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对青岛莱西中华寿桃产地的岩土地球化学特征进行了系统研究,结果表明,该地区花岗岩的K2O、Na2O,基性岩的B,透辉岩的MgO、CaO,变粒岩中的Mn、N、P含量较高,与其对应的土壤具有相似的地球化学差异.桃树生长所需营养元素在不同岩性的土壤中含量相差较大,透辉岩、基性岩中的Ca、Mg、Mn、N、P,变粒岩中的N、P、Fe、B含量丰富,而面积较广的花岗岩土壤中营养元素较为贫乏.桃园土壤有效态N、P等主要营养元素含量较高,B、Mn、Mo、Fe等微量及有机质含量偏低.建议在保证N、P、K施用充足的条件下,增加B、Mn、Mo、Fe、Ca、Mg等微肥及有机肥的施用. 相似文献
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流域上游基岩与下游冲积平原土壤化学组成的对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对海河水系流域、鄱阳湖水系流域上游的基岩与下游的冲积平原土壤之间化学组成的对比研究显示,下游冲积物土壤的化学组成明显地受源岩成分、形成过程和形成环境的影响。流域上游基岩的一些特征元素在冲积物土壤中被明显地继承,如海河流域基岩和土壤中的CO2、CaO、MgO、FeO、Sr,鄱阳湖流域基岩和土壤中的W、Sn、Bi、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Tl、As、Sb、Se、Hg、Nb、Ta、Hf、B、Be、Ge、Pt、Pd、Y。受形成过程和形成环境的影响,处于暖温带半湿润季风气候下的海河流域冲积平原土壤以极富集CO2、CaO、Na2O、Cl,显著富集MgO、FeO、Sr,富集P、S为特征;而处于亚热带湿润季风气候下的鄱阳湖流域冲积平原土壤则以显著富集Hg、Se和富集Al2O3、Fe2O3H2O^＋、W、Sn、Bi、Mo、U、Th、Pb、Rb、Cs、Tl、Li、Be、B、Ga、Ge、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、As、Sb、Co、Cr、Ti、V、Zn、Pt、Pd、REE、Y为特征。无论是海河流域还是鄱阳湖流域的冲积平原土壤,均富集As、Sb、Hg、B、Cl、W、Sn、Bi、Pb、Se、Ge、Li、Cs、Cu、Au、Fe2O3、V、Cr、Ni、Zr、Hf、Y。 相似文献
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本文介绍了彩色钻石的概念,论述了其特点、分类。据彩钻的色度深浅将彩色(以红、绿、蓝、紫、粉为例)详细分为15级:微、弱、浅、浅淡、淡、淡中、深淡、中、中彩、彩、浓彩、浓、深、极深、暗,简化后分8级:弱、浅、淡、中、彩、浓、深、暗。关于彩色钻石的明亮度详细划分为8级:很暗、暗、较暗、较明、明亮、亮、亮彩、阳亮。简化为4级:暗、较明、明亮、阳亮。颜色色种的稀有度分级有:顶端稀有色种的红色系,极度稀有色种的绿色系、橙色系、紫色系,稀有色种的蓝色系、粉色系,较稀有色种的棕色系、黑色,少见色种的灰色系、褐色系,较少见色种的黄色系。文中对彩钻大小的粒度也进行了界定,并对彩钻的致色因素做了探讨,分作岩浆期致色、岩浆期后致色、未知的复杂因素致色等。指出了彩钻所包含的研究领域。 相似文献
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Saday Azadoglu ALIYEV Ali SARI Bahadir KTEN Ankara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering Tandogan Ankara Turkey 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)
Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment. 相似文献
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中国煤中的九种金属元素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在煤的加工利用过程中,煤中金属元素进入大气、水体和土壤,以致污染环境,这是人们关心的事。本文将介绍镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、钼、镍、铅、锌等九种元素在我国煤中的分布和赋存情况。 相似文献
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Manfred Birke Clemens Reimann Alecos Demetriades Uwe Rauch Hans Lorenz Bodo Harazim Wolfgang Glatte 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
A total of 1785 European bottled water samples were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. The bottled water samples were purchased in 2008 at supermarkets throughout 40 European countries. The samples were analyzed for 71 chemical parameters (As, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, Br−, HCO3−, Cl−, F−, NH4+, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−, SO42−, SiO2, pH, and EC) by quadrupole inductively coupled emission spectroscopy (ICP-QMS, trace elements), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, major elements), ion chromatography (IC, anions), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS, Hg), titration (alkalinity), photometric methods (NH4+), potentiometric methods (pH), and conductometric methods (specific electrical conductivity, EC). A very strict quality control procedure was followed by analysing blanks, international reference materials, an internal project standard, and duplicate analyses, as well as by analysing 23 elements by both ICP-QMS and ICP-AES. Analysis of marketed bottled water from springs, wells or boreholes, apart from the evaluation of its quality with respect to inorganic elements, it may provide a cheap alternative to obtain a first impression about groundwater chemistry at the European scale. 相似文献
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Size fractionation of ~40 major and trace elements (TE) in peat soil solutions from the Tverskaya region (Russia) has been
studied using frontal filtration and ultrafiltration through a progressively decreasing pore size (5, 2.5, 0.22 μm, 100, 10,
5, and 1 kD) and in situ dialysis through 6–8 and 1 kD membranes with subsequent analysis by ICP-MS. In (ultra) filter-passed permeates and dialysates
of soil solutions, Fe, Al, and organic carbon (OC) are well correlated, indicating the presence of mixed organo-mineral colloids.
