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1.
志留纪宁强组碳酸盐岩台地的时空演变及宁强湾的封闭 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
志留纪兰多维列世时扬子地台的陆表海的各部分先后上升为陆,至特列奇期末仅在局部地区残留海湾,其西北缘的宁强湾就是其中之一。在相当于ｇｒｉｅｓｔｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ带上部和ｓｐｉｒａｌｉｓ－ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ笔石带的宁强组内沉积了２０００多米厚的泥页岩夹碳酸盐岩,底栖生态组合指示的深度浅于潮下带下部。基底的快速沉降和来自周缘不同时期隆起区陆源碎屑的强烈均衡补偿充填是宁强湾沉积的主要特征。宁强湾开口于西面的广海,其它三面由大巴山率先升隆区和西乡上升区环绕,在陆源碎屑干扰较弱的时期和地点形成了局限碳酸盐岩台地的沉积建造。宁强组碳酸盐岩地层可分为８个主要形成期,每期形成的局限台地在不同部位发育了各种类型的生物岩隆,各期碳酸盐岩台地都是由于大量陆源碎屑泥质的盖覆而结束。宁强组的顶界从东北向西南穿时,指示了扬子地台西北缘在特列奇期末由东北而西南的最后抬升过程。 相似文献
2.
扬子地台是一个横跨华南地块的以浅海沉积为主的大型碳酸盐岩台地,南盘江盆地是发育在扬子地台碳酸盐岩台地背景之上的一个沉积盆地,从晚元古代到晚三叠世长期海相沉积演化历史中,扬子地台一南盘江盆地体系经历了多次重要的构造演化阶段。扬子地台从晚元古代到早三叠世末期一直保持为一个稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,在中三叠世末期扬子地块整体抬升,海平面下降,形成了遍及扬子主体的拉丁期大海退,从而使扬子地块大部分地区抬升为陆。南盘江盆地位于华南地块南缘,从晚元古代到晚三叠世沉积了一套厚度巨大的海相碳酸盐岩,晚三叠世发育了一套硅质碎屑的浊流沉积,区域沉积也由此转化为河流相沉积。二叠纪和三叠纪碳酸盐岩地层记录了碳酸盐岩台地长期演化历史及其特征多样的沉积建造和沉积环境,而硅质碎屑流和构造沉降速率的变化反映了盆地在三叠纪期间经历的聚合构造和前陆盆地发展过程。在三叠纪时期扬子地台沿西南一北东方向从云南围绕南盘江盆地向贵州延伸,在南盘江盆地中发育了几个孤立的碳酸盐岩台地,包括位于贵州南部和广西境内的大贵州滩和崇左平果台地。南盘江盆地在晚二叠世发生过一次区域性的海侵事件,早三叠世时期扬子地台和几个孤立台地为由鲕粒边滩组成的低角度斜坡,中三叠世（安尼期）变为由Tubiphytes边礁组成的陡倾斜坡。盆地范围内斜坡变陡激发了Tubiphytes礁和其它的生物体发育,而且它们组成了稳定碳酸盐岩台地的边缘。位于扬子地台西部地区的关林和贞丰一带与最北部的孤立台地（大贵州滩）在安尼期发育了陡倾的边礁。在拉丁期,扬子地台在关林一带进积并与盆地碎屑沉积互层穿插沉积,而位于贞丰的台地边缘出现了由断层控制的地貌特征。与此同时,扬子地 相似文献
3.
上扬子海洋经历奥陶纪冰期之后,早志留世气温回暖,生物大量繁殖,上扬子地台石牛栏组(埃隆期)发育一定规模的珊瑚—层孔虫礁,生物礁为一些规模较小的点礁。在大量野外地质观察的基础上,综合利用镜下薄片鉴定、碳氧同位素及元素分析等方法,对早志留世上扬子海洋生物礁的发育过程进行系统研究。研究表明,该生物礁主要发育于石牛栏组中上段,造礁生物主要为珊瑚和层孔虫,附礁生物为苔藓虫、腕足类、头足类、藻类、海百合及双壳类等,主要发育于碳酸盐缓坡地带,经历了4个演化阶段,分别为定殖期、拓殖期、泛殖期和衰亡期,自下而上泥质及砂质含量逐渐减少,灰质成分和生物种类逐渐增多。在加里东构造运动的影响下,石牛栏组生物礁的生长频频受到外来物源搅动、海平面升降、海水温度及盐度的影响,这些因素共同制约着石牛栏组生物礁的生长特征、演化、延伸规模及大小。全球同期生物礁对比表明,早志留世埃隆期生物礁发育具有全球性,主要发育于气候温暖(20~28℃)的南北纬25°~30°碳酸盐台地边缘上,主要分布在劳伦古陆、西伯利亚古陆和哈萨克斯坦板块等地区,但与上扬子海洋早志留世生物礁在发育特征、演化、延伸规模及大小都有较大的差异。 相似文献
4.
