共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 310 毫秒
1.
近年来,我国黄海海域大规模暴发的绿潮现象对海洋生态环境和海水中的物质迁移转化产生了重要影响。而浒苔作为绿潮暴发过程中的主要藻类,是释放二甲基硫(DMS)的优势藻类,其对海水中硫酸盐吸收转化及生源硫释放发挥着重要作用。本文通过实验室培养探讨了温度、盐度及不同形态氮营养盐对浒苔生长及释放生源硫化物的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内(盐度为25—35,温度为20—25°C),盐度对浒苔生长无明显影响,但盐度增加会促进β-二甲基巯基丙酸内酯(DMSP)的合成。在温度为20°C盐度为35时,DMSP释放达到最大值。温度增加能够促进浒苔的增长,在培养第5天,25°C下浒苔湿重比20°C增加了25%左右。培养液中的DMS含量为20nmol/L左右,约是正常黄海水的4倍,DMSP的浓度更是高于正常海水的数十倍。增加无机氮浓度会促进浒苔的生长及DMS和DMSP的释放,相比之下,NH4+-N比NO3–-N更易被浒苔吸收利用,添加两种氮源组DMS和DMSP的最高含量均比空白组高60%和30%左右。DMS/DMSP的值在10%以内变化,培养过程中DMSP表观降解比AA(丙烯酸)/(AA+DMSP)总体上低于40%。 相似文献
2.
通过实验室培养研究了旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve)和小普林藻(Prymnesium parvum Carter)生长周期内培养液中二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸(DMSP)的含量。结果表明,2种微藻均能释放DMS,但小普林藻单细胞释放的DMS浓度约是旋链角毛藻的500倍。在藻类生长的不同阶段,它们释放DMS和DMSP的能力存在较大差异,但2种藻类DMS大量释放均出现在衰亡期。同时研究了盐度对2种微藻DMS释放的影响,结果表明高盐度会促进小普林藻DMS和DMSP的释放,而对旋链角毛藻DMSP的释放未有显著影响。 相似文献
3.
β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是一种在海洋中普遍存在的重要生源有机硫化物,其降解产物二甲基硫(DMS)挥发到大气中会形成云凝结核,进而对大气温度产生负反馈效应。DMSP主要由浮游植物和部分细菌生物合成,在浮游食物链和微食物环中进行传递和转化,并进一步通过食物网进入更高营养级。浮游生物是驱动全球碳、硫循环的关键环节,在DMSP生物地球化学循环中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。本文针对DMSP的来源、归宿及在浮游食物链中的传递和转移等方面进行综述,介绍了浮游食物链和微食物环在DMSP传递、转化中的作用。DMSP在海洋食物链中仍有不少传递和降解途径为研究空白,今后应针对目前的研究不足深入开展DMSP的产生、传递和转化机制研究,进一步完善DMSP的生物地球化学循环机制。 相似文献
4.
二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是地球上最丰富的有机硫分子之一,在全球硫循环和气候调节中具有重要的作用。DMSP是“冷室气体”二甲基硫(DMS)最主要的前体物质;在海洋中,DMSP可被多种途径降解,微生物降解是其最重要的途径之一。珊瑚礁是海洋DMS重要的来源之一,珊瑚共附生DMSP降解菌在DMS生产过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究从多孔鹿角珊瑚(Acropora millepora)、美丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora formosa)、多棘鹿角珊瑚(Acropora echinata)、指状鹿角珊瑚(Acropora digitifera)、鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis) 6种造礁石珊瑚中分离获得珊瑚共附生DMSP降解菌39株,基于16S rRNA基因序列对DMSP降解菌进行系统发育分析,39株DMSP降解菌株分别隶属于4个门、6个纲、19个属,优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus);通过火焰光度检测器?气相色谱(GC-FPD)联用技术检测DMSP降解产物,分析DMSP降解菌的DMS生产能力,结果显示,9株菌具有高产DMS能力,高产DMS菌株对于珊瑚应对气候变暖的益生作用有待后续深入研究。 相似文献
5.
