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1.
南海湖沉积物重金属形态分布及其对水质影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对包头市南海湖沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的形态、AVS和SEM、上覆水、上覆过滤水及沉积物间隙水重金属的系统分析，结合南海湖为黄河新成牛轭湖的特点，与黄河进行了对比，研究了重金属在固、液两相间的迁移转化规律，结果表明南海湖与黄河沉积物中重金属的残渣态非常接近，反映了沉积的同源性，Pb和Cd次生相则明显在南海湖发生富集，上覆水中重金属81.0%以上均结合在悬浮物上，南海湖水质长期Cu超标的现象是由沉积物的释放造成的，研究证明间隙水为重金属向上覆水迁移起到桥梁通道作用；有机络合物的络合作用超过AVS的沉淀作用，是导致Cu向水相扩散迁移的主导因子。 相似文献
2.
Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Xiujuan Yu Jing Su Fengyu Zan Guangchao Zhao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2275-2285
In this study, the equilibrium partitioning approach was used to derive the sediment quality criteria (SQC) recommended values of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn) for surface sediments taken from Lake Chaohu. The concentration of the heavy metal in the interstitial water (C IW) was determined by the film diffusion gradient technology to obtain the metal partitioning coefficient (K P). Moreover, the metal fractionation of the sediments were analyzed using European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction procedure and the partitioning of bound phases including total organic carbon (TOC), grain sizes and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) were also investigated. The values of K P for Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn were 3,924.84, 2,276.23, 17,811.30, 738.35, 10,986.54, 718.74, 5,875.34 and 341.20 L/kg, respectively. Sediment quality criteria were normalized on the basis of fine materials, AVS, TOC and the residual metals (M R). SQC values for Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn based on Chinese surface water quality criteria were derived with the values of 78.53, 56.95, 362.93, 74.68, 23.90, 71.84, 3,546.53 and 68.42 mg/kg, respectively. The suggested SQC values in this study were compared SQCs from different countries and areas, which indicated SQCs from different countries or regions appeared to have great discrepancies attributed to the difference of the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments. 相似文献
3.
太湖沉积物中重金属的测定及环境意义 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38
通过对太湖地区水域湖泊沉积物中重金属含量的抽样测试，描述了太湖水域重金属（Ag、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等）元素的污染状及其分布，结果表明：太湖沉积物中重金属含量北部明显高于东部，来自太湖北岸城镇和工业区的未处理工业及生活污水，对太湖北部水域造成的重金属污染程度远高于以养殖业为主的东太湖及湖心水域。 相似文献
4.
5.
Harry M. Edenborn 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(5):660-669
The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) pool in anoxic sediments is believed to play an important role in the sequestration of heavy metals, forming less soluble mineral sulfides via replacement and coprecipitation reactions. In this study, novel sediment gel probes containing immobilized FeS or MnS particles were evaluated for their ability to concentrate and detect reactive heavy metals in solution. MnS-containing gels were more effective than FeS gels at concentrating most metals in solution external to the gels, but they were more difficult to prepare and use. Copper reacted with FeS in gel probes to form one or more secondary sulfide minerals insoluble in 1 N HCl. The pixel density of digital images of these gels was highly correlated with the concentration of copper in gels and total copper in solution, suggesting a method for rapid screening of bioavailable heavy metals. Copper added to Youghiogheny River (PA, USA) sediments could be detected using this approach. 相似文献
6.
Water, soil, suspended load and biomass samples were collected from a sewage and sludge treated lake (Lake Dalavayi) around Mysore, Karnataka, India. The polluted lake water is mainly used for irrigation and domestic purposes. The samples have been analysed for heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, V, Zn, Sr) and cations (Ca, Na, Mg) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICP) model Labtam 8500. With the exception of water, all the matrices suspended particulate matter, lake bed sediment and biomass of the lake show high concentrations of heavy metals and cations when compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, indicating metal toxicity in this lake. Additional inputs of soaps and detergents carried by sewage water are causing the eutrophication of the lake. Elevated levels of heavy metal toxicity, especially Co and Cd, are indicated by the bioindicator Eichornia cressepes (water hyacinth), which, using these metals as micronutrients, has grown luxuriously over the lake water, further augmenting the death of lifeforms in the lake. 相似文献
7.
