共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
根据水位条件、施工工艺和防排水设计原则将隧道渗流计算围岩透水边界条件大致划分为4种类型,并分析了不同透水边界条件适应的施工工况。基于复变函数理论和保角映射方法,推导得出4种透水边界条件下隧道围岩内任一点孔隙水压力和隧道涌水量解析计算公式,通过与数值解的对比,印证了解析解的准确性。在此基础上,根据不同透水边界条件下隧道涌水量和围岩关键点孔隙水压力随埋深直径比（ ）的变化规律,分析了透水边界条件的变化对浅埋隧道和深埋隧道的影响,并探讨了浅埋水下隧道渗流计算中透水边界条件的选取。相关结论与认识对于隧道渗流计算和排水设计具有一定的指导作用和参考价值。 相似文献
2.
首先,基于考虑衬砌和注浆圈的解析解,利用MATLAB软件编制了计算与自动绘图程序,研究水头、隧道半径、围岩渗透特性与衬砌渗透系数和隧道涌水量、外水压力的相互关系;其次,基于FLAC3D软件平台,通过数值解与理论解的对比,验证了数值模拟方法在隧道渗流场中应用的正确性。在此基础上,结合青岛地铁典型区间隧道,分析了隧道开挖阶段以及运营期的渗流场,并研究了在不同注浆圈厚度以及注浆圈渗透系数下隧道注浆圈的涌水量和外水压力。结果表明,在隧道周围施作注浆圈的方法来减少隧道的涌水量是可行的。注浆圈厚度越大,其渗透系数越小,隧道涌水量就越小,而外水压力变化规律与涌水量恰恰相反。研究成果为地铁隧道衬砌的设计和注浆圈范围的初步确定提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
对于富水区深埋隧洞来说,外水压力是一项重要荷载,是隧洞设计及施工中需重点研究的问题,国内外已有众多学者对此展开研究,但对高外水作用下的隧洞围岩稳定及支护结构设计依然是个难题。本文采用考虑降雨入渗渗流场分析的有限单元方法,对锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞的外水压力进行了研究,提出富水区深埋隧洞渗流控制"以堵为主,堵排结合"。通过对围岩高压固结灌浆,封堵地下水,利用灌浆圈围岩和隧洞衬砌支护联合承载。 相似文献
4.
为了保护环境并尽可能降低衬砌结构所受的水压力,提出高水位山岭隧道应采取“以堵为主,限量排放”,即“堵水限排”的防排水设计原则。但对于堵水限排情况下衬砌结构的设计,目前尚没有规范可依,这是目前隧道设计施工亟待解决的问题。在隧道力学和渗流力学的基础上进行理论分析,研究渗流应力耦合作用下围岩的力学特性,利用特征曲线法分析了不同排放量下围岩与支护的相互作用,并与数值方法计算结果进行对比。计算结果表明：不同排水量下围岩特性曲线不同,支护阻力也不同,不同排水条件下围岩有效切向应力和有效径向应力的变化很明显,排水对围岩应力以及支护体系受力的影响是不容忽视的。另外,传统隧道设计方法在全排水时完全不考虑水的作用是不安全的。所得结论可为堵水限排衬砌结构设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
依托垫江至邻水高速公路铜锣山及明月山隧道,对公路隧道二次衬砌受力分担比例进行研究。通过围岩压力实测值与普氏理论、太沙基理论和公路隧道设计规范深埋围岩压力公式计算值进行对比,结果表明: Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级围岩压力计算值比较符合实测情况。通过对围岩压力、初期支护与二次衬砌的接触压力现场量测数据进行分析,得出Ⅲ级( 深埋) 、Ⅳ级( 深埋) 、Ⅴ级( 深埋) 和Ⅴ 级( 浅埋) 围岩二次衬砌受力分担比例分别为29. 20%、35. 28%、41. 38% 及32. 17%。研究成果对于公路隧道结构设计有着理论指导作用。 相似文献
6.