All major anions and silica are present in “dissolved” forms passed through 1 kD membrane. According to their behavior during
filtration and dialysis and association with mineral or organic components, three groups of elements can be distinguished:
(i) species that are weakly affected by size separation operations and largely (>50–80%) present in the form of dissolved
inorganic species (Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs, As, Mn) with some proportion of small (1–10 kD) organic complexes (Ca,
Mg, Sr, Ba), (ii) biologically essential elements (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd) mainly present in the fraction smaller than 1 kD and
known to form strong organic complexes with fulvic acids, and, (iii) elements strongly associated with aluminum, iron and
OC in all ultrafiltrates and dialysates with 30–50% being concentrated in large (>10 kD) colloids (Ga, Y, REEs, Pb, Cd, V,
Nb, Sn, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U). For most trace metals, the proportion in the colloidal fraction correlates with their first hydrolysis
constant. This implies a strong control of negatively charged oxygen donors present in inorganic/organic colloids on TE distribution
between aqueous solution and colloid particles. It is suggested that these colloids are formed during plant uptake of Al,
Fe, and TE from mineral matrix of deep soil horizons and their subsequent release in surface horizons after litter degradation
and oxygenation on redox or acid/base fronts. Dissolved organic matter stabilizes Al/Fe colloids and thus enhances trace elements
transport in soil solutions. 相似文献
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岩溶地下河污染物运移特征及自净能力 ——以广西里湖地下河为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以广西里湖地下河为研究对象,通过观测地下河系统中污染物的运移行为来研究其自净过程。于不同季节沿着地下河的径流方向进行一个水文年的调查取样。结果发现地下河主要受到NO2-N、NH4+-N、COD和As、Cd、Hg等重金属的污染。污染物从地表进入岩溶含水层,到达地下河出口时部分污染物浓度衰减明显,说明一些离子有明显的自净能力。因地下河的结构和部分管道半充水状态、明暗流交替等水文地质条件,地下河的自净机制主要是物理过程的稀释作用和化学过程的氧化还原反应。通过对比地下河主要离子的衰减量和衰减速率,发现衰减比例最高的为铵态氮,最低为保守元素氯离子。根据衰减速率,将水中的离子和微量元素分为4种衰减特征类型:TFe、Al和Zn一旦进入岩溶含水层后全部衰减;K、Na、Mg、F、Cl、HPO4和TP在洞穴伏流段具有最高的衰减速率;来自生活和工业污染的NH4-N、CODCr、BOD5从上游至下游逐渐减少;Mn、 Ba和Hg从明流转为伏流时衰减速率最快,但在洞穴伏流内存在二次悬浮。 相似文献
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海洋和湖泊具有重要的气候环境和生态调节功能。研究地质历史时期海洋和湖泊生态系统的生物群落的组成、结构和演变,将为解决当前面临的环境问题,评估可持续发展提供科学依据。生物标志物具有生物专属性,提供了使我们能够从分子水平上研究地质历史中各种生物演变的工具。本文初步总结了海洋和湖泊生态系统中的生物标志物(烷烃、酸类、醇类、酮类、酯类、甾类、藿类、萜类和甘油四醚类等)的特征和来源。陆生高等植物来源的生物标志物,以长链的烷烃、脂肪酸、脂肪醇和木质素、萜类等较为常见;水生微藻来源的生物标志物有长链烯酮、烷基二醇和高度支链类异戊二烯类化合物(HBIs)等;微生物来源的生物标志物有细菌藿烷多元醇(BHPs)、异形胞糖脂和支链烷烃类等。今后结合生物标志物单体同位素分析和基因、蛋白质组学等现代分子生物学研究,加强不同生物标志物对应的生物种属的生态学研究,古今生态研究相结合,可以为某些生物标志物的分子来源研究提供新的可行途径。本文还综述了生物标志物指标在重建海洋和湖泊生态系统的组成、结构、生产力和营养状况方面的应用。未来的研究将偏向于从定性向定量化重建转变,在海洋研究中应用较成熟的指标将越来越多的被用于湖泊环境中。此外,多指标结合使用将提高重建古生态系统的可靠度。 相似文献