太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤的污染元素特征及环境变化效应 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38
太湖沉积物和湖岸土壤具有相似的物质组成，具有相同的物源，通过补给区的径流，营养元素和重金属元素随着土壤迁入湖泊，由于沉积物和土壤物化条件的不同，它们的营养元素和重金属含量有差异。土壤中氮，磷的总量和有效态均比沉积物中高，表明有一部分营养物质进入了水体；营养元素高的沉积物均靠近城镇，其原因为居民生活污水排放，土壤和沉积物中多数重金属元素尚未超过自然背景值，只有沉积物中Cd和Pb，土壤中的Cu,Cd和Hg超过，但沉积物中重金属元素大多比土壤中高，特别在北部沿岸沉积物中，重金属元素含量大大超过平均值，这种不正常的高值是由人类不合理的废水，废物敢排放引起。 相似文献
8.
通过多种仪器分析,测定了胶州湾李村河河口区4个沉积物柱状样品的有机碳（TOC）、酸可挥发硫化物(AVS)及重金属元素活性部分（活性金属）的含量,并系统讨论了其环境响应特征。研究发现,胶州湾李村河河口区三角洲沉积物中的有机碳、AVS和活性金属元素的分布受与河口的距离及沉积相带分布的影响。近河口细粒物质沉积区域的有机质受陆源控制,有机碳含量较高,AVS和活性金属元素含量高,活性铁的含量是AVS形成的主控因素,同时AVS也是多数活性金属元素在沉积物中的主要赋存形态。而离河口较远区域,有机碳含量受海、陆双向物源控制,AVS含量主要受控于有机质含量,两者含量均相对较低,活性金属元素含量也较低,多数金属元素（Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn等）主要以依附于铁的形态存在。根据上述沉积特点,将胶州湾李村河河口区沉积环境划分为3类区域5种类型,分别是一类区域中的水下分流河道和分流间湾,二类区域中的水下分流河道和分流间湾及三类区域中的前缘席状砂。 相似文献
9.
长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物AVS和SEM含量的空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带37个站位沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）和同时可提取态重金属（SEM）含量及其空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,SEM在37个站位沉积物中浓度范围为0．20～1．37μmol／g,平均值为0．74μmol／g;AVS的浓度范围为0．20—0．80μmol／g,平均值为0．23μmol／g;沉积物中AVS含量与总有机碳（TOC）和含水率呈显著正相关关系,而SEM分别与TOC和含水率呈显著正相关关系,与沉积物中值粒径呈显著负相关关系。依据SEM／AVS比值评价方法以及美国EPA（SEM—AVS）差值评价方法对沉积物中重金属的生物有效性的判断表明,除了B2站点无显著生物毒性外,吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物中重金属对水生生物均处于中等毒性水平。 相似文献
10.
武汉市墨水湖沉积物重金属污染特征与防治对策 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
武汉市墨水湖重金属污染严重,其污染特征在我国城市湖泊中具代表性。在对墨水湖不同湖区沉积物中重金属污染物空间分布特征进行分析的基础上,应用地积累指数法探讨不同重金属元素含量随深度变化的规律和原因,并对墨水湖沉积物中重金属的污染程度进行评价表明:墨水湖沉积物中重金属元素锌和汞污染最为严重,污染程度由高到低依次为:Zn>Hg>Cu>C r>Pb>A s;从整个湖区来看,分布有排污口的周边湖区污染严重,湖心污染程度较低;沉积物中主要重金属元素含量随深度增加而降低,其变化规律主要受污染状况的影响,沉积物颗粒粒径的变化和早期成岩作用的影响不大。为了改善墨水湖水质条件和重金属污染严重的现状,必须在截污、疏浚和引水工程等基本治理措施保护下,重建和恢复沉水植物系统,才能从根本上改善湖泊水质。 相似文献
11.