随着控制排放的隧道防排水技术的广泛应用,外水压力作用下隧道衬砌的一些设计技术问题也愈发突出。基于对外水压力下隧道衬砌的力学响应分析,以龙潭隧道和白云隧道为依托,通过数值仿真,研究了公路隧道抗水压衬砌的结构优化对策。研究结果表明：由于外水压力的作用,衬砌的边墙、仰拱隅角和仰拱处存在明显的应（内）力集中和突变现象,安全度大大降低;通过引入下半断面矢跨比的新概念,从技术和经济的双重角度,指出增大该指标是抗水压衬砌结构优化的首要对策;可依次或组合采用通过增大仰拱隅角处半径、减小仰拱处半径、增大仰拱拱圈厚度、增大衬砌全断面厚度等措施来作为抗水压衬砌的结构优化对策。 相似文献
7.
针对深埋岩溶隧道衬砌外水压力展开研究,根据隧道排水量和衬砌水压力模型的理论推导,结合试验进行分析。结果表明,衬砌上水压在采取排水措施后随排水量的增加而减小;但是当注浆材料渗透系数降低到1.65×10-6 m/s、注浆厚度到55 cm后,衬砌上水压随注浆范围的增大变化已经不太明显,说明注浆半径的选取有一个合理范围。注浆圈可以起到控制排水的作用,当给定了隧道某一段的合理排放量以后,就可以确定注浆的范围和注浆水平。 相似文献
8.
与山岭隧道所不同,采用矿山法修建水底隧道,二次衬砌将承受很大外水压力,特别是穿越饱水破碎地层时,具有很大的施工风险。以厦门翔安海底隧道为工程背景,针对F4风化深槽地层,研究不同水位条件下,衬砌荷载与排放流量及排放方式之间相关关系。研究得出：当控制排放量为全排条件流量1/3左右时,可卸掉80%外水压力;从环境和经济角度考虑,可将出现拐点折减系数0.2作为水底隧道限量排放的设计基准值;从支护结构体系组成考虑,对于F4强风化深槽破碎围岩,必须施作注浆圈,才可以保证在水压、土压共同作用下衬砌结构安全,结果显示施作注浆圈能够减少衬砌作用荷载30%～40%,提高安全系数几乎一倍;从主体结构受力特征看,水底隧道最不利受力位置在墙脚和仰拱,因此,无论是防水型还是排水型隧道,均应对仰拱形式及支护参数加强设计。 相似文献
9.
外水压力是地下工程衬砌计算中的基本荷载之一。当洞室埋藏较深,地下水位较高、衬砌不考虑排水时,外水压力往往成为控制衬砌结构的主要荷载;特别是钢板衬砌,显得更为突出。某水电站引水隧洞 相似文献
10.
外水压力是隧洞衬砌承受的主要荷载之一,也是控制其建设与运行或检修过程中衬砌结构安全的关键因素。目前外水压力的取值仍然以经验公式为主,存在很大的局限性和不准确性。首先分析对比了衬砌外水压力的折减系数法、理论解析方法和数值分析方法几种取值方法,然后进行了不同渗透环境和衬砌支护条件下的衬砌外水压力计算。结果表明,随着围岩渗透性和衬砌厚度的增大,衬砌外表面的水压力越大;对于渗流数值计算,模型范围应取距离隧洞中心不小于30倍洞径;考虑渗流场的时间效应,开挖完成10 d后隧洞的渗流场趋于稳定,衬砌支护20 d后衬砌外侧水压力分布趋于稳定。 相似文献
11.
在边坡稳定性评价模型中可将地下水的水压力总分为静水压力和动水压力。建立考虑水压力的剩余推力法边坡稳定性力学分析模型。推导了利用已知两点地下水位求解其间任一点地下水位和含水层厚度的求解公式。将地下水位和滑面的抗剪强度指标作为随机变量,利用已有数据求其分布特征,提出基于Monte-Carlo法与剩余推力法的边坡可靠性分析方法,并对某公路边坡进行可靠性分析。计算结果表明地下水位的变化与边坡失效概率的变化成正相关关系。在地下水位变化较大的7、8、9月,将地下水位作为随机变量计算得到的边坡失效概率为60%左右,而将地下水位作为确定量计算的边坡失效概率为10%~30%;在地下水位变化不大的其它月份,二者差别不大,但前者总大于后者。 相似文献
12.