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Abundance, Sources and Speciation of Trace Elements in Humus-Rich Streams Affected by Acid Sulphate Soils 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The behaviour of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr,Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) was studied in five humus-richstreams (dissolved organic carbon = 14–40 mg/L)impacted by acid sulphate soils developed in marinesulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments. During heavyrainfalls in autumn, on which the study focusses, themetals Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn are extensivelyleached from these acidic soils (pH = 2.5–4.5), whileAs, Cr, Fe and V are not leached more strongly fromthis soil type than from areas of till and peat. Aspeciation experiment, based on anion and cationexchange of the stream waters in the field, showedthat (1) the metals Al, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn aretransported in the streams mainly as inorganiccations, (2) Cu exists mainly in cationic form but isalso to a significant extent associated with dissolvedhumic substances, (3) Fe occurs mainly in the anionicfraction explained by organic coating on colloidal Feoxyhydoxides and (4) the hydrochemistry of As, Cr andV is complex as these elements may exist in severalunquantified anionic fractions and to a minor extentin cationic species/forms. Whereas the proportion ofacid sulphate soils in the catchments had a largeimpact on concentrations levels of several elements inthe stream waters, these soils did not have a largeaffect on the speciation of elements in water. 相似文献
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川南普格杏仁状玄武岩晶洞中产出大量石英、水晶、沥青、葡萄石以及铜矿物,根据其产状和矿物组合分为石英沥青、水晶-沥青及水晶-葡萄石球粒三种类型晶洞。水晶-葡萄石晶洞中矿物组合具明显球粒形貌特点,球粒由中心柱状 水晶及垂直水晶柱面生长的葡萄石球粒内圈与铜矿物球粒外圈组成。铜矿物球粒具有明显圈层结构,由自然铜核、黑铜矿 幔、硅孔雀石与孔雀石壳组成。野外及镜下观察显示,铜矿物集合体形态受自然铜形状和产出控制,铜矿物球粒主要分布 于多个葡萄石球粒边缘的汇聚处,核部自然铜为球粒状;脉状铜矿物由一向伸长自然铜与黑铜矿、硅孔雀石等矿物组成, 分布于晶洞裂隙中。碳同位素与红外光谱研究表明晶洞中的沥青为生物成因,属石油沥青,有机质可能来自下二叠统 （P13）碳酸盐。晶洞中矿物为含有机质成矿溶液依次结晶而成,其顺序为：玉髓或石英→水晶、沥青与自然铜→自然铜与 葡萄石→黑铜矿→硅孔雀石→孔雀石→方解石。沥青的螺旋生长花纹特征、水晶中包裹体均一化温度以及水晶中沥青与自 然铜之间的关系显示,沥青是有机质（原油）受热裂解转变而成,其形成温度约为290~230℃,自然铜的结晶温度为230~ 160℃。 相似文献
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纳日贡玛一带的始新世—渐新世斑岩体多以不规则小岩株形式产出,由二长花岗斑岩组成;岩石化学类型为亚碱性的富钾钙碱性系列,SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O、LREE,Sr、Rb、Ba、Th、Ce、Mo、Cu、Au、Ag含量高,CaO、TiO2、HREE、Y、Yb、Cr、Sc、Co、Ni亏损。稀土分馏明显,Eu异常不明显。斑岩源岩为壳源,有洋壳物质的混染;其形成模式为陆内俯冲导致软流圈上涌,并向下地壳注入诱发下地壳物质熔融产生岩浆。 相似文献
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黄锡矿-似黄锡矿-硫锡铁铜矿组合及其结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄锡矿-似黄锡矿-硫锡铁铜矿产于湖南大义山花岗岩与石炭、二叠系灰岩接触处的富斑铜矿夕卡岩铜矿床中。硫锡铁铜矿在国内属首次发现。它们的化学成分、物理性质、光学性质和晶体结构与国外相同矿物相似。它们都有两种产状,构成多种结构。 相似文献