共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
悬浮颗粒物及粒径是水质重要参数,其分布特征研究有助于加深对海洋生态环境的了解。利用2013年6月和2013年11月LISST-100观测数据,研究了黄、渤海区域悬浮物粒径和浓度的分布情况,浓度分布整体上呈现近岸高远岸低的状况,粒径分布呈现近岸细远岸粗的特征,季节分布特征明显;通过典型断面分析,悬浮物粒径和浓度随着水深变化明显,连续站数据分析结果表明大风对底层颗粒物的再悬浮作用显著,潮流对悬浮物的时空分布有着重要影响;水体衰减系数随着体积浓度变化明显;此外,还研究了悬浮颗粒物粒径Junge分布在黄、渤海区域的适用性。 相似文献
2.
3.
海南近海海域浊度与悬浮颗粒物粒径的分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2005年8-9月在海南西部近海海域底质调查获得的水体浊度、悬浮颗粒物粒径的数据和资料,探讨了该区浊度和悬浮颗粒物粒径的分布规律,结果表明:(1)研究区表层水体浊度与悬浮颗粒物的总体积浓度由岸向外海方向逐渐减小,底部水体浊度与悬浮颗粒物的体积浓度高值区呈斑状分布;(2)研究区的水体浊度和悬浮颗粒物体积浓度随着水深增大而增大,部分调查站位出现异常现象;(3)研究区表层和底部水体浊度与悬浮颗粒物各粒级的体积浓度相关性较好,相关系数在0.85以上。 相似文献
4.
Masaaki Fukuda 《Journal of Oceanography》1974,30(2):67-76
The suspended matter in seawater near the bottom is distributed by the effects of sinking and diffusion. The author developed a method of estimation of the vertical eddy diffusivity near the sea bottom and the particle size distribution of bottom sediment, in the case of equilibrium state. This estimation was made by the comparison of measured and computed vertical distribution of beam attenuation. The parameters which were used for the computation were (1) median of the particle size distribution of bottom sediment, assuming that the particle size was a log-normal distribution, and (2) the proportional constant of vertical eddy diffusivity which was proportional to the height from the bottom.As the suspended matter in seawater contains particles of different sizes, the computation of the diffusion and beam attenuation was made for each particle size, and summarizing the results, the vertical distribution of beam attenuation coefficient was computed.In order to estimate the beam attenuation in high particle concentration, an equation by which the effect of overlapping of particle shadow in the light beam was eliminated, was used. 相似文献
5.
High-frequency bubble layer scattering investigations require the measurement of the intensity of backscattered sound and the corresponding depth of the scatterers below the moving surface. Especially at high sea state conditions and high acoustic frequencies, bubbles acoustically mask the surface, i.e., the surface return cannot be detected. However, this environmental condition is the most interesting one in bubble scattering investigations and a reliable method is required to determine the range of the scatterers to the surface displacement. A method for the determination of the vertical profiling of acoustic scattering in the presence of bubbles at high sea state conditions is presented. It is based on the transmission of a low-frequency signal alternately to the high-frequency signal at which the scattering investigations are performed. The only information that is extracted from the low-frequency echo is the onset of the surface return. It is used to compute the true depth of scatterers at the high frequency. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum low frequency at which the detection of the surface onset in the presence of a high bubble concentration is ensured. A screening ratio is defined to give a measure of the acoustic masking of the sea surface. It is depicted for an extreme wind condition (20 m/s) for the frequency range of 5-25 kHz and as a function of wind speed for 50 kHz measurements. Selected results of subsurface bubble scattering at 50 kHz from experiments under open sea conditions are presented for the wind speed regime from 9 to 22 m/s. Additionally, the two-frequency scatterometer is used to measure sea state characteristics simultaneously to the scattering investigations by remote sensing techniques 相似文献
6.
长江口新生相形成的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
证实了长江河水与长江口海水相混可形成新生相，新生相能强烈地捕集水体中的痕量元素；并首次用动态光散射技术测定了新生相的颗粒大小与分布。 相似文献
7.