通过对华南泥盆纪生物礁现有资料和作者获得的实际材料的分析研究,编制了华南早、中、晚泥
盆世生物礁分布图。华南泥盆纪生物礁最早出现在埃姆斯晚期,分布层位由西南向北东逐渐上升。华南泥盆纪
生物礁分布和演化具有 3方面的特征：(1)不同类型生物礁演化差异很大：浅水礁变化最大,台缘礁变化次之,
深水礁几乎没有变化;(2)主要造礁生物随时间演替明显：床板珊瑚 （ 埃姆斯期）→床板珊瑚、四射珊瑚和层
孔虫 （ 艾菲尔期）→层孔虫和四射珊瑚 （ 吉维特期）→层孔虫 （ 弗拉期）→菌藻类 （ 法门期） ;(3)生物礁数
量和规模在吉维特期出现峰值。研究表明：华南泥盆纪生物礁的发育受区域和全球性因素的共同制约,其中温
度、大气中 CO2 分压 （ PCO2）和植被-森林生态系等全球性因素对华南泥盆纪生物礁有重要影响。 相似文献
5.
大地构造对上扬子区志留纪生物礁分布及发育的控制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据上扬子板块的基底特征，及板块边缘特征等不同大地构造单元演化特征入手，分别对上扬子板块基底地貌、板块边缘构造及板内不同构造单元控制志留纪古沉积环境及生物礁发育演化进行了论述。在上扬子板块的北缘（南秦岭构造带），为被动大陆边缘，沉积环境适于生物礁发育，类型较多。而板块西缘（金沙江构造带）为主动大陆边缘，在岛弧区发育部分点礁以及生物层；板块内部受古隆起影响的地区（川西北、川东南、黔北），形成缓坡沉积环境，在浅缓坡区生物礁十分发育，类型众多；但是板内深断裂（龙门山，二郎山-攀西裂谷带）边缘生物礁不甚发育，仅见生物层-小型点礁组合。志留纪时，上扬子板块受全球海平面变化的影响明显，至Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋ期后，大部分地区因海平面下降而无沉积。但是在板块边缘凹陷区，因区域构造的影响，全球海平面波动对其影响不大，Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋ期后继续接受沉积且发育生物礁。 相似文献
6.
桂林地区中、晚泥盆世从吉微特期到法门期都有不同的礁、滩发育，而且在不同时期造礁生物的面貌有所不同。晚泥盆世藻类的崛起取代了层孔虫和珊瑚的位置，成为造礁的主要角色。但在桂林以西５公里处的侯山，其沉积相位置为桂林台地的西北台缘，除发育藻－层孔虫礁外，还发育了层状的珊瑚礁体，这在晚泥盆世地层中还极为少见。这种礁体由原地生长的丛状珊瑚体构成，以Ｓｍｉｔｈｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｇｕｉｌｉ－ｎｅｎｓｅ为主，其生长高度可达一米多，分异度低，其它的造礁生物主要是一些藻类和少量层孔虫，附礁生物以腕足类为主。纵向上礁序列由以下几种微相组成:（１）隐藻泥晶灰岩；（２）藻砂屑灰岩；（３）斑马构造隐藻泥晶灰岩；（４）珊瑚灰岩。横向上礁组合可识别出:（１）礁后亚相；（２）礁坪和礁缘亚相；（３）礁坡亚相。从礁体的生物组成，微相内容特征，成岩变化及横向上与周边环境的关系可以推测，其并非真正的台缘礁体，而是礁后外带靠近台缘的层状补丁礁。 相似文献
7.
8.
洪天求 《长春地质学院学报》1995,25(1):24-30,T001
德国泥盆纪的层孔虫十分繁盛，不同形态，不同规模的层孔虫礁体广泛发育于台地内部，台地边缘和深海盆地内的火山周围。块状层孔虫是主要的造礁生物，四射珊瑚也参与了造礁，但数量极少。礁区岩相分异业显，盆地相，礁前相，礁核相和礁后泻湖相清晰可辨。部分礁体，如布瑞降礁显示清楚的初殖，拓殖，繁殖和衰亡四个演化阶段。层孔虫礁的主要繁盛期为吉维特期－弗拉斯期。德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征类似于加拿大同时期的生物礁，但在 相似文献
9.
