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1.
景观镶嵌结构是景观异质性的重要表现,同时又是各种生态过程在不同尺度上作用的结果。本文以北京市野鸭湖湿地自然保护区为区域背景,以RS、GIS和GPS为技术手段,监测获取了1996-2002年研究区域湿地土地利用／土地覆盖景观空间格局变化,探讨了土地利用/土地覆盖景观空间格局变化对湿地环境的影响。故此,对1998-2000年和2000-2002年湿地资源景观镶嵌结构的动态变化进行详细分析。结果表明:(1)利用遥感信息多尺度、多时相、多波段的特点,在GIS、GPS技术的支持下,能够快速及时准确地反映湿地景观类型的动态变化,为湿地资源监测、保护与利用提供科学依据。(2)借助景观生态学中的相关原理,通过景观空间格局计算模型解释不同类型湿地景观的分布、变化,剖析湿地景观演化机制,为湿地景观规划与评价服务。(3)分析认为,野鸭湖湿地景观格局发生了较大的变化,水域面积减少严重,耕地面积增长幅度不高,旅游用地和堤坝面积明显增加。(4)湖泊和沼泽草甸是控制和影响湿地景观格局的主体。野鸭湖整个湿地景观的破碎化程度降低,人类活动干扰湿地在不断减弱,湿地景观异质性在逐渐降低,斑块之间的连通性提高,生境斑块相互之间的隔离度大大减少,湿地景观趋向稳定。 相似文献
2.
A study on landscape mosaic structure in urban-rural area in Northwest of China with RS and GIS 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
At the study area of Xigu District in Lanzhou City, using RS & GIS as tools we apply Diversity, Dominance, Fragmentation,
Isolation and so on to study the quantitative, fractal and spatial characters of landscapes structures in the four sub-regions
divided by the morphological features. Using the Fractal Theory to establish the fractal structure models, we analyze the
complexity and stability of various landscapes distribution with fractal dimension value. The spatial distribution characteristics
of landscape mosaic structure are also expounded. At the end of the paper we discuss the relevant problems on the main factors
which control and effect on the spatial pattern of landscapes as well as on landscape optimization and management.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40171069).
Biography: XU Jian-hua (1965 - ), male, a native of Gansu province, professor. His research interest includes Geo-computation
and GIS. 相似文献
3.
Mountain Land Use Planning of Metropolitan Suburbs： the Case of the Jinyun Mountain and Its Surrounding area, Chongqing, China 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
SHAO Jingan WEI Chaofu XIE Deti 《山地科学学报》2005,2(2):116-128
Open space of metropolitan suburbs in mountain region, has been increasingly becoming the coupling mosaic structure of industrial actions and landscape behaviors. However, the local governments, when making land use planning, often aim at economic development, and rarely refer to the coordination of compatibilities and conflicts between industrial actions and landscape behaviors in the mosaic structure. In this study land use in the Jinyun Mountain and its surrounding area, Chongqing is adjusted by gray multi-objective programming approach and local-level decision-making process to cope with conflicts between objectives for human welfare and objectives for landscape conservation. The results indicate that： 1） the compatibilities and conflicts among different behavior characters and different landscape types result in the compatibilities of landscape to human behavior; 2） a land use planning in the study area is produced based on the sustainable land use and social-eco development, which pays more attention to the resources and environment constraints and economic objectives, and follows the distribution law of rare resources; 3） in the study area, cultivated land of 1,207.27 ha can meet the demands for food and byproducts by the residents there, orchard land and forestland of 632.55 ha, 2,276.61 ha, respectively can provide enough spaee for the local people to improve their living structure and meet their demands for reereational activities, and urban residential land, rural residential land, mining land and transportation land of 1107.60 ha, 120.27 ha, 162.48 ha, 100.91 ha, respeetively can satisfy the resident＇s eeonomie development and infrastructures; 4） the equilibrium among industrial actions, landscape accessibility and ecological conservation can be obtained by analyzing the possible impaets of human activities on landscape eeologieal proeess in open spaee of metropolitan suburbs in mountain areas. 相似文献
4.
