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1.
Most of the studied Early Phanerozoic rocks of West Mongolia have undergone repeated remagnetization. Secondary magnetization components with normal and reversed polarity are isolated. The magnetization components with normal polarity are associated with the Mesozoic remagnetization of the rocks. The components with reversed polarity were probably formed during the Carboniferous–Permian superchron of reversed polarity. The analysis of the distribution of the reversed-polarity magnetization component in the structure of Mongolia permits some zonation. Within Mongolia, the regions with insignificant post- Permian deformations and complicated post-Permian deformations are identified; also the area of rotations of large geological blocks about the horizontal axis (Khan-Khukhei Ridge) is distinguished. It is hypothesized that in the Ordovician rocks of West Mongolia, the magnetization component that is close to primary was identified. If this is the case, the paleolatitude calculated from this magnetization direction corresponds to the interval 14°–17°–20° (minimal–mean–maximal) of probably northern latitude  相似文献   

2.
Continous marine sedimentation characterizes many Late Permian to Early Triassic sections on the Yangtze terrane in South China. The Permo-Triassic (P/Tr) boundary section at Shangsi (Sichuan Province) consists of limestones intercalated with clays and mudstones which belong to the Wuchiapingian and Changxingian (Upper Permian) and the Griesbachian and Dienerian (Lower Triassic) stages. The P/Tr boundary is formed by a clay horizon with an unusually high iridium concentration. The intensity of natural remanent magnetization is very low with a mean of 0.15 mA m−1. About 40% of the samples contain secondary or unstable magnetization components only, whereas the remaining samples carry a characteristic remanent magnetization thought to reflect the polarity of the geomagnetic field during deposition with sufficient accuracy. Normal and reversed polarity of the characteristic magnetization constitute a pattern of at least six polarity zones, the P/Tr boundary being situated very close to the transition from a reversed to a normal polarity zone. The Shangsi polarity sequence represents part of the Illawarra interval of mixed polarity, the exact beginning of which has still to be determined.  相似文献   

3.
New paleomagnetic data from shallow-marine sediments of the Ichishi Group suggest a clockwise tectonic rotation of Southwest Japan in the Middle Miocene. Samples have been collected from mud or tuff layers at 17 sites. Stability of remanent magnetization has been examined by using alternating field and thermal demagnetization. The polarity sequence, composed of four normal and seven reversed polarity sites, is correlated to Polarity Epoch 16 (15.2–17.6 Ma), based on micropaleontological assignment of the upper Ichishi Group to Blow's Zone N8. The mean paleomagnetic direction of the 11 sites shows an anomalous declination toward the northeast. This result suggests that Southwest Japan was subjected to a clockwise rotation through 45° since 16 Ma. The clockwise rotation can be explained by the drift of Southwest Japan associated with the spreading of the Japan Sea during the Middle Miocene.  相似文献   

4.
Paleomagnetic records of the Gauss-Matuyama reversal were obtained from two loess sections at Baoji on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Stepwise thermal demagnetization shows two obvious magnetization components. A low-temperature component isolated between 100 and 200–250°C is close to the present geomagnetic field direction, and a high-temperature component isolated above 200–250°C reveals clearly normal, reversed, and transitional polarities. Magnetostratigraphic results of both sections indicated that the Gauss-Matuyama reversal consists of a high-frequency polarity fluctuation zone, but the characteristic remanent magnetization directions during the reversal are clearly inconsistent. Rock magnetic experiments demonstrated that for all the specimens with normal, reversed, and transitional polarities magnetite and hematite are the main magnetic carriers. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility indicates that the studied loess sediments have a primary sedimentary fabric. Based on virtual geomagnetic pole latitudes, the Gauss-Matuyama reversal records in the two sections are accompanied by 14 short-lived geomagnetic episodes (15 rapid polarity swings) and 12 short-lived geomagnetic episodes (13 rapid polarity swings), respectively. Our new records, together with previous ones from lacustrine, marine, and aeolian deposits, suggest that high-frequency polarity swings coexist with the Gauss-Matuyama reversal, and that the Gauss-Matuyama reversal may have taken more than 11 kyr to complete. However, we need more detailed analyses of sections across polarity swings during reversals as well as more high-resolution reversal records to understand geomagnetic behavior and inconsistent characteristic remanent magnetization directions during polarity reversals.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
Marine magnetic anomalies 33 and 34, corresponding to the first two reversals following the long normal polarity interval in the Cretaceous, are anomalously skewed by 30° to 40° throughout the North and South Atlantic. This phenomenon is most likely related to some aspect of the dipole paleomagnetic field. Specifically the magnetic field at the time of anomalies 33 and 34 appears to be characterized by the following: the dipole field gradually decreases in average intensity between reversals and/or there is an increase in the frequency or duration of undetected short polarity events toward the end of long periods (>106 years) of predominantly one polarity. Such long-period trends in the field are in conflict with the popular model for the generation of the earth's magnetic field that treats reversals as a Poisson process and assumes that the core has no memory greater than about 104 years.  相似文献   

