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由于境外铁矿床位置偏远, 现场研究困难, 旨在探讨苏必利尔湖型铁矿的高光谱遥感蚀变信息提取方法, 为境外找矿提供依据.鉴于传统蚀变信息提取方法的局限性, 研究了在二维光谱特征空间中提取蚀变信息的方法.高光谱影像经主成分变换后, 包含较多地物信息的两个主成分的二维光谱特征空间体现了各向异性的特点, 不同地物的聚类常呈类似椭圆分布.在蚀变信息的聚类椭圆中圈定散点, 并应用波谱特征拟合, 将异常散点的平均光谱与美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey, USGS)光谱库中的矿物光谱匹配, 确定蚀变矿物类型.以苏必利尔湖型铁矿——巴西Aguas Claras铁矿区为例, 提取了赤铁矿、绿泥石等蚀变矿物, 结果表明矿物的类型和分布与该区地质概况吻合. 相似文献
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能源勘查、岩石矿物识别、矿物丰度制图以及成矿远景区圈定是高光谱技术发展和应用的主要方向。CASI/SASI航空高光谱数据可以在同一平台下同时获取覆盖可见光-近红外-短波红外光谱段的光谱信息, 且光谱分辨率和空间分辨率远远优于多光谱及星载高光谱数据, 所以在矿物蚀变信息提取中具有广泛的应用前景。以柳园研究区为研究对象, 对CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感矿物过程中的关键技术进行了实验研究, 确定出航空高光谱矿物蚀变信息提取流程, 并对研究区蚀变矿物进行识别、填图。通过与研究区地质资料和前人实地勘探资料对比得出, 研究区CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感蚀变异常结果与现实状况相当吻合。 相似文献
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为提高高光谱混合像元分解精度, 利用地物多角度二向性反射平台和ASD FieldSpec3 Hi-Res便携式地物波谱仪, 设计等距离/等面积实验, 考虑探测距离远近对混合光谱的影响, 获取不同覆盖条件下叶片与方解石的混合光谱, 找出光谱数据空间特征变化规律, 提出等距离/等面积模型来消除空间位置对混合光谱的影响, 并将模拟混合光谱与实测混合光谱进行对比.通过实测数据分析, 混合反射率分布的权重系数随探测单位面积点与探头距离呈高斯变化规律; 与线性模型和线性改进模型进行光谱混合模拟结果相比, 应用权重系数高斯分布规律以等距离/等面积模型进行混合光谱模拟, 其模拟结果相似度平均增加了1.20%, 均方根误差平均降低了7.78%.等距离/等面积光谱混合模型考虑了光谱空间变化特征, 提高了光谱混合模拟的精度, 为进一步研究高光谱数据混合像元分解提供了新的方法. 相似文献
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依据油砂中烃类的微渗漏和油砂组分光谱特征响应原理,利用Hyperion高光谱影像提取和识别与油砂分布相关的波谱信息,进行非常规油气能源--油砂分布的有利区预测。根据油砂所致烃类微渗漏的地表特征可知,低植被覆盖区的异常以矿物异常为主,中、高植被覆盖区的异常以植被异常为主。利用归一化植被指数表征地表植被的不同覆盖程度：当其值为[0.0,0.4）时,采用SAM（spectral angle method）提取矿物异常信息;当值为[0.4,0.7]和（0.7,1.0]时,分别采用LIC（lichenthaler index）和CTR（carter indices）方法提取植被异常信息。同时,为确保提取的矿物和植被异常信息的产生是由油砂中烃类的微渗漏所导致,以野外油砂反射光谱为端元,运用光谱角分类方法提取油砂信息,并将其与获取的矿物和植被异常信息进一步应用空间叠置分析确定油砂分布有利区。结果表明,综合运用野外实测高光谱数据和高光谱影像数据能够较准确地预测出研究区中油砂的分布位置。因此,应用高光谱影像进行油砂分布的有利区预测,可为未来利用遥感技术深入研究油砂可采储量评价提供参考依据。 相似文献
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高光谱成像作为目前遥感领域最先进的技术,在地质应用中取得了巨大成功。岩石和矿物由于电子过程和分子振动可以产生特征的光谱吸收,因此可以利用高光谱技术进行岩矿填图,快速且准确地获取区域内岩石和矿物的分布情况,进而圈定有潜力的找矿靶区。岩矿高光谱通过对岩矿信息的提取可获得矿物类别和矿物丰度分布甚至矿物化学成分的填图结果,识别方法包括光谱匹配、模式识别和人工智能方法 3大类。GF-5卫星上搭载的高光谱成像仪覆盖度宽、光谱分辨率和信噪比高,满足矿物精细识别和大比例尺、大面积岩性填图的要求,应用前景广阔。青藏高原地区矿产资源丰富、岩体裸露但地势偏远,有利于高光谱遥感蚀变矿物填图,开展区域找矿工作。同时,高光谱遥感凭借其空间尺度优势,可以方便快捷地获取区域整体信息,结合地球化学的时间信息,可为青藏高原关键地质科学问题的解决提供新的视角。提升岩矿高光谱遥感的定量化和智能化水平,将传统地质学方法获得的地下深部资料与遥感手段获取的地表数据结合,是促进地质遥感和地球系统科学发展的重要途径。 相似文献
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秦岭群条带状混合岩矿物空间分布的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于条带状混合岩具多成因,因此,研究混合岩关键的问题之一是确定其成因。矿物空间分布特征可以用来区分混合岩的成因。本文研究表明,石英正长岩质黑云杆状混合岩其脉体、基体均为聚集分布,为分异作用形成,并同变形作用有关。用Wilcoxon秩和检验对比了花岗岩和含榴矽线黑云条带混合岩的脉体,结果表明两者的矿物空间分布一致,且趋于随机分布,这些脉体为部分熔融或注入形成。区域变质岩趋向于规则分布。组成混合岩的不同部分在矿物空间分布上可有也可以没有差异,例如,含榴矽线黑云条带混合岩中古成体同脉体有明显差异,而石英正长岩质黑云杆状混合岩基体和脉体无差异。 相似文献
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岩心光谱属于混合像元光谱,维度多、数据量大,在端元数量、端元光谱及混合矩阵未知的情况下,定量解译岩心光谱以提取岩心所含矿物信息难度大,噪声的存在使问题更加复杂。文章应用PCA和ICA法定量解译岩心光谱主要有三步:采用PCA法预处理混合像元光谱矩阵,在新的特征空间中保留特征值较大的少量特征矢量,有效滤除能量较小的成分,只保留主要成分信息,同时滤除数据中的噪声;采用ICA法分离岩心混合像元,得到混合像元中的端元光谱集,通过矿物识别获取岩心矿物成分;对端元光谱进行归一化处理,基于线性光谱混合模型进行丰度反演,得到岩心混合像元中各端元丰度。通过研究仿真数据获得光谱定量解译的一般规律,创建有效的算法模型,再处理实际测量的岩心光谱,获得了比较理想的结果。 相似文献
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Krishnendu Banerjee Manish Kumar Jain 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(2):239-247