景观视觉评价是评判景观视觉资源价值的重要方式。本研究从景观视觉的综合定量评价角度出发,设计基于基本视觉元素与景观视觉敏感度的综合评价指标体系,提出一种基于GIS空间分析与模糊层次分析法的景观视觉综合评价方法,利用综合视觉指数分别从整体视角和单因子视角客观揭示景观视觉资源的分布特征及其影响因素。以泰山风景区为研究区的实验结果显示：单因子视角中,玉皇顶、天烛峰、碧霞祠等景点分别在视域范围、相对坡度敏感度、相对距离敏感度等侧面具有最高的评分。综合视角下,景观视觉指数最高的景点为玉皇顶（0.819）,最低的景点为桃花峪（0.180）。通过与基于用户打分的景点评价结果的对比,验证了本方法的可靠性与先进性,为定量化描述与评价景观视觉资源提供了一种新的研究思路和研究方法,也为景区综合发展规划及景点的开发保护提供了客观的参考依据和决策支持。 相似文献
5.
Based on the theories of landscape ecology,landscape eco-environment in the coutrol watershed by reser-voir of Erlong Mountain in Heilogjiang Province was analyzed and assessed by using GIS technique and statistical model of Principal Component Analysis and Spatial Cluster Analysis.It is found that 100.08km^2(36%) of the total area is in the state of kilter,85.73km^2(31%) of the total area is in the state of general,and 47.26km^2(17%) and 15.48km^2(16%) is in the relatively poor state and ideal state.According to landscape ecological structure,there are three land-scape function areas being planned and designed.1) Agricultural landscape function area:its developmental direction is tour agriculture and high-benefit agriculture.2)Eco-environment protected function area:the direction of development and utilization of this region is to develop vigorously forest for soil and water conservation ,and try to increase the rate of vegetation cover.3)Forest landscape function area:rational cut and utilization of forest resources,space optimization disposal of category of forest ,foster of forest and protection of wildwood will become the main development directions for this region.This study trys to provide scientific foundation for ecological restoration of the whole valley and its sustain-able development. 相似文献
6.
基于GIS、RS技术,本文利用长株潭地区1989年、1996年、2000年和2008年4个时期的LandsatTM/ETM+遥感影像提取景观类型数据,运用景观生态学理论和方法对该地区景观格局特征,及其变化特征进行了研究,并探讨了研究区景观格局动态变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:1989-2008年的近20年中,长株潭地区各景观类型的面积发生了显著变化,主要表现为林地、耕地向建设用地转化;从研究时段来看,研究区景观类型变化速率逐步加快。研究区斑块数量和密度持续增大,最大斑块指数持续减小,景观破碎化程度升高;从景观多样性指数与均匀度指数的变化可以看出,景观格局的多样性增加,且均度增强;同时,由景观形状指数增长说明斑块形状趋于复杂化。影响景观格局变化的驱动因子主要是人为因素中的人口增长、经济发展及政策引导作用。 相似文献
7.
黄河三角洲湿地景观格局动态变化分析 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
在RS和GIS技术的支持下,以黄河三角洲1986,1996,2006年的三期TM影像为数据源,利用遥感图像处理软件对近代黄河三角洲湿地信息进行了提取.借助于地理信息系统软件和景观生态学软件,我们对20年来黄河三角洲湿地景观格局的动态变化,以及影响其格局动态变化的驱动力进行了分析.结果表明:(1)近20年来,人工湿地面积有了大幅度的增加,而天然湿地的比重在降低.其中,滩涂和柽柳灌草丛景观明显萎缩.(2)一些重要的景观格局指数的计算结果表明,20世纪90年代以来,黄河三角洲湿地景观斑块个数、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数一直在增加.黄河三角洲湿地景观的破碎化程度在加剧,斑块类型更加多样化,湿地景观中没有明显的优势类型且各斑块类型在景观中均匀分布.(3)湿地与湿地、湿地与非湿地之间发生着类型转化.其中,18.1%的芦苇草甸转化为农田;26.6%的翅碱蓬草甸转化为盐田;11.9%的芦苇沼泽转化为芦苇草甸.(4)在黄河三角洲湿地演化的过程中,受到自然和人为方面演化驱动力的共同作用.其中,自然因素主要有:黄河断流、泥沙淤积和自身演替动力等.人为驱动力主要为农田开垦、滩涂的开发与围垦、油田开发和人工建筑等. 相似文献
8.