7.
We present new magnetostratigraphic results obtained from a well-dated Ordovician key section located along the Angara River, near the terminus of the Rozhkova River (southern Siberian platform). More than 220 samples were thermally demagnetized up to 670°C in order to isolate their characteristic ancient magnetization. Samples from the Arenig, the Llanvirn and the Llandeilo stages are all (but two) of reversed magnetic polarity. In contrast, samples dated of the Caradoc yield a sequence of several magnetic polarity intervals. These new data therefore confirm the occurrence of a long reversed magnetic polarity interval during the Ordovician, the so-called Moyero superchron, which ended during the middle or late Llandeilo.  相似文献   

8.
The behavior of the main magnetic field components during a polarity transition is investigated using the α2-dynamo model for magnetic field generation in a turbulent core. It is shown that rapid reversals of the dipole field occur when the helicity, a measure of correlation between turbulent velocity and vorticity, changes sign. Two classes of polarity transitions are possible. Within the first class, termed component reversals, the dipole field reverses but the toroidal field does not. Within the second class, termed full reversals, both dipole and toroidal fields reverse. Component reversals result from long term fluctuations in core helicity; full reversals result from short term fluctuations. A set of time-evolution equations are derived which govern the dipole field behavior during an idealized transition. Solutions to these equations exhibit transitions in which the dipole remains axial while its intensity decays rapidly toward zero, and is regenerated with reversed polarity. Assuming an electrical conductivity of 3 × 105 mho m?1 for the fluid core, the time interval required to complete the reversal process can be as short as 7500 years. This time scale is consistent with paleomagnetic observations of the duration of reversals. A possible explanation of the cause of reversals is proposed, in which the core's net helicity fluctuates in response to fluctuations in the level of turbulence produced by two competing energy sources—thermal convection and segregation of the inner core. Symmetry considerations indicate that, in each hemisphere, helicity generated by heat loss at the core-mantle boundary may have the opposite sign of helicity generated by energy release at the inner core boundary. Random variations in rates of energy release can cause the net helicity and the α-effect to change sign occasionally, provoking a field reversal. In this model, energy release by inner core formation tends to destabilize stationary dynamo action, causing polarity reversals.  相似文献   

9.
Paleomagnetic data from late Lower Jurassic sediments from Dorset, Gloucestershire and Yorkshire confirm the existence of at least one interval of reversed geomagnetic polarity in Upper Toarcian time (about 175 m.y. ago). The mean pole position calculated from these data lies at 50°N, 37°E, but the field represented by this pole is believed to have been non-axial because of its incompatibility with Mesozoic faunal, palaeoclimatic and palaeomagnetic evidence throughout western Europe.Unstable remanent magnetization found in a large number of samples of various lithologies is shown to have originated during drilling. It is tentatively identified as partial TRM acquired during dissipation of heat from the drill tip. Alternative causes such as superficial contamination and vibration do not explain the majority of the observations.  相似文献   