富春江顶管工程为例,介绍了一种可快速拆卸的用于深埋顶管隧道对管节局部破损进行修复的装置。装置结构简单、紧凑,易于在圆形截面的隧道中进行快速拼装。该装置最高耐水压力0.8 MPa,可对地下水位以下30~80 m顶管隧道中出现沿轴线长＜0.4 m环状破损的管节进行注浆修复。这种设计能够有效解决深埋顶管隧道小面积局部破损、小范围漏水涌砂等问题,为深埋顶管等方法构筑的圆形隧道提供应急修复保障。 相似文献
13.
含铁地下水形成于中偏酸性的还原性水文地球化学环境中,人为活动也可引发含铁水的出现。含铁水进入水井附近后,有沉淀析出铁矿物从而堵塞水井附近含水层和滤水管的危险,也因为其偏低的ＰＨ值和可能含有硫化物而对金属水井管材具有腐蚀作用。防治含铁水对水井破坏作用的根本方法是采取改善地下水水质的现场处理技术。 相似文献
14.
我国北方煤田上覆地下水系统含水层以砂岩为主,是矿井主要充水水源。除浅部、露头区外,上覆砂岩地下水系统总体上构成非径流型蓄水构造,弹性贮存是其地下水主要赋存状态,压力传导、局部渗流为地下水动力学模式,矿井涌水主要为承压含水层弹性释放。非充填开采,煤层上覆地层周期性冒裂形成冒裂二元结构体,其自身释水(弹性、重力)与其外侧含水层断面弹性释水叠加形成矿井涌水。冒裂二元结构体释水随冒裂周期发生,时间短暂。外侧含水层断面释水可用非稳定流定降深沟(渠)流方程描述,进而获得外侧含水层断面释水单宽流量。外侧含水层释水断面随冒裂周期性延展累积,迭代更新,矿井涌水流量随之变化。在研究、刻画外侧含水层释水断面延展、迭代时空规律基础上,给出含水层断面释水流量预测方法、公式,与冒裂二元结构体自身周期性释水流量叠加,获新的矿井涌水量预测方法—非稳定释水-断面流法。 相似文献
15.
A series of environmentalegeological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep
groundwater (i.e., confined aquifer water) in the North China Plain. In order to better understand the status
of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the resultant environmentalegeological problems on a regional
scale, the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed by way of the groundwater exploitation
potential coefficient (i.e., the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation),
cumulative land subsidence, and long-term average lowering rate of the groundwater table. There is a good
correlation among the results calculated by the different methods. On a regional scale, deep groundwater
has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current conditions. The
groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for the calculations,
so the results mainly reflect the degree of current groundwater exploitation. The results of over-exploitation
of deep groundwater obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average rate of depression of the water
table mainly reflect environmentalegeological problems caused by exploitation of deep groundwater. 相似文献
16.
Tunneling is often unpopular with local residents and environmentalists, and can cause aquifer damage. Tunnel sealing is sometimes used to avoid groundwater leakage into the tunnel, thereby mitigating the damage. Due to the high cost of sealing operations, a detailed hydrogeological investigation should be conducted as part of the tunneling project to determine the impact of sealing, and groundwater modeling is an accurate method that can aid decision-making. Groundwater-level drawdown induced by the construction of the Headrace water-conveyance tunnel in Sri Lanka dried up 456 wells. Due to resulting socio-environmental problems, tunnel sealing was decided as a remedy solution. However, due to the expectation of significant delays and high costs of sealing, and because the water pressure in the tunnel may prevent groundwater seepage into the tunnel during operation, there was another (counter) decision that the tunnel could remain unsealed. This paper describes groundwater modeling carried out using MODFLOW to determine which option—sealed or unsealed tunnel—is more effective in groundwater level recovery. The Horizontal Flow Barrier and River packages of MODFLOW were used to simulate sealed and unsealed tunnels, respectively. The simulation results showed that only through tunnel sealing can the groundwater level be raised to preexisting levels after 18 years throughout the study area. If the tunnel remains unsealed, about 1 million m3/year of water conveyed by the tunnel will seep into the aquifer, reducing the operational capacity of the tunnel as a transport scheme. In conclusion, partial tunnel sealing in high-impact sections is recommended. 相似文献
17.