This work illustrates the effectiveness of hyperspectal image spectroscopy and lab spectroscopy in identification techniques of minerals in alteration zone of ore body. The adopted procedure involves testing of Hyperion image spectra, their processing for noise, spectral matching and spectral similarity measurement with selected library spectra. Average weighted spectral similarity; visual and statistical matching techniques were used to select end-members from image spectra. Minimum noise fraction and pixel purity index technique were used to retrieve end-member spectra from hyperion image. Hyperspectral image like hyperion has the capability to deliver laboratory standard spectroscopic result. This paper illustrates the capability of hyperion image spectra in copper ore identification and mapping of chalcopyrite outcrop. A systematic approach has been made in this paper. This approach describes how image end member spectra and laboratory spectra can be co-related to fetch accurate spectral form of chalcopyrite ores. Thus, statistical and graphical comparison has been carried out between image derived end member spectra and laboratory spectra of chalcopyrite for better accuracy. The visual measurements is satisfactory, R = 0.973 for fine and 0.976 for medium grained chalcopyrite ore. Excellent statistical significance levels (90–97%) are found while comparing these spectra. There are many success stories of sub-pixel and N-dimensional feature space methods to separate the hydrothermal alteration zones from iron oxide mixed ore bodies. Thus, unmixing methods are very useful for mapping of most dominating mineral parts of a pixel from hyperspectral images which have coarse spatial resolution. Finally, mapping of mineralized zone has been achieved through sub-pixel based classifiers like spectral angle mapper (SAM), constrained energy minimization (CEM) and adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) techniques. 相似文献
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Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) is an image-processing technique used for the analysis of airborne hyperspectral remote-sensing data which consist of a large number of spectral bands, typically over 100. In this paper the possibilities are examined of using SMA for the analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data with only six bands in the visible to shortwave-infrared wavelength. We use data from a semi-arid area in the Sanmatenga province of Burkina Faso, an area known to experience land-degradation problems. In SMA, we assume that pixels in an image consist of one or more homogeneous (uniform in character) or pure surfaces, the so called end-members. The end-members were derived from the image data on the basis of specific image characteristics. Field data was collected to describe the characteristics of these end-members in terms of land cover, soil and degradation phenomena. The end-members derived from the image analysis, although statistically pure in terms of image spectral characteristics, prove to be mixtures at a field scale. This lack of purity is explained by the nature of semi-arid areas which is more heterogeneous than that of most other areas. The SMA yielded cover percentages for the end-members from which an unsupervised classification was made. Comparison of the classification with the results of SMA shows that the latter provides information on the amount and spatial distribution of land characteristics such as land degradation. 相似文献
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沉积岩系互稀释混合元素丰度关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
二元混合成国岩石元素丰度（ｘ，ｙ）遵守分式线性函数定律:式中ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ为丰度关系常数，它们只和岩系中两个已知岩石（１和２）中元素丰度（ｘ１，ｙ１；ｘ２，ｙ２）有关，并等于其镜像∑变换（混合变换）（ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ）＝∑∑|ｘ１，ｙ１；ｘ２，ｙ２|（２）元素丰度关系常数中，如果ｂ与Ｃ之比值小于零时，元素丰度ｙ＝Ｘ呈互稀释混合关系。 相似文献