【研究目的】白洋淀为雄安新区核心生态功能区,为支撑白洋淀湿地生态修复与保护,系统开展了全淀区表层沉积物环境质量调查。【研究方法】在白洋淀湿地采集表层沉积物样品484组,查明了白洋淀表层沉积物重金属地球化学特征,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等多种方法开展了重金属生态风险评价。【研究结果】白洋淀表层沉积物重金属含量普遍偏高于河北省表层土壤重金属含量背景值,府河入淀口及白沟引河入淀口为重金属元素主要富集区,入淀河流输入为白洋淀重金属主要来源;环境地球化学综合评价结果为清洁无污染等级分布面积144.54 km2,占表层沉积物分布总面积的96.68%;各重金属污染程度由重到轻排序为Cd＞Cu＞Hg＞Pb＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞As,Cd元素污染程度等级以中度和偏中度为主,Cu元素以轻度和清洁为主,其他元素以清洁无污染为主;重金属潜在生态风险以轻度和中度为主,河流入淀口所在淀区重金属潜在生态风险高于其他淀区,潜在生态风险由高到低排序为南刘庄＞烧车淀＞小白洋淀＞王家寨＞藻苲淀＞捞王淀＞池鱼淀＞泛鱼淀。【结论】白洋淀表层沉积物环境质量总体较好,南刘庄等局部淀区存在重金属污染潜在生态风险,以Cd元素污染最为突出。创新点：采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法等多种方法,系统评价白洋淀湿地表层沉积物重金属污染程度和生态风险;重金属地球化学特征分析与主成分分析法相结合,揭示表层沉积物重金属污染主要来源为河流输入。 相似文献
12.
13.
Huan-Guang Deng Ju Zhang Dong-Qi Wang Zhen-Lou Chen Shi-Yuan Xu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(1):57-63
Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb concentrations of the sediment collected from three tidal flat sites of Yangtze estuary were investigated
in October 2003. Results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments were two to three times to
the environment background values of Yangtze estuary tidal flat sediment. The heavy metal concentrations in the sediments
near the Bailonggang (BLG) and Laogang (LG) sewage outfalls were obviously higher than those of Chaoyang (CY) tidal flat where
there are no sewage outfalls near the coast. And the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments of LG tidal flat
decreased with the increasing of the distance to the sewage outfalls. The heavy metal concentration profile in the sediment
core changed with the depth, and generally reached maximum values at the depth of plant roots. The assessment results showed
that the sediments of LG, BLG and CY tidal flat had been polluted by heavy metals in different level. The pollution degree
of heavy metals in the sediments was as follows: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr. The potential ecological risks of the four heavy metals
in three tidal flat sites sediment were all at a middle level, and Cu and Pb made the main contributions. The adverse ecological
effects caused by the four heavy metals did not occur frequently. 相似文献
14.
Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals of waters and sediments in the ten shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches
of the Yangtze River region were determined to identify their composition and spatial distribution, and to assess the extent
of their environmentally detrimental effects by comparison with water and sediment quality guidelines. Results indicated that
As and Pb were the main pollutants in lake waters and Mn and Hg the potential ones, while As, Cu and Pb were the main pollutants
in lake sediments. Their spatial distribution indicated that Daye Lake was seriously polluted by metals, which was corroborated
by cluster analysis. Higher concentrations of trace elements have been found in lakes downstream of the Yangtze River delta,
and higher concentrations of metals have been recorded in sediments of upstream lakes, suggesting that metals in water were
more sensitive to anthropogenic activities and that metals in sediment were mainly controlled by minerals. Correlation analyses
demonstrated that there were stronger associations among metals in lake sediments than those in lake waters, and their good
relationships suggested the common sources. Further research on the subject will help develop water quality management with
the aim of restoring shallow lakes in the Yangtze River. 相似文献
15.