城市生态地区规划的GIS分析应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GIS(地理信息系统)是当前在城市规划领域广泛运用的新技术手段。本研究根据景观生态格局分析原理,构建数据模型,并通过GIS平台对模型中的变量参数进行空间还原,以栅格图表的形式对数据模型进行具体解释,实现了空间分析数据的图形化关联,使其突破了纯数学意义层面的定量研究,所得的分析图表作为生态分析研究的数据支撑,辅助决策于城市生态地区规划中关于规划结构、开发强度等规划内容的确定。研究进一步拓展了GIS在城市规划领域中的应用,丰富了规划的定量化研究。 相似文献
9.
地学信息图谱综合了地学景观规律性、简洁性和数学模型的抽象性,它是现代空间技术与我国传统研究成果结合的产物,它可反演过去、预测未来。基于地学信息图谱原理与表达方法,采用遥感与地理信息系统技术,通过对松嫩平原西南部水域1979、2001年两期遥感数据,进行水域遥感信息图谱变化研究与图谱分析表达。研究表明,1979年松嫩平原西南部水体总面积为2018.22km2,2001年面积为1488.12km2,减少了530km2,水域变化的动态度为1.01%,主要影响因素是土地沙化、草地退化以及过度的人为开发造成的。通过多种景观指数图谱理论来表达水域的变化特点,反映水域要素的相关性和数量关系。利用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的方法,对松嫩平原西南部遥感水域信息,反演了研究区的水域动态变化。 相似文献
10.
The changing patterns of watersheds in a landscape, driven by human activities, play an important role in non-point source pollution processes. This paper aims to improve the location-weighted landscape contrast index using remote sensing and GIS technology to account for the effects of scale and ecological processes. The hydrological response unit(HRU) with a single land use and soil type was used as the smallest unit. The relationship between the landscape index and typical ecological processes was established by describing the influence of the landscape pattern on non-point source pollution. To verify the research method, this paper used the Yanshi River basin as a study area. The results showed that the relative intensity of non-point source pollution in different regions of the watershed and the location-weighted landscape contrast index based on the minimum HRU can qualitatively reflect the risk of regional nutrient loss. 相似文献
11.
西安市城市边缘区空间识别与边界划分 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
城市边缘区研究的首要任务是对城市边缘区进行空间识别和边界划分。针对现有研究存在的指标选取过于单一或繁杂、水陆分离导致划分间断等问题,利用西安市SPOT-5、Landsat TM遥感影像和社会统计数据,分别从物理、景观、人口3个视角出发,选定不透水面盖度与景观絮乱度作为主要判别指标,人口密度作为辅助指标,构建城市边缘区识别指标体系。运用信息熵法和突变检测法,量化并可视化西安市城市边缘区的空间范围。结果表明：① 所选取指标沿着城乡梯度表现出独特的空间信息,根据指标的城乡空间异质性特征可以识别出城市边缘区的空间范围,且方法更科学,界定结果更精确。② 西安市呈现出明显的城市核心区、城市边缘区、农村腹地的圈层结构特征。道路牵引与政策调控对城市边缘区的空间分布有重要影响。本研究可为城市边缘区其他相关研究提供科学参考和依据。 相似文献
12.