当土压平衡盾构穿越高水位地层（如穿越江河）时,地下水与土舱之间的高水压差会产生过大的渗透力,导致开挖面失稳。为了研究渗流条件下开挖面失稳问题,开发了一套隧道离心模型试验装置,主要包括刚性模型箱、模型盾构、开挖面伺服加载系统、水位控制系统、储水箱。针对饱和砂质粉土地层,开展了一系列不同水位高度的稳态渗流开挖面失稳模型试验。结果显示,开挖面失稳过程中随着开挖面位移的增加,有效支护压力迅速下降;在达到最小值 之后缓慢回升并趋于稳定;极限有效支护压力 与水头压力 呈线性关系。 相似文献
18.
The Biscayne Aquifer (Florida, USA) is a coastal, shallow, unconfined, and heterogeneous aquifer with high water tables, composed of less-permeable sand to highly permeable karstic limestone. These properties make the Biscayne Aquifer one of the world’s most productive groundwater resources. The aquifer’s high yield and non-Darcian flow cause challenges for estimating aquifer parameters, which are essential for understanding groundwater processes and managing and protecting the groundwater resources. Water-table fluctuations in the Biscayne Aquifer are associated with astronomical tidal forces and gate operations on canal water-control structures. Analysis of observed groundwater level fluctuations can provide an understanding of the connectivity between the aquifer, Biscayne Bay, and the water level in the canals. Further, groundwater level fluctuations can be used for aquifer parameter estimation. In this research, observed ocean water levels measured at tidal stations and groundwater levels are fitted to Jacob’s analytical solution, where the amplitude of the groundwater head fluctuation decreases exponentially, and the time lag increases with distance from the shore. Observed groundwater levels were obtained from monitoring wells along the Miami-Dade shore and the barrier island of Miami Beach. Results indicate that Jacob’s solution is effective for aquifer parameter estimation in Miami Beach, where monitoring wells are closer to the shore. Estimated hydraulic conductivity appears to increase by four orders of magnitude to approximately 1 m s–1 as the distance from shore increases. Constructing monitoring wells closer to the shore in Miami-Dade County and elsewhere would permit improved aquifer parameter estimation and support enhanced groundwater modeling efforts. 相似文献
19.
The impact of a railway tunnel on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy) was demonstrated and characterised by multi-tracer tests and hydrological observations. The 15-km-long Firenzuola tunnel crosses turbidite marls and sandstones previously not considered as aquifers. During the drilling, water inrushes occurred at fracture zones, and the tunnel still continues to drain the aquifer. The water table dropped below the level of the valleys, and gaining streams transformed into losing streams or ran completely dry, as did many springs, causing severe damage to the aquatic fauna and other elements of the ecosystem. Two multi-tracer tests, each using uranine and sulforhodamine G, were carried out in two impacted catchments in order to confirm and quantify the stream–aquifer–tunnel interrelations. The results proved connection between losing streams and numerous water inlets in the tunnel, with maximum linear distances of 1.4 km and velocities up to 135 m/d. Several of the demonstrated flowpaths pass under previous groundwater divides (mountain ridges), proving that the tunnel has completely modified the regional flow system. Water balance estimations demonstrate that the observed water losses cannot be explained by climate change but can largely be attributed to the tunnel drainage. 相似文献
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