洪泽湖流域沉积物重金属元素的环境记录分析* 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
以淮河中下游洪泽湖湖底沉积物为研究载体,将放射性核素计年与沉积物重金属元素含量变化分析相结合,初步探讨了近百年来洪泽湖湖底重金属元素变化特征及人类活动对湖泊环境的影响。结果表明: 20世纪50年代初以前,洪泽湖沉积物中重金属元素主要为自然沉积,元素含量具有一致的变化趋势; \{1950~\}1978年,特别是1952年后各元素含量开始小幅度上升, Pb,Zn,As等元素均出现较为明显的累积峰值。原因在于1953年洪泽湖下游三河闸水利工程的修建,使部分重金属重新溶出吸附,导致沉积物中重金属元素含量发生波动,另一方面也反映出当时洪泽湖已经受到流域重金属的污染; \{1979~\}1989年间, Hg元素含量开始逐渐增加上升,系自然来源、人类污染及生物累积效应的影响; \{1990~\}2001年,大规模城乡开发活动对环境污染影响加剧,所有重金属元素均呈现逐渐增加的趋势,尤其在表层达到最高值,此阶段Hg和Cd的上升幅度较大,Hg元素平均含量为0.21ppm,Cd元素平均含量2.36ppm,超过土壤环境质量重金属评价三级标准。洪泽湖水体中Hg元素含量的上升,Cd元素含量的严重超标及其引起的生态效应问题应引起高度重视。 相似文献
16.
The Hudson-Raritan Estuary is one of several United States coastal areas where chemical data have suggested a potential for contaminant-related biological effects, and multiyear intensive bioeffects surveys have been conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The severity and spatial patterns in sediment toxicity were determined in an estuary-wide survey during spring 1991 using amphipods, bivalve larvae, and luminescent bacteria as test organisms. Spatial patterns in toxicity corresponded to the distributions of a number of toxic chemicals in the sediments. Areas that exhibited the greatest sediment toxicity included the upper East River, Arthur Kill, Newark Bay, and Sandy Hook Bay. The lower Hudson River adjacent to Manhattan Island, upper New York Harbor, lower New York Harbor off Staten Island, and parts of western Raritan Bay generally showed lower toxicity. Supporting chemical analyses of the sediments, including acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously-extracted metals, suggested that metals were generally not the cause of the observed toxicity, with the possible exception of mercury. Among all contaminants analyzed, toxicity was most strongly associated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, which were substantially more concentrated in toxic samples than in nontoxic samples, and which frequently exceeded sediment quality criteria. 相似文献
17.
Pía Simonetti Sandra Elizabeth Botté Jorge Eduardo Marcovecchio 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(18):636
Intertidal sediments of the inner and middle zone from the Bahía Blanca estuary were sampled for geochemical and environmental assessment of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cr and Fe). Results indicate that both the organic matter content and the sediment grain size plays an important role in controlling the differential concentrations of the metals found in sediments from both zones. For most of the elements (except Mn), sediment metal concentrations were greater in the middle zone, although the concentrations did not exceed the maximums for quality of marine sediments. In this sense, anthropogenic impact (i.e., sewage drain) appears to be a key factor in the distribution of metals within the estuarine system. Comparing the levels obtained with quality levels (LEL and SEL), except Cu that showed levels slightly above the LEL, the rest of the concentrations of metals were lower to those levels. The low metal concentrations obtained within this highly impacted estuarine system suggest that the great volume of water that flooding the extensive flats in each tidal cycle has much importance. Although the potential risks of metals to the estuarine environment were low, taking into account the toxicity of some of these metals, continuity of monitoring is highly recommended. 相似文献
18.