本文以济南市泉水补给区为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析方法,在其景观变化分析的基础上,参照中国陆地生态系统的生态服务价值系数,估算了泉水补给区生态服务功能价值变化,重点分析景观变化对研究区生态服务功能的影响,进而为区域可持续发展和城市建设提供理论支持。结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,泉水补给区耕地和草地景观面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地和建设用地景观面积大幅增加,其中,以林地面积增加最大;从景观类型转化看,耕地与其他景观类型相互转化较为密切,特别是与建设用地和园地之间的转化;林地面积的增加主要来源于草地和耕地;(2)泉水补给区生态服务功能价值主要由林地和耕地景观生态服务价值构成,其变化对该研究区生态服务价值变化起决定作用;从生态服务价值构成类型来看,该地区土壤形成与保护服务功能单项价值所占比重最大,约占总服务功能价值的20%;(3)90年代以来,该地区总生态服务价值呈增加趋势;从单项服务价值变化来看,水源涵养、废物处理和食物生产服务功能价值则呈现出减小趋势,其中,以水源涵养减幅最大,为4.01%,主要是由该区建设用地增加,地面硬化面积增多而引起的。研究认为,济南市南部山区作为重要的泉水补给区,其生态服务功能尤为重要,特别是水源涵养功能,因此,研究区水源涵养服务功能价值的降低应在今后南部山区开发过程中得到足够的重视与保护,逐步增加泉水补给区的整体生态效益。 相似文献
13.
景观指数的空间尺度效应分析——以厦门岛土地利用格局为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取8个常用的景观指数,以厦门岛土地利用格局为例,分析景观指数随粒度变化的基本规律。探讨尺度效应对景观格局的影响,为基于景观指数进行不同尺度下土地利用类型、土地利用格局变化预测、对比分析和评价等研究提供参考。结果表明:在研究区内景观类型特征和景观格局特征随粒度的增大出现了显著的变化;除面积比例对粒度变化弱敏感外,其余所选景观指数对粒度变化相对敏感,体现出一定的尺度依赖性,因而利用这些景观指数进行不同尺度下的景观格局分析时需考虑尺度效应。 相似文献
14.
特征匹配是无人机影像拼接过程的关键步骤,针对传统的特征匹配方法在影像拼接过程中获取匹配点少、特征点分布不均匀、匹配耗时长等问题,本文提出一种基于Dense SIFT特征的无人机影像快速拼接算法。首先,利用影像POS信息构建连接矩阵以引导匹配过程;然后在降采样影像上进行影像分块,利用Dense SIFT算子获取初始匹配点,并采用两次NCC方法分别实现降采样影像和原始影像上匹配点的精化;最后,基于共线方程将影像投影至物方面上,完成影像的快速拼接。本文选取2组无人机影像进行拼接实验,将本文算法与SIFT和SURF匹配拼接方法进行对比,结果表明：在影像特征点匹配方面,本文方法获取匹配点数量是SIFT和SURF算法的5倍以上,且匹配点分布更加均匀;在影像拼接结果方面,本文方法不仅能够较快完成影像拼接,而且有效避免了拼接影像中的“重影”现象,保证了较好的拼接质量。 相似文献
15.
黄河源区玛多县土地利用/覆被及景观格局变化的遥感分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用了黄河源地区1977、1990及2003年MSS、TM的3个时相遥感影像,通过人机交互的解译与GIS的空间分析,提取了玛多县3个时期的土地利用/覆被信息。分析了玛多县各地类的数量变化和空间变化特征。另外对景观生态空间分布格局,利用FRAGSTATS软件对玛多县景观级别的动态特征进行了分析。结果表明:玛多县的土地利用/覆被类型以草地为主,占全区总面积77.93%;退化现象十分严重,主要是草地覆盖度的降低以及草地沙化;景观破碎化程度在前期呈下降趋势,而后期呈上升趋势,景观斑块形态越来越偏离规则而变得复杂、多样。 相似文献
16.
