共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
2.
冰川构造是冰川“侵蚀-堆积-变形”三位一体的重要组成部分,比单纯的冰川地貌与沉积记录分布范围更广、保存能力更强,但中低纬地区研究程度较低。本文利用地貌学、运动地层学和释光年代学方法,对西藏东部玉曲河源地区冰川构造进行研究的结果表明,区内存在两期具有不同运动性质和运动方向的冰川构造作用,其性质特征具有显著的时空分异,在时间上主要与冰川规模及其派生的冰川动力条件差异有关,在空间上主要与冰床下伏基岩性质、区域和局部地貌条件以及排水条件的差异有关;根据上覆地层年代资料,推测其形成年代不晚于倒数第二次冰期。综合区域资料认为,约自中更新世晚期以来,河源区先后经历了分别由冰原过程、山谷冰川过程、泛冰过程和河流过程主导的四个阶段。本研究有助于区域较老冰川作用的识别与重建,也可为传统地质构造和冰川构造的甄别,区域变形特征解释和历史重建,以及断层活动性的有效鉴别提供理论与方法上的支持。 相似文献
3.
4.
本文通过地面地质调查和地震资料的构造解释,研究了准噶尔盆地南缘构造变形特点及变形主控因素。认为准噶尔盆地南缘构造变形具有南北分带、东西分段和上下分层的变形特点,构造样式为逆冲断层相关褶皱,包括断冲褶皱、断展褶皱、滑脱褶皱、断弯褶皱和断束褶皱。构造形成时间主要是在第四纪,其中喜马拉雅运动Ⅲ幕主要影响到变形后缘山前推举带的变形,早更新世末期的新构造运动使准噶尔盆地南缘全面变形,形成现今构造格局。研究证明,在构造变形中起决定作用的是侏罗系煤层,其分布范围决定了变形范围,其厚度决定了变形强度和应力向前传递的远近程度。 相似文献
5.
庐山早更新世冰川作用构造特征与辨析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
庐山地区,在下述地点发现早更新世冰川作用构造:1.庐山东南麓瓷土矿采区,有巨砾犁入基岩、基岩剪切包裹体和小型倒转褶皱构造;2.庐山西北麓羊角岭,有剪切拖曳构造与注入构造;3.花山北坡,有注入挤压型构造。对这些构造的成因,有冰川说与非冰川说之别。笔者根据各种外营力构造变形模式的分析与类比,认为前一种认识是合理的。 相似文献
6.
通过对天山乌鲁木齐河源冰川底床基岩与沉淀物显微结构构造分析,对大陆性山岳冰川冰下过程的认识更加深入.沉积物微观结构和构造特性显示冰川底部存在较大的挤压应力作用,由显微滞碛等现象来看,压应力在微观上的空间分布很不均匀.沉淀物中块体碎裂和基岩上冰成裂隙反映,冰川底部冰体对基岩面有巨大的剪切应力作用.滑塌构造说明,冰川底部在微小的区域内压力分布不均匀,局部有重力作用过程存在.沉淀物中块体断裂和同生变形构造的存在说明沉淀物的形成过程为先期沉淀、后期受压.通过对冰川底部各种动力作用特征的阐述及沉淀物结构、构造的成因及特性的总结,认为大陆性山谷冰川底部冰岩界面处存在水膜,且冰川运动亦有滑动性. 相似文献
7.
运用构造解析的原理和方法,对在老虎山地区新发现的震旦纪地层的构造叠加、构造置换进行研究,划分出５个构造变形世代。震旦系是一套经历了多期次、多体制、多层次构造变形的古在底,从而为研究北祁连山带的构造演化提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
8.
