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1.
JAMIE G. QUIN 《Sedimentology》2008,55(4):1053-1082
The relatively fine-grained Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous 'Cork Beds' succession of the South Munster Basin includes continuous sections of paralic facies that are over 1000 m thick and individual sandstone units over 300 m thick. However, the succession does not reflect prolonged phases when facies belts were stationary, but rather multiple stacking of small-scale, high-frequency sequences, each associated with pronounced migration of shorelines. What seems to have been unusual about the South Munster Basin succession was that the geographical positioning of these high-frequency sequences was fixed. This resulted from an unusual combination of tectonics, shelf hydrodynamics, sedimentation rates and the textural maturity of the sediment within the basin. Of these, tectonics was probably most critical, particularly the juxtaposition of rapid subsidence in basinal areas and a basin margin zone (to the north) that was sufficiently up-standing to pin the maximum extent of transgression during repeated highstands of sea-level, yet not so upstanding as to have diverted the major regional drainage system. The embayed palaeogeography of the area may also have been influential.  相似文献   

2.
燕山构造带滦平早白垩世盆地沉积过程和演化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
滦平盆地是燕山构造带内一个具有代表性的早白垩世伸展盆地。对盆地内沉积岩相和相组合的详细分析结果显示,盆地内部发育不同的沉积相带并显示明显的空间变化。盆地北部和西部边缘以冲积扇砾岩和扇三角洲砂岩、砾岩沉积为主,盆地中心为湖泊细粒沉积。河流相砂岩和砾岩主要分布于盆地的东南部。古流向和物源恢复结果证明,盆地沉积物主体来自于北部和西部老变质岩基底,仅少部分沉积物来自盆地的东南缘。盆地构造沉降和沉积充填过程主要受北缘和西缘张性断层的控制,断层下盘基底岩石的抬升与盆地边界正断层活动相关,从而成为盆地主要的物源区。滦平盆地的演化可划分为三个阶段:即早期火山喷发阶段、中期强烈断陷阶段和晚期填平阶段。滦平盆地代表了早白垩世燕山构造带其它同类盆地的发展过程,它们皆以小型独立的盆地发育为特征。  相似文献   

3.
燕山构造带中段早白垩世盆地特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
燕山构造带中段主要包含3个早白垩世盆地,即滦平盆地、凤山盆地、石人沟盆地.通过对盆地的沉积相分析、古水流的恢复以及盆地构造-沉积演化研究,认为燕山构造带中段早白垩世盆地发育分为三个阶段,即早期火山喷发阶段、中期强烈断陷阶段和晚期填平阶段.早期发育强烈的火山作用,形成以酸性火山岩为主的张家口组;中期盆地主体呈半地堑状,受单一边界主断层控制,盆地相互独立,盆地边缘以冲积扇砾岩和扇三角洲砂岩、砾岩沉积为主,盆地中心为湖泊细粒沉积.古流向和物源恢复结果证明,盆地沉积物主体来自于北部和/或西部的变质岩基底.盆地构造沉降和沉积充填过程主要受边界正断层的控制,断层下盘基底岩石的抬升与盆地边界正断层活动相关,从而成为盆地主要的物源区.  相似文献   

4.
《Cretaceous Research》2002,23(3):409-438
Four transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles and five T-R subcycles have been recognized in Lower Cretaceous strata of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. These T-R cycles are the LKEGR-TR 1 (Lower Cretaceous, Eastern Gulf Region) (upper Valanginian–upper Aptian), the LKEGR-TR 2 (upper Aptian–middle Albian), the LKEGR-TR 3 (middle–upper Albian), and the LKEGR-TR 4 (upper Albian–lower Cenomanian) cycles. The LKEGR-TR 1 Cycle consists of three subcycles: LKEGR-TR 1–1 (upper Valanginian–lower Aptian), LKEGR-TR 1–2 (lower Aptian) and LKEGR-TR 1–3 (upper Aptian) subcycles. The LKEGR-TR 2–1 (upper Aptian–lower Albian) and the LKEGR-TR 2–2 (lower–middle Albian) subcycles constitute the LKEGR-TR 2 Cycle. The LKEGR-TR 3 and the LKEGR-TR 4 cycles consist of a single T-R cycle.Recognition of these T-R cycles is based upon stratal geometries, nature of cycle boundaries, facies stacking patterns within cycles, and large-scale shifts in major facies belts. The T-R subcycles are characterized by shifts in major facies belts that are not of the magnitude of a T-R cycle. The cycle boundary may be marked by a subaerial unconformity, ravinement surface, transgressive surface or surface of maximum regression. A single T-R cycle consists of an upward-deepening event (transgressive aggrading and backstepping phases) and an upward-shallowing event (regressive infilling phase). These events are separated by a surface of maximum transgression. The aggrading phase marks the change from base-level fall and erosion to base-level rise and sediment accumulation; this phase signals the initiation of the creation of shelf-accommodation space. The marine transgressive and flooding events of the backstepping phase are widespread and provide regional correlation datums. Therefore, these T-R cycles and subcycles can be identified, mapped, and correlated in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico area. The progradational events associated with the regressive infilling phase represent a major influx of siliciclastic sediments into the basin, the development of major reef build-ups at the shelf margin, and a significant loss of shelf-accommodation space. These T-R cycles are interpreted to be the result of the amount of and change in shelf-accommodation due to a combination of post-rift tectonics, loading subsidence, variations in siliciclastic sediment supply and dispersal systems, carbonate productivity and eustasy associated with a passive continental margin. The T-R cycles, where integrated with biostratigraphic data, can be correlated throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico region and have the potential for global correlation of Lower Cretaceous strata.  相似文献   