贵州紫云猫营泥盆系生物礁特征及其演化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
猫营生物礁，是在生物滩相碳酸盐岩基底上发展起来的、分布于孤立碳酸盐台地边缘的线状礁体。主要造礁生物为层孔虫及通孔珊瑚、灌木珊瑚。根据沉积构造及生物组合特征划分为生成与发展期、成熟期及消亡期三个演化阶段。 相似文献
10.
洪天求 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1995,(1)
德国泥盆纪的层孔虫十分繁盛，不同形态、不同规模的层孔虫礁体广泛发育于台地内部、台地边缘和深海盆地内的火山周日。块状层孔虫是主要的造礁生物，四射珊瑚也参与了造礁，但数量极少。礁区岩相分异明显，盆地相、礁前相、礁核相和礁后泻湖相清晰可辨。部分礁体，如布瑞隆环礁显示清楚的初殖、拓殖、繁殖和衰亡四个演化阶段。层孔虫礁的主要繁盛期为吉维特期－弗拉斯期。德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征类似于加拿大同时期的生物礁，但在德国泥盆纪的礁灰岩杂体内至今尚未发现有经济价值的石油和天然气。这可能与莱茵海西地槽复杂的地质发展史有关。 相似文献
11.
丘状隆起、链状相连的北东向带状堤礁是龙门山北段地区志留系宁强组的一个突出特点。详细的剖面研究和路线地质追踪表明：(1)狭长带状的堤礁夹持于南东侧杂色砂／泥质滨岸沉积带和北西侧陆架泥页岩带之间，指示了一个清晰的向西北渐深的古陆架形态和古海岸边缘轮廓；(2)丘状礁灰岩体、层状生物碎屑灰岩体与东南侧陆缘滨岸带的砂体及北西侧的陆架泥岩呈现明显的指状穿插和渐变过渡关系，代表了海平面、陆源碎屑输入量频繁变化背景下的沉积响应；(3)点状零星分布的礁灰岩体是在面状礁灰岩或生物碎屑灰岩层基础上发育起来的；(4)晚志留世，杂色砂／泥质滨岸沉积向北西进积并超覆于礁灰岩之上，并最终导致本区隆升成陆，则表明加里东构造运动末期发生的上扬子地块隆升、西北缘古陆扩展及海平面的相对下降趋势，是沉积盆地演变的主控因素。 相似文献
12.
This study examines the rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) concentrations of twenty-five samples from the reef outcrop exposed along the Lianglitage Mountain in the Ordovician, Tarim Basin in China. The concentration analysis provides constraints on the paleoenvironment during reef deposition. Based on the detailed sedimentology and petrographic work, we divide the reef facies into four sub-facies: the base facies, reef-core facies, reef-flank facies, and sealing facies. The geochemical data (such as major and trace elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes, and REYs) are further used to study the coeval seawater characteristics as well as potential diagenesis overprints. The result indicated that the diagenesis has little effect on the REY patterns of the reefal limestones. The REY concentrations of the reefal limestones are overall low (ranging from 3.69 to 19.60 ppm, arithmetic mean=10.22 ppm, SD=5.4). The PAAS-normalized REY patterns are consistently flat compared to the typical well-oxidized, shallow marine water patterns. However, the light REE (LREE) depletions, positive La anomalies, negative Ce anomalies and positive Y anomalies, suggest that these reefal limestones are likely an indicative of contemporaneous seawater REY signals. The seawater-like Y/Ho ratios (average at 37.51) further support that REY signals in these limestones are likely a reflection of seawater with little diagenetic modifications. The low Y/Ho ratios presented only in the reef-flank facies and sealing facies are likely a suggestion of detrital contamination. Hence, this study confirms that REY patterns of the limestones at the base facies and reef-core facies can record ancient seawater information, and reefs can be used as a potential geochemical proxy for paleoenvironment studies throughout the Earth’s history. 相似文献
13.
桂林地区中、晚泥盆世大量发育的碳酸盐岩构成了一个东西宽近４０ｋｍ、南北长近８０ｋｍ的浅海碳酸盐台地，其岩相变化复杂，生物群落丰富。本文论述了碳酸盐台地形成各阶段的岩相和生物相特征，阐明了影响碳酸盐台地形成的因素，认为从滨岸碎屑环境变为成熟碳酸盐台地中间阶段的沉积物──混积岩及滩（补丁礁）和滩间沉积物在碳酸盐台地形成过程中不可忽视。 相似文献
14.
