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1.
数字水准仪的通用编码和解码方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
深入研究数字水准仪的原理.在分析国外已有数字水准仪特点的基础上,提出一种新的编码和解码方法来确定水准仪视准轴的位置:CCD传感器获取至少一个码区的编码后,依据该码区内相邻条码标识符间的关系获得码区编号,即可以得到每个条码的粗测值;由CCD传感器每个像素代表的高度值及码区内每个条码至参考线的像素可以获得该条码的精测值,将粗测值和精测值组合成最后测量结果. 相似文献
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本文给出了一种同时适用于光学水准仪和数字水准仪的编码方法。利用该编码方法,只需要在数字水准仪上加载一与标准码宽度相匹配的光学测微器,即可实现光学水准仪和数字水准仪的一体化。数字光学一体化水准仪不仅原理新颖,而且同时具有光学水准仪和数字水准仪的优点,给使用者带来极大方便。作者提出用内插法计算视距。 相似文献
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基于二维编码标尺的数字水准测量系统已经提出好几年了,但在实用化和产业化上遇到了 一些问题.提出一种改进的二维编码设计方案,改进后的新编码方案保留了圆形精码和数字码,增加了字母码;圆形码中心表达精定位,由数字码和字母码表达粗定位,其中数字码用于中远距离、字母码用于近距离粗定位.测量时图像传感器会捕获到包含标尺三类编码的图像,利用圆心定位算法精确计算圆形码圆心在图像中像素位置,进而确定圆心与望远镜水平中丝在图像上的像素差;同时引入卷积神经网络算法识别圆形码两侧的字母码或数字码用以确定相应圆形码的实际高度;最后将多个圆形码确定的视线高度取平均值作为标尺读数.利用搭载面阵CMOS传感器的水准仪原型机在室外对改进后编码标尺进行测试,实验结果表明,可以实现2～100 m范围内的有效测量,特别是在2～60 m范围内可以获得较为理想的测量精度,证明了新编码标尺是一种可行的设计方案,具有产业化价值. 相似文献
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机(舰)载设备在测量过程中，需要提供准确的飞机(舰船)俯仰、横滚、偏航等姿态信息，但由于机(舰)载惯导系统提供的偏航数据精度较低，不能满足测量的需要，需要对惯导进行校准。针对这种情况，探讨了一种利用机(舰)载光测设备测量方位标修正惯导航向偏差的方法。由于光测设备测量精度比较高，本校准惯导方法满足靶场试验的需求，达到了修正系统误差的目的。试验证明，这种方法是有效、可行的。 相似文献
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介绍了一种高精度伪距测量方法。该方法通过位同步、帧同步、码捕获、码跟踪算法以及载波辅助技术等方法来获取高精度伪距测量值。重点研究了秒模糊度、毫秒模糊度和毫秒内的精度测量方法,得到了通过设置码跟踪环的相关间隔来设置其测量精度的方法。实验结果验证了算法的可行性。 相似文献
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多源星载SAR地形干涉测量精度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
星载InSAR技术具有高效率、高精度获取全球DEM数据及其他增值产品的优势，是地形测绘领域的研究热点。本文综合利用国内外多源星载SAR影像数据，开展地形干涉测量试验及精度对比分析，旨在为全球测绘提供技术参考。现有的X/C/L波段卫星SAR系统，如COSMO-SkyMed、GF-3、ALOS-2获取的干涉数据集，在青海典型复杂地形实验区均成功获取了DEM数据产品。分析结果表明，在3种典型数据源中，基于COSMO-SkyMed干涉测量DEM的精度与细节质量相对较高，GF-3干涉结果次之，ALOS-2数据也实现了较好的地形测图精度。相关结果从侧面论证了国产GF-3数据具备在空间基线合适的条件下获得高精度DEM数据产品的潜力。 相似文献
9.