《海洋科学进展》2021,39(3)
基于2012年和2014年中国北极科学考察航次白令海现场调查数据,分析白令海东陆架区二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质β-二甲基硫巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的空间分布特征和年际变化。结果显示,白令海东部陆架区DMS浓度呈自西向东递减的趋势,浓度平均值由2012年0.80 nmol·L~(-1)(范围为0.11～2.27 nmol·L~(-1))增加至2014年1.33 nmol·L~(-1)(范围为0.07～4.49 nmol·L~(-1))。DMSP浓度的空间变化与DMS不一致,高值区位于断面东部,主要受近岸阿拉斯加沿岸流以及育空河淡水输入的影响。2012—2014年,溶解态DMSP(DMSPd)和颗粒态DMSP(DMSPp)浓度平均值分别从4.21 nmol·L~(-1)、16.83 nmol·L~(-1)提高至14.94 nmol·L~(-1)、49.77 nmol·L~(-1),应是冷水团范围缩减以及浮游植物群落变化所引起的。DMS浓度同温度、c_(PO~(3-)_4)、c_(SiO~(2-)_3)显著相关,而DMS和DMSP浓度同无机氮浓度、盐度均存在显著相关性。表层海水DMS和DMSPd的生物生产速率均高于消费速率,且呈现出东高西低的趋势,原因是温度影响了微生物代谢活动。2014年的生产和消费速率均高于2012年的,主要由于表层海水DMS和DMSPd浓度升高和水团的年际变化。2012年和2014年表层海水中DMS微生物消耗速率平均值分别为13.66 nmol·L~(-1)·d~(-1)和33.87 nmol·L~(-1)·d~(-1),海-气通量平均值分别为3.66μmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1)和5.33μmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1),表层海水DMS通过海气扩散去除的周转时间分别是微生物消费的7.4和5.7倍。白令海东部陆架区表层水体中微生物消费是比海气释放更重要的DMS去除途径。 相似文献
6.
秋季东海二甲基硫和二甲巯基丙酸内盐浓度分布及降解速率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2013年10~11月现场测定了东海中二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP,分为溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)的含量,研究其水平分布特征、DMSPp的粒径分布及DMSPd的降解速率,并对DMS的海-气交换通量进行了探讨。研究结果表明,表层海水中DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的浓度平均值分别为(4.84±0.40)、(5.84±0.93)和(13.01±0.52)nmol·L-1。海水中DMSPd的降解速率在2.59~16.36nmol·L-1·d-1之间,平均值为(6.78±0.84)nmol·L-1·d-1。调查海域范围内,小型浮游植物(20μm)是DMSPp和叶绿素a(Chl a)重要贡献者。此外,秋季东海表层海水DMS的海-气交换通量为0.66~31.73μmol·m-2·d-1,平均值为(11.63±0.71)μmol·m-2·d-1。 相似文献
7.
硫代甜菜碱(DMSP)对大气环境的影响及其对水产动物营养的促进作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
一种二甲基硫化合物硫代甜菜碱（DMSP）成为环境科学和水产科学共同关注的热点之一。研究表明，DMSP是海洋植物产生的渗透调节物质，大量存在于海藻和盐生高等植物体内。含有DMSP的生物体死亡之后，DMSP被海洋细菌的二甲硫醚生成酶降解，生成二甲硫醚（DMS）和丙烯酸。DMS从海洋水面逾出，进入大气形成酸雨；由于DMS能形成云，所以有降低温室效应的作用。DMSP本身则对哺乳动物、禽类及水产动物（鱼和虾）的营养代谢有促进作用。酶学研究表明，动物肝脏中的两种硫甲基转移酶能把DMSP分子中硫原子上的甲基转换出来，提供给机体代谢所需。作为海洋植物渗透调节物质的主要成分，DMSP来源于植物体内的蛋氨酸。研究DMSP的生成变化规律，对进一步了解海洋气候和开发使用新的水产动物饲料添加剂有重要价值。 相似文献
8.
环境因子对三种常见微藻细胞中二甲基硫丙酸含量影响的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以3种常见的海洋浮游藻类──扁藻、杜氏藻和牟氏角刺藻作为实验材料,采用正交方法设计实验条件,研究盐度、温度和光强的变化对藻类细胞内二甲基硫丙酸（DMSP）含量的影响。结果表明,3种藻类细胞DMP含量相差很大。扁藻DMSP含量最高,其次为杜氏藻,牟氏角刺藻含量最低。种间差别的影响明显高于环境条件的变化对藻细胞DMSP含量的影响。3种环境因子对藻细胞DMSP含量的影响效果不同,盐度变化引起藻细胞DMP含量的变化最为显著,其次为温度和光强。随着盐度的增加,扁藻、杜氏藻和牟氏角刺藻细胞内DMSP含量均呈上升趋势。 相似文献
9.