The attenuation of lateral propagating light(LPL) in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficient μ(λ) for lateral propagating light was obtained from the measured logarithmic relative variation rate. In this study an analytical solution based on the strict optical theories is developed to validate the measured result. There is a good consistency between theoretical solution and measured data, by which a quite simple but very rigorous relationship among the light source, measurement geometry, and measured irradiance is established. The attenuation coefficients acquired by measurement and theory are the diffusion attenuation as an apparent optical property of ice, independent of the light source and shining condition. The attenuation ability of sea ice should be caused by the microstructure of sea ice, such as crystal size, ice density, brine volume, air inclusion, etc. It also includes the leak from both interfaces by directional scattering. It is verified that the measuring approach is operational and accurate to measure the attenuation of the LPL. The solution from this study did not tell the connection among the extinction and the inclusions of sea ice theoretically because of insufficient understanding. 相似文献
8.
海冰动力过程的改进离散元模型及在渤海的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海冰的断裂、重叠和堆积等离散分布特性广泛地存在于极区和副极区的不同海域,并对海冰的生消、运移过程有着重要影响。针对海冰在不同尺度下的离散分布特点,发展海冰动力过程的离散元方法有助于完善海冰数值模式,提高海冰数值模拟的计算精度。为此,本文针对海冰生消运移过程中的非连续分布和形变特性,发展了适用于海冰动力过程的改进离散元模型(MDEM)。不同于传统离散元方法,该模型将海冰离散为具有一定厚度、尺寸和密集度的圆盘单元。海冰单元设为诸多浮冰块的集合体,其在运移和相互接触碰撞过程中,依照质量守恒发生单元尺寸、密集度和厚度的相应变化。基于海冰离散性和流变性的特点,该模型采用黏弹性接触本构模型计算单元间的作用力,并依据Mohr-Coulomb准则计算海冰法向作用下的塑性变形及切向摩擦力。为验证该模型的可靠性,本文对海冰在规则水域内的运移和堆积过程进行了分析,离散元计算结果与解析值相一致;此外,对旋转风场下海冰漂移规律的模拟进一步验证了本文方法的精确性。在此基础上,对渤海辽东湾的海冰动力过程进行了48h数值分析,计算结果与卫星遥感资料和油气作业区的海冰现场监测数据吻合良好。在下一步工作中将考虑海冰离散元模拟中的热力因素影响,发展具有冻结、断裂效应的海冰离散元模型,更精确地模拟海冰动力-热力耦合作用下的生消和运移过程。 相似文献
9.
1 IntroductionKnowledge of suspended particle size and distri-bution is the key elements for better understandingthe sediment transport processes ( Wang et al.,2004), primary production (Ning et al., 2004),water quality controlling and pollution predictio… 相似文献
10.
It is demonstrated that for linear deep sea waves with small directional scattering the particle motion at the sea surface and energy transmission may be retrieved from a wave record by means of the Hilbert transform. A physical interpretation of the envelope of the two-dimensional deep sea waves as well as a new method for wave group analysis is presented. 相似文献
11.
Frédéric Jourdin Caroline Tessier Pierre Le Hir Romaric Verney Michel Lunven Sophie Loyer André Lusven Jean-François Filipot Jérémy Lepesqueur 《Geo-Marine Letters》2014,34(4):381-397
A pair of self-contained acoustic Doppler current profilers (SC-ADCPs) operating with different frequencies were moored on a muddy sea bottom at about 20 m depth in the Bay of Vilaine off the French Atlantic coast. With their acoustic beams oriented upwards, the SC-ADCPs ensonified most of the water column. The results of several months of in situ recorded echo intensity data spanning 2 years (2003 to 2004) from the dual-frequency ADCPs are presented in this paper. The aim was to estimate suspended particle mass concentration and mean size. A concentration index CI is proposed for the estimation of particle concentration. Based on theory the CI—unlike the volume backscatter strength—does not depend on particle size. Compared with in situ optical data, the CI shows reasonable precision but not increased with respect to that of the highest-frequency backscatter strength. Concerning the mean particle size, despite a lack of quantitative validation with optical particle-size measurements, the method yielded a qualitative discrimination of mineral (small) and organic (large) particles. This supports the potential of dual-frequency ADCPs to quantitatively determine particle size. A cross-calibration of the transducers of each ADCP shows that a specific component of the precision of the backscatter strength measured by ADCP depends on the acoustic frequency, the cell thickness and the ensemble integration time. Based on these results, the use of two ADCPs operating with distinctly different frequencies (two octaves apart) or a single dual-frequency ADCP is recommended. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, we experimentally perform the measurement of the backscattered light intensity from the underwater targets with different size. We develop a simple system, which can easily measure the intensity of the backscattered light, after the laser is scattered at the target underwater. We find that, the signal period is related to the particle size, and the stability of the intensity (standard deviation) varies linearly with changing the particle size. After the calibration, our system can be used to precisely determine the particle size of arbitrary targets. Our method could open a new opportunity for the future underwater detection using femtosecond pulse laser. 相似文献
13.
