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通过济南辉长岩双剪摩擦实验,笔者研究了非粘土断层泥带厚度随断层滑移的变化特征及主要影响因素。结果表明:非粘土断层泥的形成过程具有明显的分段特征。在断层演化的中期阶段,非粘土断层泥带厚度与断层错距呈明显的线性关系。该关系的建立,为从构造物理角度反演断层错距提供了一个可尝试的途径;凹凸体作用的结果,为非粘土断层泥的形成提供了丰富的物质来源,同时,凹凸体的几何尺度又控制着断层泥带的极限厚度。这一发现不仅对于研究断层泥的形成过程,而且对于研究断层发育的后期阶段的摩擦滑动性状都有重要意义。 相似文献
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油气区断层再活动会造成过断层井的井壁不稳定,增加生产井剪切套损风险及油气渗漏风险甚至诱发地震.浅埋断层带中广泛发育的断层泥对断层摩擦滑动具有重要影响,在特定地质条件下断层泥对断层带摩擦强度具有显著的弱化作用.传统的断层稳定性评价方法多数采用断层摩擦强度的均质模型.然而大量研究表明,断层泥受多种因素的影响在空间上表现出明显的非均质特征,如何对油气区断层泥摩擦强度非均质性进行定量表征,实现更精确的断层稳定性评价,对降低油田开发风险具有实际意义.文中介绍了断层带摩擦强度研究的原理、方法,通过梳理国内外的最新研究进展,从内因和外因两个角度详细总结了不同条件下断层泥变形机制以及摩擦强度的演化规律,其中内因包括黏土矿物类型以及黏土矿物含量,外因包括孔隙流体、有效正应力以及温度.同时,基于断层带摩擦强度的理论研究成果以及当前国际上常用的断层稳定性评价方法,建立了考虑断层摩擦强度非均质性的断层稳定性定量评价模型.最后,对断层带摩擦强度研究的未来发展趋势进行了分析. 相似文献
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雁列走滑断层的重叠几何学已为人们所孰识。通过测量叠量和相邻断层之间的距离，标绘并互相对比了１２０多个例子，我们已经使这些观测值定量化。尽管有在的离散，然而资料显示的线性倾向证明重叠量的增加与相邻断层之间的距离成比例，直到一个极限值。使用位移不连续的数值模拟，按照断层的相互作用，我们分析了这些值得注意的关系。结果表明，断层的相互作用事实上是一个对雁列走滑断层重叠几何形状有很大控制作用的重要因素。 相似文献
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地震时大部分形变发生在断层带内的主滑动面上,断层表面形貌是断层活动的产物并随断层滑动距离而演化。断层面形貌已成为研究破裂成核作用及应力的非均匀分布、断层面凸体磨损、断层泥生成、滑润作用、抗剪强度与临界滑动距离的相关内容,因此断层面形貌研究对地震和断层力学具有重要意义。任何一个野外天然断层面露头, 相似文献
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滇西北地区断层破碎带宽度与断层错距的统计关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以非粘土断层泥带宽度与断层错距在断层(带)发育中期线性相关的实验结果为依据,对滇西北地区断层破碎带宽度(W)与断层错距(D)的关系作了统计分析,目的在于建立一种从断层破碎带几何特征反演断层背景位移的新方法。通过对该区中等发育程度的33条断层48组样本的统计,得到相关性较好的D=18.5W的经验关系式,同时还就这一关系式的适用范围及影响因素进行了分析讨论。应用D—W关系,确定了直线型的剑川断裂中北段的背景位移分布,并提出断层的背景位移分布可作为断层分段的一个重要指标。 相似文献
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震间断层强震危险性研究是地震中长期预测中的基础科学问题, 其中断层运动及应力演化的研究对认识地震的孕育发生、 破裂过程具有重要意义, 为地震危险性分析提供科学依据。 本文首先回顾了震间断层运动模型的理论研究进展; 其次, 简略地回顾了断层不均匀性和断层摩擦定律的研究历程, 论述了确定摩擦参数、 圈定凹凸体的发展趋势与研究动态, 并阐述了基于断层不均匀性和断层摩擦定律的强震过程数值模拟的应用; 最后, 论述了基于断层运动和应力演化分析断层中长期强震危险程度的应用, 并叙述了与地震短期、 临震预测密切相关的断层运动成核过程。 相似文献
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断层带结构研究对于认识地震的孕育发生、地震破裂过程及其地震灾害具有重要的意义,因而多种方法被用来观测和研究断层带结构,其中断层带围陷波就是有效方法之一.断层带围陷波是由地震波入射到断层带内低速介质与高速围岩之间的界面时在界面内侧经多次反射相干叠加形成,具有大振幅、低频率和频散的特点.由于断层带围陷波在断层带的内部传播,它携带有断层带的介质物性和结构的重要信息,因此可以利用围陷波的波形特征研究断层带的精细结构.本文详细介绍了断层带围陷波的形成机制、传播和特性,全面阐述了断层带围陷波在观测研究、传播和特性理论研究和利用围陷波反演断层带结构的方法及应用三个方面的进展,并探讨了断层带围陷波研究方面存在的不足和问题. 相似文献
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利用断层带特有震相通过观测模拟可以得到断层带介质的性质。本文回顾了地震学领域中断层带震相研究的发展历程,对断层带首波、断层带围陷波的国内外研究现状进行了综述,并结合国际上有关断层带震相研究的最新进展,对基于地震波形研究断层性质的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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NEW EVIDENCES FOR LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE YISHU-TANGTOU FAULT,THE TAN-LU FAULT ZONE,AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 CAO Jun XU Han-gang RAN Yong-kang LIANG Ming-jian LEI Sheng-xue ZHANG Peng LI Li-mei GU Qin-ping ZHAO Qi-guang 《地震地质》2017,39(2):287-303
The Tan-Lu Fault Zone(TLFZ), a well-known lithosphere fault zone in eastern China, is a boundary tectonic belt of the secondary block within the North China plate, and its seismic risk has always been a focus problem. Previous studies were primarily conducted on the eastern graben faults of the Yishu segment where there are historical earthquake records, but the faults in western graben have seldom been involved. So, there has been no agreement about the activity of the western graben fault from the previous studies. This paper focuses on the activity of the two buried faults in the western graben along the southern segment of Yishu through combination of shallow seismic reflection profile and composite drilling section exploration.