海洋生物对二甲基硫生产的控制作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
二甲基硫(DMS)是参与全球硫循环的最主要的海洋生源硫化物,对全球气候变化和环境酸化产生重要影响.海洋中DMS的产生是一个极为复杂的生物学和生态学过程,主要涉及的生物过程包括浮游植物病毒感染、浮游动物摄食和DMSP裂解酶的活动.根据海洋生物活动在二甲基硫的全球生物地球化学循环中所起着的重要作用,作者综述了国际海洋科学工作者十几年来在DMS生物生产过程研究方面的进展. 相似文献
10.
本研究首次探究了西太平洋雅浦海沟北段从表层到超深渊海水中甲烷（CH4）及二甲基硫（DMS）的前体物质二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的浓度变化情况。结果表明:雅浦海沟海水甲烷浓度变化范围为1.49~3.87 nmol/L。其上层海水甲烷平均浓度最高，有明显的次表层极大现象。雅浦海沟氧最小层海水的甲烷平均浓度最低；在500~1 000 m中层水中甲烷浓度有一定程度的增大，1 000 m以下至底层甲烷浓度继续升高。研究海区溶解态DMSP（DMSPd）和总DMSP（DMSPt）平均浓度的垂直变化随深度呈先增大后减小趋势，颗粒态DMSP（DMSPp）的平均浓度随深度呈波动式变化，在中层达到最大。雅浦海沟CH4和DMSP浓度垂直变化受浮游生物、微生物、光照、温度、压力、大洋环流等的复杂影响。在真光层海水中，CH4浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为负相关关系，在200 m至底层海水中，CH4浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为正相关关系，显示光照条件是造成雅浦海沟不同深度海水CH4和DMSP浓度相关性差异的关键因素。 相似文献
11.
Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectra, and CDOM fluorescence characteristic of aromatic amino acids (excitation/emission 280 nm/320 nm; F(280/320)) and marine-humic like substances (320 nm/410 nm; F(320/410)) were measured in full depth during a cruise in the temperate Eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An optimum multi-parameter (OMP) inverse method was run to calculate water mass proportion-weighted average (archetypal) concentrations of these chemical parameters for all water masses and samples. Archetypal concentrations retain the variability due to water mass mixing and basin scale mineralization from the water mass formation sites to the study area. Conversely, the difference between measured and archetypal concentrations, retain the variability due to dissimilarities in mineralization processes within the study area. Our analysis indicates that DOC supported 26±3% of the AOU in the dark temperate ENA and that basin scale processes occurring at and from the formation area of the water masses explained 63% of the total DOC variability. Our data also suggests that DOC remineralized at the basin scale was of lower molecular weight, and with a lower proportion of fluorescent aromatic amino acids than found within the study area. The relationship between the absorption coefficient at 254 nm (aCDOM(254)) and AOU indicates that aCDOM(254) was consumed during organic matter remineralization in the dark ocean, with 55% of the variability being explained by basin scale processes. The relationships of F(320/410) with AOU and DOC confirmed that marine humic-like substances are produced by microbial degradation processes, at a rate of 6.1±0.9×10−3 mg equivalents of QS mol AOU−1. Our results also indicate that basin-scale remineralization processes account for 85% of the total variability of F(320/410), emphasizing that large scale processes control the formation of humic-like substance in the dark ENA. 相似文献
12.
根据历史文献分析，已知南海海名最早出现于周宣王（827BC--782BC在位）时的《江汉》诗中。秦汉之间214BC—111BC时著的《山海经·海内东经》篇，记述了现时广东省三水和广州以南地区当时为海，称南海。这可从《史记》和《汉书》的记述，以及现代珠江三角洲的考古学、第四纪地质学和河口演变的研究成果所证实。南海古时别名涨海，明清时期外国人称为大明海和大清海。清朝以来，外国人把它翻译成（或称作）英文“South China Sea”，而近代某些中国人再把这个英文名词直译成汉文“南中国海”，忽视“南海”固有的中文名称。民国和中华人民共和国政府先后出版的地图和其他正式出版物，皆只用“南海”名。 相似文献
13.