10.
A palaeomagnetic pole is established at 25.1°N 273.9°E (dp = 10.6°, dm = 14.3°) from the norite-charnockite complex at Angmagssalik, emplaced at 1800 Ma. A somewhat older palaeomagnetic pole at 4.2°S 246.7°E (dp = 4.2°, dm = 8.3°) is obtained from Archaean gneisses close to the northern boundary of the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt; reversals of magnetization are present here. Both magnetizations were imposed during slow cooling following the (late) Nagssugtoqidian metamorphism.In general the gneisses, dyke amphibolites and granite of the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt are unstably magnetized; their magnetization is attributable to the Earth's present field, and is often extremely weak.A pseudotachylyte within the Archaean gneisses has had a long cooling history. A fragment of the remanence reflects the magnetization characteristic of the Archaean gneisses, whereas most of the magnetization corresponds to a palaeomagnetic pole near that of the Angmagssalik complex. The pseudotachylyte is much older than its magnetizations.An apparent polar wander path is presented for Greenland at ca. 1750 Ma based on the above results and data from west Greenland.  相似文献   

11.
Palaeomagnetic investigation of basic intrusives in the Proterozoic Mount Isa Province yields three groups of directions of stable components of NRM after magnetic cleaning in fields up to 50 mT (1 mT= 10 Oe). The youngest group (IA) includes results from the Lakeview Dolerite, and yields a palaeomagnetic pole at 12°S, 124°E (A95 = 11°). The second group (IB) has a palaeomagnetic pole 53°S, 102°E (A95 = 11°). The third group (IC) is derived from the Lunch Creek Gabbro and contains normal and reversed polarities of magnetization with a palaeomagnetic pole at 63°S, 201°E (A95 = 9°). Some samples from the gabbro have anomalously low intensities of remanent magnetization in obscure directions attributed to the relative enhancement of the non-dipole component of the palaeomagnetic field during polarity reversal. The present attitude of the igneous lamination is probably of primary, not tectonic origin.  相似文献   

12.
In the British Tertiary igneous province one commonly observes reversed magnetizations with an abnormally large range of inclinations. Two of the Skye lava sequences which are of Early Eocene age have been chosen to investigate why this range of inclinations exists. Various laboratory studies of the natural remanence reveal a composite palaeomagnetic record. There are two axes of magnetization present: on steeply inclined (～ 75°) and one with an intermediate inclination (～35°). There is an excess of reversed polarity components in the bulk fossil remanence of most lavas and the inclination spread seems basically caused by superposition of these components. The experimental problem of splitting the polyphase magnetization into its separate sub-components is demonstrated by many examples. It is concluded that processes of low-temperature mineral alteration (which strongly overprints the high-temperature exsolution structures) and remagnetization must have been active for a minimum time span of 20 m.y. after the original cooling of the lavas, involving both polarity inversions and a major geomagnetic axis shift in mid-Tertiary times. As a conseqence, the original TRM has probably been erased to a major extent and replaced by CRM's in subsequent times. The polar estimate based on the shallow magnetization group agree well with suggested Lower Tertiary palaeopoles from Northern Ireland and from the Faeroe Irelands. The multivectoral nature of the remanent magnetization in the Skye lavas signifies that even for geologically very young rocks it is necessary to employ much more rigorous analysis techniques than are currently being used in many palaeomagnetic laboratories.  相似文献   

13.
The characteristic magnetization of redbed samples from the upper part of the Série d'Abadla (probably Early Permian 31°N, 2.7°W) has a mean direction derived from 13 sites of D=129°, I=11°, k=59, α95=6° and a corresponding south paleopole at 29°S, 60°E, A95=5°. All directions have reversed polarity. The paleolatitude of the northern fringe of the Saharan craton was 6°±3°S, which is in excellent agreement with that for the Moroccan Meseta. Therefore, in all probability, there has been no paleolatitudinal displacement greater than about 500 km of the Moroccan Meseta relative to Africa since Permian time. Comparison of results from sedimentary rocks shows no evidence for relative rotation of the Moroccan Meseta since Permian time. Small apparent rotations are indicated by evidence from massive trachyandesite lavas from Morocco, but we argue that these could have arisen from the incomplete averaging of secular variation and uncertainties in estimates of paleohorizontal, rather than from true tectonic rotations. The combined latest Carboniferous/Early Permian paleopole for the Saharan craton and the Meseta differs form the path of apparent polar wandering for North America when the continents are assembled in Wegener's Pangea (Pangea A, in which northwest Africa is opposite North America). It is in reasonable agreement when the continents are assembled in the Pangea B configuration (northwest Africa opposite Europe).  相似文献   

