异动力和曲率流的共同作用下不断向外扩散,能够有效地克服尖锐突起和裂缝等,在特征边缘趋于稳定和光滑.同时,该方法对高噪声具有一定抑制作用,适用于低对比度高噪声图像,特别是SAR图象中特征提取.以不同地区ERS-2 SAR图像中海洋浮油膜提取为例,进行方法验证,同时对传统的影像分割技术进行对比. 相似文献
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利用雷达干涉数据进行城市不透水层百分比估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人工不透水层是城市地区的重要特征.作为城市生态环境的关键指数,不透水层百分比(Impervious Surfaces Percentage, ISP)常用于城市水文过程模拟、水质面源污染及城市专题制图等研究中.本文利用ERS-1/2 重复轨道雷达干涉数据,采用分类与回归树(CART)算法探究了雷达遥感在城市ISP估算中的可行性和潜力,并与SPOT5 HRG光学遥感图像的估算结果进行了分析比较.香港九龙港岛实验区的初步研究结果表明,雷达干涉数据在城市不透水层研究中具有一定的应用潜力,特别是裸土和稀疏植被的ISP估算结果要好于光学遥感,这主要得益于雷达干涉数据(特别是长时间相干图像)在人工建筑物和裸土或稀疏植被之间具有很强的区分能力,另外,雷达干涉数据和光学遥感数据间的融合能够提高ISP估算精度. 相似文献
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机载SAR影像地表要素解译试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
雷达影像以其全天候、全天时、穿透力强的工作能力,成为当前摄影测量与遥感领域的研究热点,近年来机载SAR系统在国内外得到快速发展和应用。本文介绍了高分辨率多极化机载SAR数据的特点,论述了SAR影像的正射纠正,分析了不同地表要素在机载SAR影像中的成像特点和解译方法,并与光学影像作了对比,得出了基于SAR影像地表要素解译的几点看法。 相似文献
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A polarimetric model to relate the degree of polarization, DoP, to the sea surface scattering with and without oil slicks, under low-to-moderate wind conditions, is proposed. DoP, measured directly from the Mueller scattering matrix, is shown to be a reliable measure of the departure from Bragg scattering; a phenomenon that, under low-to-moderate wind conditions, occurs when an oil slick is present. Following this theoretical rationale, a simple filter is developed to observe oil slicks in quad-polarimetric full-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Experiments, undertaken on a meaningful set of quad-polarization Single Look Complex (SLC) C-band RADARSAT-2 SAR data, where both well-known oil slicks and a weak-damping look-alike are in place, demonstrate the soundness of the model and its effectiveness from an operational viewpoint. 相似文献
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S. C. Sharma N. Rajendran A. K. Grover G. S. Srivastava 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1990,18(4):45-64
The paper describes the details of a comparative study of geological interpretations carried out from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, Landsat MSS (B & W) imagery and Aerial Photographs, covering 2100 sq km of area in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The area comprises Peninsular—Gneissic Complex and rocks of Dharwar and Cuddapah Super Groups beside the Quaternary alluvial deposits along the Penneru river and its tributaries. Geomorphologically the areas is represented by denudational, fluvial and structural landforms. The study indicates that the details of the geological and geomorphological maps prepared from SAR imagery and aerial photographs are comparable despite the smaller scale of SAR imagery while the same are not exhibited in Landsat imagery mainly due to its low resolution. Although broad lithological units are possible to be discriminated on SAR as well as aerial photographs, some of the finer rock types viz. gabbroic dykes could be discriminated from the delerite dykes in the SAR imagery due to their different surface roughness. Stereoscopic coverage and enhanced micro-relief of SAR imagery gives better geomorphological details in comparison to aerial photographs. A detailed study of lineaments has also been carried out which shows that in SAR imagery there is over-representation of short lineaments due to enhanced micro-relief and radarshadow effects across the look direction and under-representation of lineaments along the look direction. Landsat imagery is perhaps the best for demarcating lineaments of regional magnitude while aerial photographs are good for depicting shorter lineaments. However, certain lineaments seen in SAR imagery are often not continuously seen on aerial photographs. 相似文献