Shallow seismic reflection profile reveals that the Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F4)only affects the top surface of Suqian Formation, therefore, the fault may be an early Quaternary fault. The Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)has displaced the upper Pleistocene series in the shallow seismic reflection profile, suggesting that the fault may be a late Pleistocene active fault. Drilling was implemented in Caiji Town and Lingcheng Town along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)respectively, and the result shows that the latest activity time of Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)is between(91.2±4.4)ka and(97.0±4.8)ka, therefore, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault.
Combined with the latest research on the activity of other faults along TLFZ, both faults in eastern and western graben were active during the late Pleistocene in the southern segment of the Yishu fault zone, however, only the fault in eastern graben was active in the Holocene. This phenomenon is the tectonic response to the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plate and collision between India and Asian Plate. The two late Quaternary active faults in the Yishu segment of TLFZ are deep faults and present different forms on the surface and in near surface according to studies of deep seismic reflection profile, seismic wave function and seismic relocation. Considering the tectonic structure of the southern segment of Yishu fault zone, the relationship between deep and shallow structures, and the impact of 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8(1/2)), the seismogenic ability of moderate-strong earthquake along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F3)can't be ignored. 相似文献
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富蕴地震断裂带南段主体走滑段多为正走滑断层，呈右行右阶或左阶排列。末端破裂段多不连续，呈弧形或左阶排列，部分沿支断层展布。 相似文献
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小江断裂带西支断裂南段新活动初探 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文根据实地调查,分析了小江西支断裂南段两条分支断裂的展布特征及其活动性。用冲沟长度、错动量及平均侵蚀速率,估算了断裂的水平滑动速率。指出南段分支断裂作多重右阶斜列展布,现今活动以左旋走滑为主,兼有倾向运动分量,全新世以来平均水平滑动速率为1.66mm/a。 相似文献
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昌马断裂带是是青藏高原北部一条活动强烈的左旋走滑断裂带。它表现为重力、航磁、地壳厚度的综合异常梯度带，属于断面陡、切割深的超岩石圈断裂。昌马断裂带由１２条长４公里至１８公里不等的不连续的主断层和４条次级断层组成，可划分为东、中、西三大段落。断裂的水平位移和滑动速率具有分段性，全新世以来，东、中、西三段的左旋水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年，２．６毫米／年和１．５毫米／年。北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的位移具有分级特征，不同级别的位移具有良好的同步性。全新世以来北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年、３．８毫米／年和２．７毫米／年。白垩纪以来，昌马断裂呈天平式运动，显示了枢纽断裂运动特征，枢纽轴位于断裂中段。昌马地震震源破裂性质及其反映的震源应力场与地震破裂带的破裂性质及其反映的构造应力场不一致。昌马地震震源机制解反映了北北西～南南东挤压，作用应力近于水平的震源应力场；昌马地震破裂带的变形组合反映了东北～南西挤压的构造应力场。昌马地震破裂带长１２０公里，分为东部正走滑段、中部逆走滑段和西部尾端破裂段，显示了多个水平位移峰值。全新世以来，沿昌马断裂发生了６次强震事件，强震复发 相似文献
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新疆富蕴地震断裂带中南段结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆富蕴地震断裂带中南段受北北西走向可可托海—二台活动断裂和东侧北西走向玛因鄂博等活动断裂所控制 ,形成“爪”形 ,左阶帚状 ,右阶弧形 ,反 S形半透镜状和肘状构造。 相似文献
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LATE-QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE YALAHE FAULT OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE,EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBET PLATEAU 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIANG Ming-jian CHEN Li-chun RAN Yong-kang LI Yan-bao WANG Dong GAO Shuai-po HAN Ming-ming ZENG Di 《地震地质》1979,42(2):513-525