Bogusław Kołodziej Daria Ivanova 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2021,132(2):158-169
The carbonate succession in the Lyalintsi section of the western Moesian Platform (western Bulgaria) displays a shallowing-upward trend. Growth of the Tithonian–Valanginian coral biostromes and low-relief bioherms was preceded by Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian sedimentation of fine-grained peloidal-bioclastic limestones and Saccocoma-bearing limestones on the homoclinal ramp and the carbonate platform slope. In the late Kimmeridgian, boundstones with very rare corals, but with easily recognisable biohermal morphology, were developed. The main components of this reef are encrusting microorganisms, microbial crusts and synsedimentary cements. Microencrusters Labes atramentosa, Crescentiella morronensis, Perturbatacrusta leini and Radiomura cautica, as well as thin crusts of calcified sponges (sclerosponges), are the main biotic components. Corals (almost exclusively microsolenids) are sparse, whereas photophilic microencrusters (e.g., “Lithocodium–Bacinella”), are absent, although they are common in the overlying shallow-water part of the Lyalintsi sequence. Microbialites and synsedimentary cements provided additional support for the reef framework. The framework, especially the biotic components, and the reefal facies position within the sedimentary succession, implies that the high-energy upper slope of the carbonate platform was the depositional setting of the microencruster-microbial-cement reef studied. Encrusting microorganisms, except for C. morronensis and sponges, are only known from the intra-Tethyan platforms. This study supports conclusion of studies of coeval Alpine reefs that the presence of the microencruster-microbial-cement framework provides insight into the palaeobathymetry, palaeogeography and tectonic configuration of the intra-Tethyan carbonate platforms. 相似文献
15.
2012年底在云南省泸西县东山镇地区中三叠统关岭组中发现大规模典型台地边缘鲕粒浅滩和生物礁,同时在向阳乡方摆村附近发现典型台地前缘斜坡相泥晶灰岩,滑塌构造发育.台缘生物礁垂向3分结构明显,礁基为浅滩相鲕粒灰岩、豆粒灰岩;礁核为粘结海绵-水螅骨架岩,蓝绿藻粘结结构和亮晶栉壳状胶结结构发育;礁盖为台缘斜坡相深灰色薄层泥晶灰岩和泥质灰岩.生物礁横向展布也具有3个明显特征:礁后为碳酸盐台地相灰岩,礁核为粘结海绵-水螅骨架岩,礁前为台缘斜坡相薄层灰岩和泥岩,局部发育滑塌构造和滑塌角砾岩.该发现可为滇东南地区继续寻找油气资源开辟新的勘探方向. 相似文献
16.
Devonian reef complexes were well developed in Western Australia and South China, but no detailed direct comparison has been made between reef building in the two regions. The regions differ in several respects, including tectonic, stratigraphic and palaeoceanographic–palaeogeographic settings, and the reef building styles reflect minor differences in reef builders and reef facies. Similarities and differences between the two reef complexes provide insights into the characteristics of platform margins, reef facies and microbial carbonates of both regions. Here we present a comparison of platform margin types from different stratigraphic positions in the Late Devonian reef complex of the Canning Basin, Western Australia and Middle and Late Devonian margin to marginal slope successions in Guilin, South China. Comparisons are integrated into a review of the reefal stratigraphy of both regions. Reef facies, reef complex architecture, temporal reef builder associations, 2nd order stratigraphy and platform cyclicity in the two regions were generally similar where the successions overlap temporally. However, carbonate deposition began earlier in South China. Carbonate complexes were also more widespread in South China and represent a thicker succession overall. Platforms in the Canning Basin grew directly on Precambrian crystalline basement or early Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, but in South China, carbonate complexes developed conformably on older Devonian siliciclastic strata. Pre-Frasnian reef facies in South China had more abundant skeletal frameworks than in Canning Basin reefs of equivalent age, and Famennian shoaling margins containing various microbial reefs may have been more common and probably more diverse in South China. However, Late Devonian platform margin types have been documented more completely in the Canning Basin. Deep intra-platform troughs (deep depressions containing non-carbonate pelagic sediments — Nandan-type successions) that developed along syndepositional faults characterize Devonian carbonate platforms in South China, but have no equivalent on the Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin where inter-reef areas were more shallow. The South China platform-to-depression pattern was generally continuous from the Lower to Upper Devonian, indicating that many pre-Devonian tectonic features continued to exercise considerable effect through deposition. Localized, fault-controlled subsidence was an important factor in both regions, but similarities in 2nd order aggradation–progradation cycles suggest that eustasy was also an important control on the larger scale stratigraphic development of both regions. 相似文献
17.