The solar light field within the ocean from the sea surface to the bottom of the mesopelagic zone was simulated with a radiative transfer model that accounts for the presence of inelastic radiative processes associated with Raman scattering by water molecules, fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and fluorescence of chlorophyll-a contained in phytoplankton. The simulation results provide a comprehensive characterization of the ambient light field and apparent optical properties (AOPs) across the entire visible spectral range within the depth range 200–1000 m of the entire mesopelagic zone for varying chlorophyll-a concentration and seawater optical properties in the mixed surface layer of the ocean. With increasing depth in the mesopelagic zone, the solar irradiance is reduced by ~9–10 orders of magnitude and exhibits a major spectral maximum in the blue, typically centered around a light wavelength of 475 nm. In the green and red spectral regions, the light levels are significantly lower but still important owing to local generation of photons via inelastic processes, mostly Raman scattering and to a lesser extent CDOM fluorescence. The Raman scattering produces a distinct secondary maximum in irradiance spectra centered around 565 nm. Comparisons of our results with light produced by the radioactive decay of the unstable potassium isotope contained in sea salt (40K) indicates that the solar irradiance dominates over the 40K-produced irradiance within the majority of the mesopelagic zone for most scenarios considered in our simulations. The angular distribution of radiance indicates the dominance of downward propagation of light in the blue and approach to uniform distribution in the red throughout the mesopelagic zone. Below the approximate depth range 400–500 m, the shape of the angular distribution is nearly invariant with increasing depth in the green and red and varies weakly in the blue. The AOPs at any light wavelength also assume nearly constant values within the deeper portion of the mesopelagic zone. These results indicate that the mesopelagic light field reaches a nearly-asymptotic regime at depths exceeding ~400–500 m. 相似文献
14.
利用ADCP和LISST-100仪观测悬浮物浓度的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用黄河口海床基声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)的周日观测资料对悬浮物浓度进行了反演,反演过程中综合考虑了球面扩散、声学近场的非球面扩散、海水和悬浮颗粒的吸收衰减以及其他因素对回声信号的影响,结果表明在粒径保持相对稳定的情况下,利用ADCP仪回声强度反演悬浮物浓度具有较高的精度.结合现场激光粒度仪(LISST-100)测得的粒径分布信息在反演过程中考虑了粒径修正,重点讨论了观测区域粒径变化对结果的影响,结果表明粒径的剧烈变化会降低体积后向散射强度与悬浮物浓度之间的相关性.大颗粒物质的存在使计算得到的悬浮物浓度偏高,粒径修正虽然在一定程度上消除了这种影响,但线性拟合的相关性并未提高. 相似文献
15.
利用2017年8-9月期间大连长兴岛海域实测遥感反射率、悬浮物浓度及GF-1 WFV数据,研究了该区域悬浮物浓度的遥感反演算法,发现遥感反射率与悬浮物浓度的散点图存在两种不同的变化趋势,将2008-2015年期间辽东湾内其它海域的数据与长兴岛海域数据进行叠加后,可初步推断产生两种变化趋势的主要原因在于疏浚区与非疏浚区悬浮物的粒径大小不同,导致其光学特性和反演算法也存在差异。将两种算法分别应用于2017年9月20日辽东湾及长兴岛近岸海域的GF-1 WFV4影像,发现采用非疏浚区算法反演长兴岛海域悬浮物浓度时,出现明显的低估现象,而疏浚区算法则能较好地反映出疏浚施工过程中悬浮物的分布规律,具有较好的工程应用价值。 相似文献
16.
Considering the discontinuous characteristics of sea ice on various scales,a modified discrete element model（DEM） for sea ice dynamics is developed based on the granular material rheology.In this modified DEM,a soft sea ice particle element is introduced as a self-adjustive particle size function.Each ice particle can be treated as an assembly of ice floes,with its concentration and thickness changing to variable sizes under the conservation of mass.In this model,the contact forces among ice particles are calculated using a viscous-elastic-plastic model,while the maximum shear forces are described with the Mohr-Coulomb friction law.With this modified DEM,the ice flow dynamics is simulated under the drags of wind and current in a channel of various widths.The thicknesses,concentrations and velocities of ice particles are obtained,and then reasonable dynamic process is analyzed.The sea ice dynamic process is also simulated in a vortex wind field.Taking the influence of thermodynamics into account,this modified DEM will be improved in the future work. 相似文献
17.