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为增强植被覆盖区羟基和碳酸盐矿物的吸收特征, 提高矿物信息提取精度.通过模拟单像元内新鲜植物、干枯植物、羟基和碳酸盐矿物的混合光谱, 发现在一定波段范围内4种端元的特征波段处吸收深度呈显著线性关系, 并建立了羟基和碳酸盐矿物的植物校正吸收深度(vegetation corrected continuum depths, VCCD)模型.将模型应用于黑龙江呼玛的Hyperion影像, 提取了高岭石和方解石矿物信息.在去除河床、道路等干扰信息后, 经野外实地验证和室内岩石鉴定, 矿物信息提取结果较好. 相似文献
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This study examines linear spectral unmixing technique for mapping the surface soil types using field spectroscopy data as the reference spectra. The investigated area is located in North Sinai, Egypt. The study employed data from the Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite sensor with improved spatial and spectral resolution. Mixed remotely sensed image pixels may lead to inaccurate classification results in most conventional image classification algorithms. Spectral unmixing may solve this problem by resolving those into separate components. Four soil type end-members were identified with minimum noise fraction and pixel purity index analyses. The identified soil types are calcareous soils, dry sabkhas, wet sabkhas, and sand dunes. Soil end-member reference spectra were collected in the field using an ASD FieldSpec Pro spectrometer. Constrained sum-to-one and non-negativity linear spectral unmixing model was applied and the soil types map was produced. The results showed that linear spectral unmixing model can be a useful tool for mapping soil types from ETM+ images. 相似文献
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Saro Lee Hyun-Joo Oh Chul-Ho Heo Inhye Park 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2014,6(3):373-392
This study aims to elaborate on the mineral potential maps using various models and verify the accuracy for the epithermal gold (Au) — silver (Ag) deposits in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment assuming that all deposits shared a common genesis. The maps of potential Au and Ag deposits were produced by geological data in Taebaeksan mineralized area, Korea. The methodological framework consists of three main steps: 1) identification of spatial relationships 2) quantification of such relationships and 3) combination of multiple quantified relationships. A spatial database containing 46 Au-Ag deposits was constructed using GIS. The spatial association between training deposits and 26 related factors were identified and quantified by probabilistic and statistical modelling. The mineral potential maps were generated by integrating all factors using the overlay method and recombined afterwards using the likelihood ratio model. They were verified by comparison with test mineral deposit locations. The verification revealed that the combined mineral potential map had the greatest accuracy (83.97%), whereas it was 72.24%, 65.85%, 72.23% and 71.02% for the likelihood ratio, weight of evidence, logistic regression and artificial neural network models, respectively. The mineral potential map can provide useful information for the mineral resource development. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study is to analyze relationships between epithermal Au‐Ag deposits of the hydrothermal type and related geological factors and integrate the relationships using probabilistic and statistical models in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. A variety of spatial geological data were compiled, evaluated and integrated to produce a map of potential Au and Ag deposits in the Gangreung area, Korea. This empirical approach assumes that all deposits shared a common genesis. The method consists of three main steps: (i) identification of spatial relationships; (ii) quantification of such relationships and (iii) integration