GPS接收机采用码分多址(CDMA)方式进行卫星分址和测距,它需要对接收到的卫星信号进行跟踪、解扩解调和导航电文获取等,并利用捕获到的至少3颗卫星信号进行目标定位。 GPS接收机实现的关键技术包括伪随机码(PN)如C/A码、P码的生成和捕获、定位算法的实现等,C/A码短、易于直接捕获、用于粗测距,P码特长、难于直接捕获、用于精测距。P码直接捕获分为时域法和频域法,频域法比时域法效率高。P码频域的直接捕获法分为扩展复制重叠法XFAST和均值法,本文深入地研究了这些捕获法特点,提出了进一步提高P码捕获效率的基于局部和值比的P码直接捕获法,文中对结果进行了分析。 相似文献
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与验潮站技术相比,岸基全球导航卫星定位系统干涉反射技术(GNSS-IR)海面测高成本较低,且其观测量不受地壳沉降的影响,并可利用目前已有的沿海岸GNSS固定站提供的数据反演海面高度。目前常用观测量为大地测量型GNSS接收机给出的信噪比(SNR)值,然而,早期很多GNSS设备的输出文件中都不包含该值,导致无法利用它们研究海面高度长期变化趋势。但经典的码伪距和载波相位观测值中,同样包含着GNSS-IR测高信息。本文分别引入单频码伪距和单频载波相位的组合,以及单频码伪距和双频载波相位的组合GNSS两种观测值的组合实现了岸基海面测高。本文采用模拟数据证明了基于前一组合的GNSS-IR测高精度受到电离层延迟残差的影响,而后一种组合可避免该误差项的影响。为验证两种组合方法的有效性,在山东威海一海上栈桥上开展了试验,采集了全球定位系统(GPS)和北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的观测数据,并处理得到了海面测高信息。最后,将反演结果与26 GHz雷达高度计的观测值进行了比较分析,发现二者具有较好的一致性,相关系数均优于85%。试验结果表明:两种码伪距和载波相位组合法均可用于GNSS-IR测高。另外,由于当前GNSS-IR测高受多种误差项影响,导致反演精度较低,使得后一种组合在避免电离层延迟残差方面的优越性并没有明显体现。本文组合方法的引入,增加了海面高度反演方法的多样性,提升了GNSS-IR测高技术的应用空间。 相似文献
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GPS Solutions - Carrier-phase-smoothed code (CPSC), i.e., smoothing of the code using carrier phases, has widely been used to reduce the code noise in GNSS applications. However, the efficiency of... 相似文献
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X. X. Jin 《Journal of Geodesy》1997,71(7):411-422
This paper derives a DGPS positioning algorithm, referred to as the algorithm for carrier-adjusted DGPS positioning. This
algorithm can be applied by a DGPS user when code and carrier observations are available and when the dynamic behaviours of
both mobile positions and receiver-clock biases can and cannot be modelled. Since the algorithm directly uses code and carrier
observations, the stochastic model of observations has a simple structure and can be easily specified. When the dynamic behaviour
of mobile positions can be modelled, the algorithm can provide recursive solutions of the positions, on the other hand, when
the behaviour cannot be modelled, it can provide their instantaneous solutions. Furthermore, the algorithm can integrate with
a real-time quality-control procedure so that the quality of the position estimates can be guaranteed with a certain probability.
Since in the use of the algorithm there always exist redundant observations unless the position parameters are inestimable,
the quality control can even be performed when only four satellites are tracked. Using the algorithm and real GPS data collected
at a 100-km baseline, this contribution investigates how DGPS positioning accuracies vary with the type of observables used
at reference and mobile stations, and how important it is to choose an elevation-dependent standard deviation for code observations
in DGPS data reduction. It was found that using carrier observations along with code observations is more important at the
reference station than at the mobile station. Choosing an elevation-dependent standard deviation for code observations can
result in better positioning accuracy than choosing a constant standard deviation for code observations. For the 100-km baseline,
half-metre single-epoch positioning accuracy was achieved when dual-frequency data was used at both reference and mobile stations.
The positioning accuracy became better than 0.75m when the types of observable used at the mobile station were replaced by
L1 code and carrier.
Received: 9 April 1996 / Accepted: 6 February 1997 相似文献
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GPS code pseudorange measurements exhibit group delay variations at the transmitting and the receiving antenna. We calibrated C1 and P2 delay variations with respect to dual-frequency carrier phase observations and obtained nadir-dependent corrections for 32 satellites of the GPS constellation in early 2015 as well as elevation-dependent corrections for 13 receiving antenna models. The combined delay variations reach up to 1.0 m (3.3 ns) in the ionosphere-free linear combination for specific pairs of satellite and receiving antennas. Applying these corrections to the code measurements improves code/carrier single-frequency precise point positioning, ambiguity fixing based on the Melbourne–Wübbena linear combination, and determination of ionospheric total electron content. It also affects fractional cycle biases and differential code biases. 相似文献
15.