Dissolved organic matter cycling in the confluence of the Atlantic and Indian oceans south of Africa
The boundary between the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean is a key spot of the thermohaline circulation, where the following water masses mix up: Indian Central water (ICW), South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW) and Antarctic Winter Water (WW). An optimum multiparameter analysis based on the distributions of potential temperature, salinity, NO (=O2+9.3×NO3) and silicate during the GoodHope 2004 (GH04) cruise allowed us to (i) define the realms of these water masses; (ii) obtain the water mass proportion weighted-average (archetypal) apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of each water mass; and (iii) estimate the contribution of DOC to the oxygen demand of the study area. WW represented only 5.2% of the water volume sampled during GH04, followed by WSDW with 10.8%, NADW with 12.7%, SACW with 15.3%, AAIW with 23.1% and CDW with 32.8%. The distributions of DOC and AOU were mainly explained by the mixing of archetypal concentrations of these variables, 75±5% and 65±3% respectively, which retained the variability due to the basin-scale mineralization from the formation area to the barycentre of each water mass along the GH04 line. DOC accounted for 26±2% and 12±5% of the oxygen demand of the meso- and bathypelagic ocean, respectively. Conversely, local mineralization processes, retained by the residuals of the archetypal concentrations of DOC and AOU, did not contribute to improve significantly the mixing model of DOC. 相似文献
14.
《Marine Policy》2015
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can create significant risks when introduced to foreign ecosystems. One of the many vectors facilitating the global transport of NIS is ballast water, and as commercial shipping increases so does the threat of ballast water-mediated introductions. Despite Canadian regulations, consistent with international guidelines put forth by the International Maritime Organization in the early 1990s, ballast water remains a potential vector for the introduction of many NIS to Canadian marine ecosystems: there have been no new introductions in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region since 2006, yet marine ecosystems continue to see the introduction and establishment of NIS. This paper details and analyzes the development of Canadian ballast water management (BWM), in the context of marine ecosystems, and identifies issues therein. BWM in Canada has a number of management gaps that have persisted since large-scale BWM began in the late 1980s. These include BWM exemptions for vessels not exiting the North American continental shelf, and limitations of effectiveness of mid-ocean exchange as the predominant management method in marine ecosystems. In addition, ballast water regulations for the Canadian Arctic may require additional consideration as the Arctic will likely continue to see an increase in both warming and commercial shipping in the future, thereby increasing the potential risk of NIS. In order to adequately protect all Canadian marine ecosystems, it is recommended that the current BWM regime: fill gaps in management to help prevent further introduction and spread of NIS; focus equally on both marine and freshwater regions, and; look to other aggressive BWM strategies such as those being developed by the state of California. 相似文献
15.
A.J. Gabric P.A. Matrai R.P. Kiene R. Cropp J.W.H. Dacey G.R. DiTullio R.G. Najjar R. Sim D.A. Toole D.A. delValle D. Slezak 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1505
The major source of reduced sulfur in the remote marine atmosphere is the biogenic compound dimethylsulfide (DMS), which is ubiquitous in the world's oceans and released through food web interactions. Relevant fluxes and concentrations of DMS, its phytoplankton-produced precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and related parameters were measured during an intensive Lagrangian field study in two mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea during July–August 2004, a period characterized by high mixed-layer DMS and low chlorophyll—the so-called ‘DMS summer paradox’. We used a 1-D vertically variable DMS production model forced with output from a 1-D vertical mixing model to evaluate the extent to which the simulated vertical structure in DMS and DMSP was consistent with changes expected from field-determined rate measurements of individual processes, such as photolysis, microbial DMS and dissolved DMSP turnover, and air–sea gas exchange. Model numerical experiments and related parametric sensitivity analyses suggested that the vertical structure of the DMS profile in the upper 60 m was determined mainly by the interplay of the two depth-variable processes—vertical mixing and photolysis—and less by biological consumption of DMS. A key finding from the model calibration was the need to increase the DMS(P) algal exudation rate constant, which includes the effects of cell rupture due to grazing and cell lysis, to significantly higher values than previously used in other regions. This was consistent with the small algal cell size and therefore high surface area-to-volume ratio of the dominant DMSP-producing group—the picoeukaryotes. 相似文献
16.