帕米尔弧形构造带是印度-欧亚板块碰撞变形最强烈的地区之一,是研究构造过程、地貌演化以及气候变化及其相互作用的理想场所。本文基于前人的研究成果,对帕米尔弧形构造带新生代构造单元、地貌特征和动力学演化模型进行了总结归纳,包括:主要构造单元的活动起止时间、活动量及活动速率;帕米尔弧形构造带现今的地貌特征(水系和冰川的分布);帕米尔弧形构造带6种主要的地球动力学演化模型的主要样式、优点及限制。论文提出了帕米尔弧形构造带晚新生代构造研究的三个重要的科学问题:精细厘定构造带内部的不同断裂带运动学特征和相互关系;深部地质过程与浅部响应相结合,探讨构造带形成的深部地质过程控制;将构造过程、气候特征与地貌演化作为一个耦合系统开展研究。 相似文献
9.
显观、微观和超微观构造研究揭示了华北聚煤区南部三大滑脱构造系统所处的不同构造环境,聚煤区南缘逆冲推覆构造带作为秦岭—大别造山带北侧区域性逆断层系的前锋端元,具有中浅层次韧脆性变形域特点;徐淮推覆—滑覆构造系统为盖层薄皮构造,属于中浅层次—浅层次的韧脆性—脆性变形域;豫西滑覆构造区则主要属于板内伸展体制下的浅层次脆性变形域。 相似文献
10.
11.
Sedimentary and tectonic development of a high-arctic, thrust-moraine complex: Comfortlessbreen, Svalbard 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
DAVID HUDDART MICHAEL J. HAMBREY 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1996,25(4):227-243
The glaciotectonic processes that have shaped the morphology and structural geology of the Comfortlessbreen thrust-moraine complex are shown to be largely proglacial in origin, with the development of low-angle thrusts, nappe-like structures and folds. The propagation of the deformation has extended into the glacier foreland. A style of deformation called the 'englacial deformation zone' explains the incorporation of subglacial debris into the ice by thrusting and subsequent deposition of thrust sheets is inherited from the ice structures. A model for thrust-moraine development and its possible chronology at Comfortlessbreen emphasizes the role played by glaciomarine sediment in facilitating deformation and also the role of thrusting, rathcr than pushing, in moraine formation. The importance of sediment type in controlling the overall development of the moraine is emphasized and a comparison to illustrate this control is made with neighbouring Uvrsbreen. 相似文献
12.
文中探讨叠合盆地差异构造变形特征及其对油气聚集的控制作用。叠合盆地差异构造变形受控于多期构造演化导致的多期构造应力场转换、多种变形介质变化以及多方位边界条件的变化,主要表现为:(1)受关键构造变革期应力场转换制约的分期差异构造变形,早期一般受区域伸展作用形成垒 堑构造,中期由于板块聚敛活动形成冲断滑脱和潜山 披覆构造,晚期在叠置的前陆盆地形成褶皱 冲断带;(2)受大型主断裂带控制的分带差异构造变形,这些大型主断裂带一般与先存基底断裂或基底软弱带有关,不同构造带的变形强度呈有规律变化;(3)受多层次滑脱带控制的分层差异构造变形,深层次滑脱构造变形主要表现为与盆山耦合有关的滑脱拆离变形,中层次滑脱构造表现为基底层系的滑脱拆离,浅层次滑脱构造表现为与盐膏岩或泥页岩有关的塑性构造变形;(4)受构造转换带控制的分段差异构造变形,区域性转换带本身常成为重要的横向构造带,不同构造段之间变形样式和运动学过程具有较大差别,局部构造转换带往往形成有利的油气圈闭。差异构造变形与烃源岩发育、油气成藏期、圈闭形成演化、油气藏形成和分布及油气保存条件密切相关。 相似文献
13.