Complex geometrical structures on strike-slip faults would likely affect fault behavior such as strain accumulation and distribution, seismic rupture process, etc. The Xianshuihe Fault has been considered to be a Holocene active strike-slip fault with a high horizontal slip rate along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. During the past 300 years, the Xianshuihe Fault produced 8 earthquakes with magnitude≥7 along the whole fault and showed strong activities of large earthquakes. Taking the Huiyuansi Basin as a structure boundary, the northwestern and southeastern segments of the Xianshuihe Fault show different characteristics. The northwestern segment, consisting of the Luhuo, Daofu and Qianning sections, shows a left-stepping en echelon pattern by simple fault strands. However, the southeastern segment(Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)has a complex structure and is divided into three sub-faults: the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. To the south of Kangding County, the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault shows a simple structure. The previous studies suggest that the three sub-faults(the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)unevenly distribute the strain of the northwestern segment of the Xianshuihe Fault. However, the disagreement of the new activity of the Yalahe Fault limits the understanding of the strain distribution model of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment. Most scholars believed that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault. However, Zhang et al.(2017)used low-temperature thermochronology to study the cooling history of the Gongga rock mass, and suggested that the Yalahe Fault is now inactive and the latest activity of the Xianshuihe Fault has moved westward over the Selaha Fault. The Yalahe Fault is the only segment of the Xianshuihe Fault that lacks records of the strong historical earthquakes. Moreover, the Yalahe Fault is located in the alpine valley area, and the previous traffic conditions were very bad. Thus, the previous research on fault activity of the fault relied mainly on the interpretation of remote sensing, and the uncertainty was relatively large. Through remote sensing and field investigation, we found the geological and geomorphological evidence for Holocene activity of the Yalahe Fault. Moreover, we found a well-preserved seismic surface rupture zone with a length of about 10km near the Yariacuo and the co-seismic offsets of the earthquake are about 2.5~3.5m. In addition, we also advance the new active fault track of the Yalahe Fault to Yala Town near Kangding County. In Wangmu and Yala Town, we found the geological evidence for the latest fault activity that the Holocene alluvial fans were dislocated by the fault. These evidences suggest that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault, and has the seismogenic tectonic condition to produce a large earthquake, just like the Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. These also provide seismic geological evidence for the strain distribution model of the Kangding-Huiyuansi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault. 相似文献
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本文根据航卫片、第四纪地质、地貌、浅层地震、钻孔、年代学等资料,分析了厦门篑筜港北东向断裂带的第四纪晚期活动特征,并阐述了其构造组合特征。结果表明：①断裂带中的文灶-龙山-五通断裂和虎尾山-钟宅断裂为第四纪早期断裂,晚更新世以来不再活动;②篑筜港断裂为晚更新世早、中期活动断裂,晚更新世晚期（约3万年）以来不活动;③文灶-龙山-五通断裂和虎尾山．钟宅断裂将厦门岛切割为3个地块,分别形成了仙岳山地垒、篑筜港地堑和云项岩地垒的构造组合,晚更新世晚期以来地壳以整体性上升运动为总趋势。 相似文献
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FAULT GEOMETRY DEFINED BY MULTIPLE REMOTE SENSING IMAGES INTERPRETATION AND FIELD VERIFICATION: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTHERN GUANGGAISHAN- DIESHAN FAULT,WESTERN QINLING 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The NE margin of Tibetan plateau outspreads northeastward in late Cenozoic. The west Qinling locates at intervening zone among Tibetan plateau, Sichuan Basin and Ordos block, and is bounded by East Kunlun Fault in the southwest, the north margin of West Qinling Fault in the northeast, and the Longmen Shan Fault in the southeast. The west Qinling has been experiencing intense tectonic deformation since late Cenozoic, accompanying