The four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) has been widely used in meteorological and oceanographic data assimilation. This method is usually implemented in the model space, known as primal approach (P4D-Var). Alternatively, physical space analysis system (4D-PSAS) is proposed to reduce the computation cost, in which the 4D-Var problem is solved in physical space (i.e., observation space). In this study, the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm, implemented in the 4D-PSAS system is evaluated and it is found that the non-monotonic change of the gradient norm of 4D-PSAS cost function causes artificial oscillations of cost function in the iteration process. The reason of non-monotonic variation of gradient norm in 4D-PSAS is then analyzed. In order to overcome the non-monotonic variation of gradient norm, a new algorithm, Minimum Residual (MINRES) algorithm, is implemented in the process of assimilation iteration in this study. Our experimental results show that the improved 4D-PSAS with the MINRES algorithm guarantees the monotonic reduction of gradient norm of cost function, greatly improves the convergence properties of 4D-PSAS as well, and significantly restrains the numerical noises associated with the traditional 4D-PSAS system. 相似文献
17.
In this work, the possible exploitation of fiber-reinforced composites in the context of maritime transportation of compressed natural gas (CNG) is investigated. In addition to a more conventional steel configuration, two different fiber materials, carbon and glass, are considered as construction materials for pressure vessels (PVs) to be stored on board ships, with thickness optimized by FEM analysis.The considered scenario is represented by the transportation of CNG from an offshore well to a terminal on shore. Fleets of ships carrying CNG in pressure vessels manufactured with the investigated materials are generated by means of a ship synthesis model (SSM) software and compared on the basis of technical and economical indicators.The choice of the construction material influences considerably the weight of the PVs, which represent a major item of total ship weight and reflects directly on the general transport performances in terms of resistance, seakeeping and reliability in the service. On the other hand, capital as well as operating expenditures are considerably affected by the choice. When exploring the design space, the ship synthesis model is able, at a preliminary stage of the design, to account for the various technical and economical aspects, their implications and relationships. Results are presented of computations carried out in a specific case, identified by the annual gas production and other characteristics of the well terminal and a cruising route for the ships. The comparison is carried out on the basis of the cost per transported unit of gas and of the percentage of success in the transportation process. The computations show that the choice of the PV material has a key influence on the results in terms of optimal number, dimensions and speed of the ships. 相似文献
18.
莱州湾海域水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平和分布特征 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
以固相萃取/气相色谱法测定了莱州湾海域水体中22种有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度水平和分布特征。结果表明,莱州湾海域表层水体中有机氯农药浓度范围为N.D.~32.7ng/L,底层水中的浓度范围为N.D.~11.7ng/L。在该海域水体中共检出有机氯农药3种,β-666是水体中主要的有机氯农药污染物。多氯联苯类在底层水样中检出2种,总浓度范围在4.5~27.7ng/L之间。该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分布特征是近岸高,离岸低,由近岸向湾外延伸方向依次递减。并对莱州湾表层水中总有机氯农药与海水盐度、氯度、溶解氧和pH间的关系作了初步探讨,得出总有机氯农药与盐度、氯度间有一定的相关关系,相关系数均为0.59。方法测定5种有机氯农药化合物的空白加标回收率为97.3%~126.0%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~8.6%;测定5种多氯联苯类化合物的空白加标回收率为88.6%~151.8%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~10.4%。 相似文献
19.
等值线构建是G IS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于M apInfo数据格式在G IS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现,首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点,再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及M apX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理,从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线,同时发现M apX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。 相似文献
20.
A chemoreduction-purge-and-trap gas chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of trace dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in seawater. In the analysis procedure, DMSO was first reduced to dimethylsufide (DMS) by sodium borohydride and then the produced DMS was analyzed using the purge-and-trap technique coupled with gas chromatographic separation and flame photometric detection. Under the optimum conditions, 97% DMSO was reduced in the standard solution samples with a standard deviation of 5% (n=5). The detection limit of DMSO was 2.7 pmol of sulfur, corresponding to a concentration of 0.75 nmol/L for a 40 ml sample. This method was applied to determine the dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) concentrations in the surface seawater of the Jiaozhou Bay, and the results showed that the DMSOd and DMSOp concentrations varied from 16.8 to 921.1 nmol/L (mean:165.2 nmol/L) and from 8.0 to 162.4 nmol/L (mean:57.7 nmol/L), respectively. The high concentrations of DMSOp were generally found in productive regions. Consequently, a significant correlation was found between the concentrations of DMSOp and chlorophyll a, suggesting that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distribution of DMSOp in the bay. Moreover, in the study area, the concentrations of DMSOd were significantly correlated with the levels of DMS, implying that the production of DMSOd is mainly via photochemical and biological oxidation of DMS. 相似文献