D.G. Bowers K.M. Braithwaite W.A.M. Nimmo-Smith G.W. Graham 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,91(3):341-350
A correct understanding of the way in which light interacts with suspended particles is essential for quantitative interpretation of satellite visible band imagery of turbid shelf seas and estuaries. In this paper we describe new optical observations at 90 stations in the tidally energetic waters along the south and west coasts of Britain. The cross sectional area of the particles in suspension has been measured with a LISST laser diffraction instrument. Light scattering and absorption coefficients have been determined by applying Kirk’s method to radiometric measurements at 6 wavelengths. Results show that the scattering coefficient increases linearly with particle cross sectional area A per unit volume of water with a slope (scattering efficiency) of 1.96 (standard error 0.08) at 665 nm. Particle absorption coefficients aP also increase with particle cross sectional area but at the most turbid stations, particle absorption per unit area (aP/A) is observed to increase with the mean size of the particles in suspension. The particles are mostly mineral flocs which become more opaque as they grow larger and the photon path length through them increases. The implication of these results for remote sensing is that reflectance in the red part of the spectrum, which mainly depends on light scattering, is proportional to the cross sectional area of particles in suspension. Reflectance measurements in the green and blue parts of the spectrum, where particle absorption becomes more important, depend on the diameter of the particles as well as their cross sectional area. We show that simultaneous measurements of reflectance in the red and green parts of the spectrum can be used to derive both the area and size of the particles in suspension. 相似文献
18.
海杂波具有非线性、非平稳和时变特性,多重分形测度分析是对物理系统局部奇异性的一个完整描述。本文根据海杂波电磁散射的经典模型——随机游走模型,利用随机微分理论对海杂波的物理特性进行了系统地建模分析。建立了描述海杂波电磁散射时变特性的随机微分方程,利用Itô公式得到了海杂波散射信号幅度和相位的扩散过程模型,并利用多重分形谱分析了该模型的奇异性。为了验证其准确性,与加拿大McMaster大学IPIX雷达实测海杂波数据的多重分形谱进行对比,实验结果表明两者完全一致,从而表明基于随机游走的随机微分模型是描述海杂波动力学机理的有效算法。 相似文献
19.
一种新的用于极化SAR图像船只检测的散射相似性测度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出了一种新的用于极化合成孔径雷达（SAR）海上船只目标检测的测度。首先利用散射相似性参数研究船只与海杂波散射机制的差异。基于这些差异，提出了一种新的船只检测测度，该测度能够有效区分船只目标和海杂波。然后提出了利用核密度估计（KDE）方法对该测度进行建模的方法。基于统计模型，实现了自适应恒虚警率（CFAR）的检测方案。本文利用多景C波段RADARSAT-2极化SAR（Pol-SAR）数据上进行实验，系统分析了所提出测度的海杂波拟合性能与船只检测性能，并与两个经典的极化测度进行了比较，实验和比较结果证明了所提的测度的可行性。 相似文献
20.
为了研究南黄海不同典型海域沉积物的粒度特征及其对沉积环境和水动力条件的响应特征,对南黄海海域6个柱状样沉积物进行了激光粒度测试,得到样品的粒度概率分布曲线、平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度等粒度参数,初步探讨了南黄海不同海域特征水动力条件下粒度的响应特征.结果表明,山东半岛东侧海域具有沿岸流水动力条件强,黄河物质输入量大,导致沉积物具有粒径较粗、极正偏和单峰分布的粒度特征;在山东半岛更靠东的海域,水动力条件减弱,受沿岸流和冷水团的共同作用,沉积物具有粒径较细及双峰分布的粒度特征;靠近冷水团中心的沉积物主要受冷水团的作用,沉积物具有垂向均匀且较细、负偏及单峰分布的粒度特征,与此处非常弱且单一的水动力条件相关联;老黄河口外的水下三角洲主要受到沿岸流的侵蚀与改造作用,在一定范围内,改造作用的强度随离岸距离的增加而随之增强,沉积物粒度也由细变粗;以沿岸流侵蚀作用为主的南黄海西部海域,沉积物粒度较粗,概率分布曲线呈粗端多峰分布.因此,沉积物的粒度特征很好地记录了南黄海不同的典型沉积环境中的水动力条件状态和特征. 相似文献