by uplift of mountains, downward incision of rivers, frequent moderate-strong earthquakes, vertical and horizontal motion of secondary faults, and so on. A series of "V-shape" faults are developed in the transfer zone between East Kunlun Fault and north margin of West Qinling Fault. The NWW-NW striking faults include Tazang Fault, Bailongjiang Fault, Guanggai Shan-Die Shan Fault, and Lintan-Dangchang Fault; EW-NEE-NE striking faults include Ha'nan-Qingshanwan-Daoqizi Fault, Wudu-Kangxian Fault, Liangdang-Jiangluo Fault, and Lixian-Luojiapu Fault. Among them, the Southern Guanggai Shan-Die Shan Fault (SGDF)is one of the principle branch which accommodates strain partitioning between the East Kunlun Fault and the north margin of west Qinling Fault. Although some works have been done and published, the geometry of SGDF is still obscure due to forest cover, bad traffic, natural and manmade reworks. In this paper, we collected remote sensing images with various resolutions, categories, imaging time. The selected images include composite map of Landsat image (resolution is 28.5m among 1984-1997, and 14.5m among 1999-2003), Landsat-8 OLI image (15/30m), Gaofen-1 (2m/8m), Pleiades (0.5m/2m), DEM (~25m)and Google Earth image (submeter resolution). After that, we reinforced tectonic information of those images by Envi5.2 software, then we interpreted SGDF from those images. As indoor interpretation fulfilled, we testified indoor interpretation results through geomorphological and geological investigation. Finally, we got fault distribution of SGDF. Conclusions are as follows:First, remote sensing image selection and management is crucial to indoor interpretation, and image resolution is the only factor we commonly consider before, however, things have changed in places where there is complex weather and dense vegetation. Image categories, imaging time and bands selected for compositing in pretreatment and etc. should all be taken into consideration for better interpretation. Second, SGDF distributes from Lazikou town in the west, extending through Pingding town, Zhou County, Huama town, then terminating at Majie town of Wudu district in the east, the striking direction is mainly NWW, and it could be roughly divided into 3 segments:Lazikou-Heiyusi segment, Pingding-Huama segment, and Huama-Majie segment, with their length amounting to 47km, 32.5km, 47km, respectively. The arrangement pattern between Lazikou-Heiyusi segment and Pingding-Huama segment is right-stepping, and the arrangement pattern is left-stepping bending between Pingding-Huama segment and Huama-Majie segment. Third, SGDF controlled magnificent macro-topography, such as fault cliff, fault facet, which often constitute the boundary of intermontane basins or erosional surfaces to west of Minjiang River. Micro-geomorphic expressions were severely eroded and less preserved, including fault scarps, fault troughs, sinistral offset gullies and geomorphic surfaces. Finally, SGDF mainly expresses left-lateral dominated motion, only some short branch faults with diverting striking direction exhibit vertical dominated motion. The left-lateral dominated component with little vertical motion of SGDF is consistent with regional NWW-striking faults as Tazang Fault, Bailongjiang Fault and Lintan-Dangchang Fault, also in coincidence with regional boundary faults such as east Kunlun Fault and north margin of west Qinling Fault, illustrating regional deformation field is successive in west Qinling, and NWW striking faults show good inheritance and transitivity on differential slip rate between east Kunlun Fault and west Qinling Fault. The geometry of SGDF makes quantitative studies possible, and also provides scientific basis for keeping construction away from fault traces. 相似文献