中国1∶100万景观生态制图设计 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国1∶100万景观生态图系借鉴国内外传统景观制图方法和制图规范,在遥感、地理信息系统先进技术的支持下,设计研制其制图方法、制图内容、样图和技术流程,同时提出初步的景观分类系统,为今后编制中国1∶100万景观生态图奠定基础。 相似文献
17.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(2):289-303
Mountainous area makes up 22% of global land, and rational land use in this area is important for sustainable development. Mentougou district has been positioned as an ecological conservation development zone of Beijing and significant land use changes have taken place since 2004. With the combination of GIS and Dinamica EGO(Environment for Geoprocessing Objects) model, the quantitative structure and spatial distribution of land use in Mentougou from 2006 to 2014 are analyzed in this paper. Considering topography has influence on the action mode of driving factors, the research area is divided into two parts based on elevation, mountainous area above 300 m, plain and shallow mountainous area below 300 m. Based on cellular automata theory, the probability of land use change is calculated by Weights of Evidence method and the spatial distribution of land use is simulated by means of two complementary spatial transition functions: Expander and Patcher. Land use pattern of Menougou in 2030 for three kinds of scenarios: trend development, rapid development and ecological protection are simulated. The comparison shows that the trend development scenario is more reasonable based on social, economic and environmental considerations and other scenarios provide a reference for improving irrational land use. 相似文献
18.
Decline of traditional landscape in a protected area of the southwestern Alps: The fate of enclosed pasture patches in the land mosaic shift 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【Title】
【Author】
【Addresses】1
Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation. 相似文献
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Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation. 相似文献
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城市边缘区位于城市与乡村之间的过渡交接地带,既是城市扩张的前沿,也是城乡建设和用地置换中最具活力的地区。准确识别城市边缘区的空间范围一直是城市空间结构研究的核心问题,有助于从城乡对比的角度来衡量城市化程度。本文以城市边缘区的空间突变特征为切入点,基于格网尺度评价构建基于多源数据的城市边缘区特征识别指标,然后采用小波变换检测进行特征值突变点群的识别,并利用基于Delaunay的自动边长阈值的边界提取算法识别突变点群内外边界,从而实现了一种基于空间突变特征的城市边缘区提取方法。最后,以江阴市作为研究区进行了实证分析,并将本文方法提取结果与通过信息熵模型和土地利用程度综合指数模型提取城市边缘区的经典方法提取结果进行对比,经典方法所提取的城市边缘区结果更为混乱分散,而本文结果更为完整客观。将本文方法提取结果与使用土地利用数据与行政区划统计年鉴数据构建城市边缘区识别指标进行突变检测的不同指标方法提取结果进行对比,二者重叠度达88.03%,体现了本文方法的正确性,而从局部细节分析来看,本文结果更符合实际情况。为了更好地验证本文方法的有效性,利用景观格局指数对本文方法和不同指标方法提取的城市建成区、城市边缘区和乡村腹地的范围进行检验：从斑块类型层级指数分析, 2种方法划定的区域都具有典型的空间特征;而从景观层级指数分析,本文识别出的边缘区所计算的斑块密度、最大斑块指数、景观分离度、景观破碎化指数和香农多样性指数均高于对比方法,而蔓延度和香农均匀度均低于对比方法,说明本文识别的城市边缘区范围内景观破碎化程度和异质性更高,景观分布不均匀,社会经济条件更复杂,从而证明了本方法的有效性,尤其适合于非闭合环状的城市边缘区的提取。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲人类干扰活动强度变化及其景观格局响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以湿地变化较为剧烈的黄河三角洲为研究对象,基于RS技术和GIS空间分析方法,利用人为干扰度模型,结合区域人工沟渠建设情况,从区域和局地两个尺度直观揭示人类干扰强度时空分异特征,并探究区域景观格局对人类干扰活动的响应,以期为黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态保护与人类活动调控提供决策支持。结果表明：① 1995-2015年现代黄河三角洲区域人为干扰度和人工沟渠密度均明显增加,空间分布呈现从西南部向东部、北部,自内陆向沿海的扩展趋势;② 随着人类活动强度增强,研究区自然湿地面积减少,区域景观多样性和空间异质性增加,景观整体连通性减弱,景观复杂性降低;③ 景观格局对人类干扰强度变化的响应关系呈现出地区和时间差异;人类干扰活动强度相对较低的保护区受人工沟渠建设的影响,也呈现出斑块团聚程度降低、景观多样性增加和景观复杂性降低的变化趋势;④ 人为干扰度指数和人工沟渠密度指标互为补充,互相印证,可以较为全面、客观地反映黄河三角洲地区人类干扰活动强度。 相似文献