冰岩界面的冰川动力学是冰川系统的重要组成部分, 海螺沟冰川地处温暖湿润的海洋环境, 冰川运动速度较快, 冰川底部接近压融点, 是研究冰下过程的较理想地点. 在海螺沟冰川大型磨光面上浅显侵蚀坑内发现了碎屑物质. 对碎屑物质理化特征研究表明: 粒度特征、地球化学与石英砂SEM 分析表明沉积在冰岩界面上的物质来自于冰川底部的底碛层, 而不是冰上环境的产物. 偏光显微镜下观察到的冰下沉积物呈现出一系列塑性变形(微旋转、褶皱)和脆性变形(线性结构、支撑结构、断层)微观结构和构造. 两种变形结构的存在是碎屑物质在形成过程中其含水量波动情况的反映. 冰下碎屑物质是冰下融出、滞碛作用的共同产物. 在整个冰下碎屑物质形成与变形过程中, 由于冰下水系季节性变化带来的冰岩界面上冰川融水含量的波动起了决定性作用. 相似文献
14.
The Subandean zone of southern Bolivia is a typical thin-skinned fold and thrust belt with remarkable regularity in the geometry of the structures. However, when the structural geometry and evolution are analyzed in detail, it is verified that there are many deviations from such regularity. In this paper, special emphasis has been placed on analyzing those processes that could explain the along strike variations in structural styles of the deformation front.Particularly, the role that played the upper detachment level in the development of the different structural styles observed along the deformation front is analyzed herein. This analysis is focused on the development of overpressures, which may have been essential for the activation of the detachment level in the Devonian shales of the Los Monos Formation. To do this, we made a series of 1D petroleum system models at different locations along the deformation front. This analysis allowed to model primary gas generation and secondary cracking — processes that are related to overpressure occurrence, and therefore, to the efficiency of the upper detachment level. The models suggest a close relationship between thermal evolution of the foreland basin and generation of gas, with different structural styles observed at the deformation front. Thus, it was possible to divide the deformation front of the southern Subandean zone into two distinct segments. In the northern segment, where models suggest that gas generation and overpressures of the Los Monos Formation would be well developed, the existence of composite roof duplexes is verified. On the other hand, where the models suggest that generation of gas in the Los Monos Formation would be limited, the upper detachment level is not involved in the deformation, and the existence of fault bend fold structures is verified. 相似文献
15.
Kongsvegen, a surge‐type glacier in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, shares a tide‐water margin with the glacier Kronebreen. The complex has been in retreat since a surge advance of Kongsvegen around 1948. The surface of Kongsvegen displays suites of deformational structures highlighted by debris‐rich folia. These structures are melting out to form a network of sediment ridges in the grounded terminal area. The structures are also visible in a marginal, 1 km long, 5–20 m high cliff‐face at the terminus. Current models for the evolution of deformational structures at Kongsvegen divide the structures into suites based on their orientation and dip, before assigning a mechanism for genesis based on structure geometry. Interpretation of aerial photographs and field mapping of surface structures suggest that many structures were reorientated or advected during the surge. We suggest that many of the deformational structures highlighted by debris‐rich folia represent reorientated, sediment‐filled crevasses. Some evidence of thrusting is apparent but the process is not as ubiquitous as previously suggested. Many deformational structures also appear to have been offset by more recent structures. Mechanisms of structural development must, therefore, be considered within the context of distinct stages of glacier flow dynamics and multiple surge episodes. Furthermore, evidence for thrusting and folding within the glacier systems of Svalbard has been used as the basis for interpreting Quaternary glacial landforms in the UK. The findings of this paper, therefore, have implications for interpretations of the Quaternary record. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
G.S. Boulton J.J.M. Van Der Meer J. Hart D. Beets G.H.J. Ruegg F.M. Van Der Wateren J. Jarvis 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1996,15(10):961-987
The glacier Sefstrombreen in Spitsbergen surged across an arm of the sea between 1882 and 1886 and rode up onto the island Coraholmen. Marine and terrestrial geological observations and archive records show that the glacier advanced on a deforming carpet of marine mud which was eroded from its original location, transported, and smeared over the sea bed and Coraholmen as a deformation till. The glacier emplaced about 2108M3 (0.2 km3) of drift in the terminal 2 km of its advance in a maximum of 14 years, leaving a thickness of up to 20 m on Coraholmen, which was doubled in size as a result.During the surge, subglacial muds were characterised by high water pressures, low effective pressures and low frictional resistance to glacier movement. Original sedimentary inhomogenities permit fold structures to be identified, but repeated refolding and progressive remoulding produce mixing and homogenisation of deformation tills.The surge was probably shortlived, and as the heavily crevassed glacier stagnated, underlying water saturated muds were intruded into crevasses and then extruded on the glacier surface. Reticulate “crevasse-intrusion” ridges on Coraholmen and the sea floor reflect the orientation of surge generated crevasses. Water and sediment was also extruded beyond the glacier at its maximum extent, to form extensive flows producing “till tongues” both on Coraholmen and the sea floor extending over 1.3 km from the glacier.It is argued that subglacial deformation of pre-existing sediment will almost invariably be associated with glaciation of marine areas and that this process will not only produce deformation tills through remoulding of pre-existing sediments, but will also play a fundamental role in glacier dynamics. Criteria which permit glacial tills produced by such events from marine and glaciomarine muds are discussed. 相似文献
17.