S. Sevin engr Nicolas F. Spycher Timothy R. Ginn Rajesh K. Sani Brent Peyton 《Applied Geochemistry》2007,22(12):2569-2594
Decades of runoff from precious-metal mining operations in the Lake Coeur d’Alene Basin, Idaho, have left the sediments in this lake heavily enriched with toxic metals, most notably Zn, Pb and Cu, together with As. The bioavailability, fate and transport of these metals in the sediments are governed by complex biogeochemical processes. In particular, indigenous microbes are capable of catalyzing reactions that detoxify their environments, and thus constitute an important driving component in the biogeochemical cycling of these metals. Here, the development of a quantitative model to evaluate the transport and fate of Zn, Pb and Cu in Lake Coeur d’Alene sediments is reported. The current focus is on the investigation and understanding of local-scale processes, rather than the larger-scale dynamics of sedimentation and diagenesis, with particular emphasis on metal transport through reductive dissolution of Fe hydroxides. The model includes 1-D inorganic diffusive transport coupled to a biotic reaction network including consortium biodegradation kinetics with multiple terminal electron acceptors and syntrophic consortium biotransformation dynamics of redox front. The model captures the mobilization of metals initially sorbed onto hydrous ferric oxides, through bacterial reduction of Fe(III) near the top of the sediment column, coupled with the precipitation of metal sulfides at depth due to biogenic sulfide production. Key chemical reactions involve the dissolution of ferrihydrite and precipitation of siderite and Fe sulfide. The relative rates of these reactions play an important role in the evolution of the sediment pore-water chemistry, notably pH, and directly depend on the relative activity of Fe and SO4 reducers. The model captures fairly well the observed trends of increased alkalinity, sulfide, Fe and heavy metal concentrations below the sediment–water interface, together with decreasing terminal electron acceptor concentrations with depth, including the development of anoxic conditions within about a centimeter below the lake bottom. This effort provides insights on important biogeochemical processes affecting the cycling of metals in Lake Coeur d’Alene and similar metal-impacted lacustrine environments. 相似文献
19.
太湖沉积物微量元素特征和变化：自然与人类活动的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过对太湖沉积物微量元素的测定，分析了沉积物的元素含量特征及变化趋势，指出了重金属元素的分布特点。沉积物和岩石微量元素的上地壳标准化值显示，它们的曲线存在明显的区别，反映了物质在风化和沉积过程中不同的性质差异。重金属在太湖北部地区较高，在南部地区较低，特别是As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni。对照背景值，探讨了重金属元素的富集程度，并运用地累积指数评估了沉积物的污染程度。根据1987年和2000年的数据，计算了重金属的累积速率。最后，讨论了自然作用和人类活动对微量元素的影响。 相似文献
20.
Human Influence on Heavy Metal Distribution in the Upper Lake Nansi Sediments, Shandong Province, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Core and surface sediment samples were collected from three sub-lakes ( Lake Nanyang, Lake Dushan and Lake Zhaoyang) in the Lake Nansi Basin, Shandong Province. In order to reveal the characteristics of spatial and historical distribution of heavy metals in different sublakes of the Upper Lake Nansi, heavy metal (As, Cr, Cu, Hg, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, Ti and V) concentrations of sediment samples were investigated. Based on the activity of^137Cs in the sediments, the modem accumulation rate of Lake Nansi sediments is 3.5 mm/a. Our results show that the whole Upper Lake Nansi has been already polluted by heavy metals, among which Lake Nanyang has been polluted seriously by mercury, as well as by lead and arsenic, while Lake Dushan has been most seriously polluted by lead and arsenic. Historical variation of heavy metal (Cr, Cu, K, Ni, Zn, A1, Fe, Ti and V) concentrations shows an abrupt shift in 1962, resuiting in a division of two periods: from 1957 to 1962 when metal enrichment increased with time, and from 1962 to 2000 when it decreased with time, while that of some anthropogenic elements such as Hg, Pb and Mn tend to increase toward the surface. However, the variation trend of As in the sediments is different from that of Hg, Pb and Mn, with its maximum value appearing in 1982. Since 1982 the concentrations of As have decreased due to the forbidden use of arsenite pesticides. This variation trend revealed changes in manner of human activity (coal combustion, waste discharges from both industries and urban sewage ) within the catchment during different periods. 相似文献