of multiple quantified relationships. A spatial database containing Au and Ag deposits, topographic, geologic, geophysical and geochemical data was constructed using a GIS. The factors relating to 103 Au and Ag mineral deposits are the geological data such as lithology and fault structure, geochemical data including the abundance of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, conductivity, Cr, Cu, Eh, Fe, HCO3–, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, pH, Si, Sr, V, W, Zn, Cl?, F?, PO43?, NO2?, NO3? and SO42?, and geophysical data including Bouguer and magnetic anomalies. Using the constructed spatial database, the relationships between mineral deposit areas and 36 related factors are identified and quantified by probabilistic and statistical modeling; that is, likelihood ratio, weights of evidence and logistic regression. All the factors were combined to produce a map of the regional mineral potential using the overlay method in a GIS environment. The mineral potential map was then verified by comparison with known mineral deposits. The verification results give respective accuracies of 82.52%, 72.45% and 81.60% for the likelihood ratio, weights of evidence and logistic regression models, respectively. The mineral potential map can be used as a source of basic information for mineral resource development. 相似文献
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Yang Jianjun 《《地质学报》英文版》1992,66(2):191-196
In order to eliminate the defect of successively separative calculations of different end-members of a min-eral and to establish a widely applicable new scheme for calculating mineral end-members, the use of the linearprogramming technique is proposed to calculate simultaneously all end-members in this paper. All calculationswith the scheme under study can result in non-negative values. In the case of calculating end-members ofclinopyroxene, the Eskola's molecule is introduced so as to reach stoichiometry. When certain minor elementsin solid solutions are present in a remarkable amount, by adding to the equations the vectors of the corre-sponding end-members and adjusting the component vectors it is possible to obtain calculation results, in-cluding those of such end-mempbers. The possibility of using the calculation scheme under study to estimate theFe~(3+)/Fe~(2+) ratio of a mineral from electron microprobe analysis is also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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When mineral solutions of different compositions are mixed, the molalities and activities of individual ions in the mixture are often non-linear functions of their end-member values. This non-linearity is particularly significant in determining mineral saturation levels. Mixtures of saturated solutions may be either undersaturated or supersaturated depending on the end-member compositions and the physical conditions in which end-members and their mixtures exist. In carbonate solutions important non-linear effects occur due to redistribution of carbonate species. In extreme cases this causes mixture pH to be below both the end-member pH values. A simple but precise computer program (WATMIX) has been developed for calculating mixture composition for closed and open system mixing of arbitrary end-members. A number of mixing examples are considered which allow one to isolate three important processes leading to non-linear behaviour: the algebraic effect, the δPCO2 effect, and the ionic strength effect. 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):491-499
Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches. 相似文献