孟加拉湾若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
孟加拉湾若开褶皱带位于印度-缅甸山脉西部山前,由NNW—SSE向带状分布的多排背斜构成,其构造特征研究仍然十分薄弱。本文通过钻井资料和二维地震反射剖面精细构造解析,尝试分析若开褶皱带晚新生代构造特征,重点关注若开褶皱带的滑脱层发育特征及背斜几何学及运动学特征,结果表明若开褶皱带发育多个滑脱层:①底部滑脱层,位于约6.5s(双程走时)处;②中部滑脱层,层位存在变化,可能位于第四系底部或上中新统下方约2.5s处。在区域挤压作用下,若开褶皱带发育与底部滑脱层和中部滑脱层相关的滑脱褶皱,构造变形主要受控于底部滑脱层,而中部滑脱层影响了局部构造变形。生长地层记录显示若开褶皱带构造变形自东往西迁移,变形前缘形成于第四纪。基于构造分析结果提出了若开褶皱带褶皱变形的两种运动学端元模型:模型1中不发育中部滑脱层,滑脱褶皱发育于底部滑脱层之上;模型2中发育中部滑脱层,滑脱褶皱发育于中部滑脱层和底部滑脱层之上,形成上、下两套构造层。若开褶皱带背斜几何学和运动学特征受下伏滑脱层控制,背斜在走向上叠置、分叉可能暗示着背斜下伏滑脱层在走向上发生了改变。流体超压可能是影响若开褶皱带构造变形的重要控制因素。 相似文献
18.
Denis Samyn Sean J. Fitzsimons Reginald D. Lorrain 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(8):1849-1857
Structural analyses were conducted in the basal zone of an Antarctic glacier. The studied basal ice sequence was retrieved
from a 20-m-long subglacial tunnel dug at the margin of the glacier and is at the temperature of −17°C. For the first time,
rotating clast systems embedded within debris-rich ice were thin-sectioned using specially designed cutting techniques. The
observed structures reflect the occurrence of pervasive shearing at the base of the glacier, and can be used as shear sense
indicators. In addition, some of these structures provide evidence for the presence of thin liquid films at the time of formation
despite the marked freezing temperature of the ice. It is showed here that cautious analysis of deformation structures present
in debris-bearing ice may bring insights not only into the flow dynamics of the embedding matrix, but also into the behaviour
of the interstitial fluid network at the base of cold glaciers and ice sheets. 相似文献
19.
桂中坳陷北部河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对典型实测地质剖面的综合构造解释和变形缩短量的估算,发现河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带在逆冲方向、构造样式和变形缩短强度上具有明显的分段性:河池段和宜山段变形强度中等,变形样式分别为由北向南逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造和叠瓦状构造;柳城段变形强度最大,为由南向北逆冲的叠瓦状构造;英山段变形最弱,为由北向南逆冲兼有走滑性质的正花状构造。河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带内部发育的横向调节带和纵向传递带对不同区段构造样式和变形强度具有调节作用。最后,结合区域变形特征,探讨了河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带差异变形的成因机制。 相似文献