网络RTK参考站间模糊度动态解算的卡尔曼滤波算法研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
提出一种适用于参考站网络的站间模糊度解算方法,该方法使用CA码与相位的电离层无关组合解算宽巷模糊度,利用多路径效应的周期性削弱CA码多路径效应。在宽巷模糊度得到固定后,利用卡尔曼滤波对L1模糊度进行估计,并使用模糊度失相关搜索算法,动态地确定模糊度。这种方法已经应用在自主开发的网络RTK软件上,并以四川GPS综合服务网络SIGN(Sichuan Integrated GPS Network)作为试验网络,进行了试验和分析。 相似文献
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Carrier phase ambiguity resolution on the fly is investigated using two receiver technologies, namely dual-frequency P code and high performance, single frequency, C/A code receivers. Both receiver types were used simultaneously in a series of land kinematic trials. A least-squares search technique is used to find the correct double difference carrier phase ambiguities. Both C/A and single frequency P code technologies are found to be equivalent and capable of resolving the integer ambiguities on the fly using some 30 to 200 seconds of data under benign multipath conditions. Successful ambiguity resolution on the fly results in cm-level accuracy kinematic positioning. The ambiguity resolution time required and success rate are however found to be strongly dependent on the level of carrier phase multipath and, as a consequence, on the error variance assigned to the carrier phase measurements. The use of widelaning with the dual frequency P code results in ambiguity resolution in seconds. The performance of widelaning is also superior in a comparatively high carrier phase multipath environment. 相似文献
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针对高动态场景,单独的码环路很难实现跟踪,由于高动态载波跟踪的算法很成熟,通常应用载波跟踪结果对码环路进行辅助,针对窄体制信号,这种方法可以帮助消除码环的动态误差,但对宽体制信号来说,辅助力度减小。从高动态宽带信号码跟踪误差门限以及跟踪精度入手,分析了单独码跟踪算法的易失锁性,理论和仿真验证应用高动态载波跟踪结果辅助码跟踪算法的有效性,且具有高的跟踪精度。这为导航接收机的跟踪算法提供了理论依据。 相似文献
18.
本项研究在双频消除电离层技术的基础上,根据北斗的三频特性,消除观测值中的几何观测量,得到消电离层消几何观测量的组合值,并且对同一地区两个测站同步观测数据的组合值站间单差处理,在伪距观测和载波观测两个方面,分析各类卫星观测值的噪声和多路径误差的相关特征,预估和评定北斗系统的观测质量。结果表明:地球静止轨道卫星观测值主要影响为多路径误差,非地球静止轨道卫星观测值主要影响为观测噪声。 相似文献
19.
Wenfeng Nie Tianhe Xu Adria Rovira-Garcia José Miguel Juan Zornoza Jaume Sanz Subirana Guillermo González-Casado Wu Chen Guochang Xu 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):85
The calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with global positioning system (GPS) observations is revisited. Instead of the analysis of the calibration errors on the carrier phase leveled to code ionospheric observable, we focus on the accuracy analysis of the undifferenced ambiguity-fixed carrier phase ionospheric observable determined from a global distribution of permanent receivers. The results achieved are: (1) using data from an entire month within the last solar cycle maximum, the undifferenced ambiguity-fixed carrier phase ionospheric observable is found to be over one order of magnitude more accurate than the carrier phase leveled to code ionospheric observable and the raw code ionospheric observable. The observation error of the undifferenced ambiguity-fixed carrier phase ionospheric observable ranges from 0.05 to 0.11 total electron content unit (TECU) while that of the carrier phase leveled to code and the raw code ionospheric observable is from 0.65 to 1.65 and 3.14 to 7.48 TECU, respectively. (2) The time-varying receiver differential code bias (DCB), which presents clear day boundary discontinuity and intra-day variability pattern, contributes the most part of the observation error. This contribution is assessed by the short-term stability of the between-receiver DCB, which ranges from 0.06 to 0.17 TECU in a single day. (3) The remaining part of the observation errors presents a sidereal time cycle pattern, indicating the effects of the multipath. Further, the magnitude of the remaining part implies that the code multipath effects are much reduced. (4) The intra-day variation of the between-receiver DCB of the collocated stations suggests that estimating DCBs as a daily constant can have a mis-modeling error of at least several tenths of 1 TECU. 相似文献
20.
This study analyzes the quality of onboard data of tracking signals from GPS satellites on the far side of the earth and determines the orbit of the geostationary satellite using code and carrier phase observations with 30-h and 3-day orbit arc length. According to the analysis results, the onboard receiver can track 6–8 GPS satellites, and the minimum and maximum carrier to noise spectral densities were 24 and 45 dB-Hz, respectively. For a GPS receiver on a high-altitude platform above the navigation constellations, the blocking of the earth and a weak signal strength usually cause a piece-wise GPS signal tracking and an increase in the number of ambiguity parameters. Individual GPS satellites may be continuously tracked for as little as several minutes and as long as 3 h. Moreover, considering the negative sign of elevation angles reflects the fact that GPS satellites are tracked below the receiver in the study. GPS satellites appear mainly in the elevation angle range of ??53° to ??83°, and dilution of precision values could reach ten or one hundred and more. Also, it is observed that when a signal suffers from atmospheric refraction, other GPS signals tracked simultaneously by the receiver experience strong systematic errors in the code observations. Based on single-frequency code and carrier phase measurements, the mean 3D root mean square (RMS) value of the overlap comparisons between 30-h orbit determination arcs is 2.14 m. However, we found that there were also some biases in the carrier phase residuals, which contributed to poor orbit accuracy. To eliminate the effects of the biases, we established a correction sequence for each GPS satellite. After corrections, the mean 3D RMS was reduced to 0.99 m, representing a 53% improvement. 相似文献