14.
The results of remanent magnetic studies on eight of the nine Deccan Trap flows in the vicinity of Sagar (23°56′ N: 78°38′ E) are presented. It is found that the lower four flows in the sequence are of ‘reversed’ magnetic polarity. Of the upper four flows, the top and the bottom ones show ‘intermediate’ directions while the two flows sandwiched between these are ‘normal’. These results suggest a transitional stage between the polarity inversion of the geomagnetic field from ‘reversed’ to ‘normal’ during the eruption of these Deccan Trap flows. The remanent magnetic directions of these ‘reversed’ and ‘normal’ flows show fairly shallow inclinations and are comparable to the remanent magnetic directions of the Pavagarh basalts.  相似文献   

15.
Two coeval sections of red to white ammonite-rich pelagic limestones spanning the complete Kimmeridgian and most of the Tithonian were sampled in detail. All samples were treated by progressive thermal demagnetization to remove a present field overprint. Characteristic magnetization is carried primarily by magnetite. Polarity intervals are easily identified and correlate well between the two sections. The Tithonian polarity sequence can also be correlated to sections in northern Italy. The similarity between the polarity sequence and the M-sequence of marine magnetic anomalies, coupled with the precise biostratigraphic control, allows assignment of the following ages to the M-sequence: the Late/Early Tithonian boundary is correlated to the end of M-20, the Tithonian/Kimmeridgian boundary to the end of M-23, the Late/Early Kimmeridgian boundary to the latter part of M-24, and the Kimmeridgian/Oxfordian boundary within or slightly after M-25.The mean directions of characteristic magnetization have α95's less than 3° and demonstrate extensive differential block rotation within the Subbetic province. Paleolatitudes during the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian are in the range of 16–24°N.  相似文献   

16.
One of the reasons for performing paleomagnetic studies is to determine whether the geomagnetic field remains dipolar during a polarity transition. Data on 23 field reversals of Recent, Tertiary and Upper Mesozoic age are examined with regard to the longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of paleomagnetic poles during a polarity change. Both frequency distributions of the transitional pole positions are not random. The results suggest that some field reversals are characterized by the rotation of the dipole axis in the meridional plane and show that two preferential meridional bands of polarity transitions exist centered on planes through 40°E–140°W and 120°E–60°W respectively. The latitudinal distribution of transitional paleopoles shows that there is a decrease in the number of observed poles with decreasing latitude. This is interpreted as the result of an acceleration in the motion of the dipole axis when it approaches the equator. Comparison of transitional velocities and paleointensity magnitudes reveals that the dipole moment is very weak only for a short part of the transitional period when the paleopole position lies within the latitudes of 10°N and 10°S. The overall conclusion is that the geomagnetic field retains its dipolar character during polarity changes.  相似文献   