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Hyangsun Han Jae-In Kim Chang-Uk Hyun Seung Hee Kim Jeong-Won Park Young-Joo Kwon 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(5):650-669
ABSTRACT Surface roughness of sea ice is primary information for understanding sea ice dynamics and air–ice–ocean interactions. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a powerful tool for investigating sea ice surface roughness owing to the high sensitivity of its signal to surface structures. In this study, we explored the surface roughness signatures of the summer Arctic snow-covered first-year sea ice in X-band dual-polarimetric SAR in terms of the root mean square (RMS) height. Two ice campaigns were conducted for the first-year sea ice with dry snow cover in the marginal ice zone of the Chukchi Sea in August 2017 and August 2018, from which high-resolution (4 cm) digital surface models (DSMs) of the sea ice were derived with the help of a terrestrial laser scanner to obtain the in situ RMS height. X-band dual-polarimetric (HH and VV) SAR data (3 m spatial resolution) were obtained for the 2017 campaign, at a high incidence angle (49.5°) of TerraSAR-X, and for the 2018 campaign, at a mid-incidence angle (36.1°) of TanDEM-X 1–2 days after the acquisition of the DSMs. The sea ice drifted during the time between the SAR and DSM acquisitions. As it is difficult to directly co-register the DSM to SAR owing to the difference in spatial resolution, the two datasets were geometrically matched using unmanned aerial vehicle (4 cm resolution) and helicopter-borne (30 cm resolution) photographs acquired as part of the ice campaigns. A total of five dual-polarimetric SAR features―backscattering coefficients at HH and VV polarizations, co-polarization ratio, co-polarization phase difference, and co-polarization correlation coefficient ―were computed from the dual-polarimetric SAR data and compared to the RMS height of the sea ice, which showed macroscale surface roughness. All the SAR features obtained at the high incidence angle were statistically weakly correlated with the RMS height of the sea ice, possibly influenced by the low backscattering close to the noise level that is attributed to the high incidence angle. The SAR features at the mid-incidence angle showed a statistically significant correlation with the RMS height of the sea ice, with Spearman’s correlation coefficient being higher than 0.7, except for the co-polarization ratio. Among the intensity-based and polarimetry-based SAR features, HH-polarized backscattering and co-polarization phase difference were analyzed to be the most sensitive to the macroscale RMS height of the sea ice. Our results show that the X-band dual-polarimetric SAR at mid-incidence angle exhibits potential for estimation of the macroscale surface roughness of the first-year sea ice with dry snow cover in summer. 相似文献
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利用方向性粗糙度特征对SAR图像目标检测的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从反映纹理信息的粗糙度特征出发,深入研究利用方向性粗糙度特征对SAR图像进行目标检测的方法.方向性粗糙度特征是用指数小波在一个尺度上对检测图像滤波,对特定大小目标用能量关系函数求得各像素点在一个方向上的分形特征.针对MSTAR数据和ADTS数据的SAR图像,确定了用该方法检测目标时的最优参数.分别用方向性粗糙度特征和恒虚警率(CFAR)方法对上述两种不同波段的SAR图像进行目标检测,检测结果表明:方向性粗糙度特征能以更低虚警率检测出全部特定大小的目标,而且目标空间可分辨性好、位置指示准确. 相似文献
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自适应距离和模糊拓扑优化的模糊聚类SAR影像变化检测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对模糊聚类算法的不足,结合差分影像的特点,提出一种基于自适应距离（adaptive distance）和模糊拓扑（fuzzy topology）理论的SAR影像变化检测技术框架（FATCD）。FATCD首先基于自适应距离公式提出一种自适应的样本到聚类中心的距离计算方法,优化了聚类过程中像元隶属度的计算公式,提高了模糊隶属度函数的准确程度;而后利用模糊拓扑理论改进传统去模糊化方式最大隶属度原则,从而增强了去模糊化过程。借助这两点,FATCD提高了模糊聚类变化检测的性能。两组真实SAR影像数据的试验结果表明本文方法可行、有效。 相似文献