四川会理 会东及邻区中元古界昆阳群 ,由下而上可分为力马河组、凤山营组和天宝山组 ,与古元古界河口群为不整合接触 ,其代表年龄值为 1 70 0± 1 0 0Ma～ 1 2 0 0± 1 0 0Ma。对这套地层的沉积学研究 ,前人涉及甚少。笔者在野外考察和室内分析的基础上 ,对其沉积相和沉积环境进行了详细的研究。初步认为研究区的中元古界昆阳群可分为 7种沉积相 ,进而探讨了该区的沉积演化历史。 相似文献
18.
土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶储层特征及控制因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土库曼斯坦东北部的阿姆河盆地,是中亚地区最重要的含油气盆地之一。根据钻井岩芯和分析化验资料,确定阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶为碳酸盐台地相沉积,具有特征的前缘缓斜坡沉积模式,可划分为蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、前缘缓斜坡和盆地6个相带。其中台内、台地边缘和前缘缓斜坡为储层发育相带,尤以发育于台地边缘、开阔台地和前缘缓斜坡相带中的礁、滩微相最有利于储层发育。沉积微相和岩性对储层类型及物性有直接控制,特点为高能环境条件下沉积的块状礁灰岩和中-厚层状滩相颗粒灰岩以发育原生孔隙保存良好的孔隙型和裂缝-孔隙型储层为主,而较低能环境条件下沉积的(含)颗粒微晶灰岩、隐藻灰岩和泥-微晶灰岩以发育基质岩物性很差的裂缝型储层为主。通过综合分析,认为储层发育受沉积微相、岩性和成岩作用复合控制,以各相带内的礁、滩微相灰岩为高效勘探开发目标的"甜心"位置。 相似文献
19.
Bilelyeri Group, Antalya Complex: deposition on a Mesozoic passive continental margin, south-west Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Bilelyeri Group comprises complexly deformed Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of continental-margin affinities (Kumluca Zone). These are structurally intercalated between a coeval carbonate platform to the west (Bey Daǧlari Zone) and late Triassic ophiolitic rocks and sediments, interpreted as emplaced marginal oceanic crust, to the east (Gödene Zone). Four formations erected in the Bilelyeri Group record the later stages of continental rifting and the progressive development of part of a Mesozoic passive continental margin. The two late Triassic formations, the Telekta? Tepe and the Hatipalani Formations, are dominated by terrigenous clastic and calcareous clastic sediments, including large detached blocks of reef limestone. These rocks were laid down by mostly mass-flow and turbidity-flow into steep-sided rift depressions. Organic reefs were constructed in bordering shallow seas while terrigenous clastic sediment was shed from exposed basement horsts. Thick sequences of mafic lavas were extruded (Norian) in axial parts of the rift zones, followed by a regional change to deposition of pelagic Halobia-bearing limestone. This culminated in a major hiatus involving large-scale sliding of shallow-water limestones into deeper water. The Jurassic to early Cretaceous Dereköy Formation mostly consists of siltstones, radiolarian cherts and mudstones, intercalated with redeposited limestones and black shales. During this time parts of the margin were bordered by major offshore carbonate complexes constructed partly on basement fragments previously rifted off the parent continental areas. Black shales and reduced hemipelagic sediments were deposited in an elongate trough between the main platform and an offshore complex to the east. Some degree of margin reactivation in the early Cretaceous is indicated by renewed deposition of turbiditic sandstone and chloritic clays in some distal sequences. Strong relative enrichment of manganese in some horizons is attributed to offshore volcanic exhalations. Subsequent regional subsidence in the mid-to late Cretaceous is suggested by a switch to predominantly calcareous, pelagic sedimentation on the adjacent platform and the offshore massifs as well as on the Bilelyeri margin. Tectonic disruption of the platform edge during the late Cretaceous is implied by major redeposition of shallow-water shelf limestones in proximal Bilelyeri sequences. The Bilelyeri margin and the adjacent Gödene Zone were tectonically deformed in latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary time and were thrust over the adjacent Bey Daǧlari platform in the early Miocene. Viewed in an East Mediterranean perspective, the Bilelyeri sequences were part of a locally north-south trending segment of a regionally east-west margin to a substantial oceanic area further south. This segment apparently suffered significant strike-slip deformation both during its construction and its later emplacement. Instructive comparisons can be made with other areas of the East Mediterranean, especially south-west Cyprus. 相似文献