17.
Measurement of the remanent magnetization of samples of Jurassic oceanic red sediments recovered in the western Atlantic on Leg 11, site 105 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project yields quite different results, depending on the demagnetization processes used. Both the Jurassic section and the Berriasian-Valanginian part of the Lower Cretaceous were measured, but with less satisfactory results for the Lower Cretaceous. The natural remanent magnetization of the Jurassic section is almost entirely normal, with 44.6° inclinations (standard deviation = 13.9°) and is not changed by 1000 Oe alternating field (AF) demagnetization. Thermal demagnetization to temperatures of 630°C brings the inclination and polarity sequence in line with that expected for Oxfordian through Tithonian time at this site. The average inclination after thermal demagnetization is 22.1°, standard deviation = 12.1°, and the polarity pattern is one of frequently alternating polarity, much more similar to published reversal patterns for this time than the all normal results of AF demagnetization. The polarity pattern is not identical to the published ones as a result of insufficiently detailed sampling. Thermomagnetic and X-ray analyses were ambiguous, but suggest the presence of titanomagnetite, hematite, and possibly titanomaghemite and pyrrhotite. The primary remanence is carried by hematite.  相似文献   

18.
Magnetic anomalies over the continental shelf off the east coast of India (Orissa) suggest the presence of a highly magnetic rock type magnetized with an intensity of 900 nT in a direction, azimuth(A) = 150° and inclination(I) = +65°. This suggest the occurrence of igneous volcanic rocks which is confirmed from samples found below Tertiary sediments from a few boreholes in this region. The depth of this rock type as estimated from magnetic anomalies varies from approximately 1–2 km near the coast to 4–4.5 km towards the shelf margin. This direction of magnetization is the reverse of the reported direction of magnetization for the Rajmahal Traps of the Cretaceous period (100–110 m.y). A small strip of the body near the continental shelf margin appears, however, to possess normal magnetization suggesting the occurrence of normal and reversed polarities side by side, a characteristic typical for oceanic magnetic anomalies. The reversed polarity of the rocks on the continental shelf suggests that they correspond probably to the MO reversal (115 m.y.) on world magnetostratigraphic scale and provide a paleolatitude of 47°S for the land mass of India which agrees with the palaeoreconstruction of India and Antarctica. In this reconstruction, the Mahanadi Gondwana graben on the Indian subcontinent falls into line with the Lambert Rift in Antarctica, suggesting a probable common ancestry. The volcanic rocks on the continental shelf off the east coast of India might represent a missing link, that is, rocks formed between India and Antarctica at the time of the break-up of Gondwanaland. Satellite magnetic anomalies (MAGSAT) recorded over the Indian shield and interpreted in terms of variations in the Curie point geotherm provide a direction of magnetization which also places this continent close to Antarctica. As such MAGSAT anomalies recorded over eastern Antarctica are found compatible with those recorded over the Indian shield.  相似文献   

19.
Gauss-Matuyama极性转换期间地球磁场方向和强度变化特征   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
粒度分析和风化强度研究表明 ,黄土高原渭南阳郭剖面黄土层L33沉积期间成壤化作用相对较弱 .在此基础上 ,为研究极性转换期间地球磁场变化特征 ,本文对黄土层L33进行了详细的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究 ,其结果表明黄土层L33的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿 ,并以沉积剩磁为主 ;由逐步热退磁确定的特征剩磁 （ChRM ）揭示了G M（Gauss Matuyama）极性转换过程的持续时间为 9 43± 0 64ka;在G M极性转换之前 ,地球磁场曾发生过持续时间为 2 2± 0 1 3ka的短极性漂移事件 ;相对强度研究表明 ,G M极性转换期间地球磁场强度减弱 .  相似文献   

20.
New results from the La Lieude Formation now complete the magneto-stratigraphic coverage of the Permian redbeds preserved in the Lodève Basin of southern France. The majority of the samples yield reversed polarity, with a mean of declination D = 187.4°, inclination I = ?0.5° (Fisherian statistics k = 44.2, ??95 = 5.6°, n = 16). Together with previously published results, these data indicate that the entire basin lies within the Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron (PCRS). But the stratigraphically highest sample exhibits normal polarity, suggesting that the transition marking the end of the PCRS may be close. The unusual behaviour of the geodynamo that generates superchrons prompts one to ask if there are concomitant influences on the morphology of the field. The intersecting palaeomeridian method offers a means of pursuing this question. An updated analysis suggests that there are currently no compelling reasons for adding significant higher-order terms to the geocentric axial dipole (GAD) model for the Late Permian.  相似文献   

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