5.
凤山盆地是燕山构造带内的一个早白垩世伸展盆地。盆地内沉积岩相和相组合的详细分析结果显示,盆地内部发育不同的沉积相带,并显示明显的空间变化。盆地北部和西部边缘以冲积扇砾岩和扇三角洲砂岩、砾岩沉积为主,盆地中心为湖泊细粒沉积。古流向和物源恢复结果证明,盆地沉积物主体来自北部和西部变质岩基底。盆地构造沉降和沉积过程主要受北缘和西缘张性断层的控制。断层下盘基底岩石的抬升与盆地边界正断层活动相关,从而成为盆地主要的物源区。凤山盆地的演化可划分为3个阶段,即早期火山喷发阶段、中期强烈断陷阶段和晚期填平阶段。  相似文献   

6.
塔里木盆地早白垩世沉积相特征与古地理   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
贾进华 《古地理学报》2009,11(2):167-176
根据大量的钻井和露头资料,对塔里木盆地早白垩世沉积相特征和古地理进行了研究。塔里木盆地下白垩统主要发育冲积扇-扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、氧化宽浅湖泊等3种沉积体系,包括陆相冲（洪）积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖等沉积相,分布于下白垩统不同层位。塔里木盆地早白垩世主要包括塔东北和塔西南两大沉积区,总体为干旱氧化的内陆拗陷分割盆地。在塔东北沉积大区,早白垩世早期卡普沙良群沉积物受周缘4大物源区控制,为多物源的氧化宽浅湖盆环境,古地势呈“南高北低、东高西低”,盆地边缘以冲（洪）积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲相为主,盆地内部为滨浅湖亚相。早白垩世晚期巴什基奇克组沉积时期,塔里木盆地周缘进入一个新的构造活动期,古气候更加炎热干旱,氧化宽浅湖盆消失。在塔东北沉积大区,盆地受周缘4个主要物源区影响,以广泛分布的冲积扇-辫状河三角洲沉积体系占主体,盆地内部普遍为辫状河三角洲前缘-滨浅湖亚相沉积。在塔西南沉积大区,早白垩世克孜勒苏群沉积时期古地势呈“东高西低”,受北部喀什北山前和西南部古昆仑山2个物源区的控制,沉积物沿古昆仑山前呈狭长的条带状分布,沉积厚度自西向东减薄,主要是一套冲积扇-扇三角洲相和滨浅湖亚相沉积。  相似文献   

7.
Within the upper Valanginian to upper Albian deposits of the easternmost part of the Prebetic Zone of the Betic Cordillera (Iberian Peninsula), seven lithostratigraphic formations made up of shallow-water carbonate and carbonate-siliciclastic sediments and of outer-platform hemipelagic sediments have been recognized. These formations were deposited in the most distal part of a platform that developed on the Southern Iberian Continental Palaeomargin. The geodynamic context was a margin affected by extensional or transtensional faults that produced tilted blocks. The interval studied records three major second-order transgressive-regressive facies cycles: (I) A late Valanginian to earliest Aptian cycle, mostly represented by hemipelagic and condensed sedimentation, with the development of a tectonically controlled high without sedimentation that separated two sectors with different sedimentary evolution and that ended with an episode of shallow-water carbonate platform development; (II) An earliest to latest Aptian cycle, with a transgressive phase represented by a retrogradational shallow-water carbonate platform capped by a drowning event leading to hemipelagic sedimentation, which was affected by an anoxic event (OAE 1a); the regressive phase is represented by progradation and aggradation of shallow-water carbonate deposits. Finally (III) a latest Aptian to early-late Albian cycle that records the expansion of mixed platform deposits in the entire area, ending with a phase of shallow-water carbonate platform development. Extensional tectonics leading to spatial and temporal changes in subsidence patterns is envisaged as the main control on sedimentation at a local scale, resulting in notable lateral changes in thickness as the main signature. Tectonics exerted a strong control on the distribution of sedimentary environments only during Cycle I. At a higher order, sea-level fluctuations are responsible for sequential organization, and environmental factors determined shallow-water carbonate platform development and demise, as well as oceanic anoxic events. The relevant continuity of the stratigraphic record in the distal part of the Prebetic platform has led to the recognition of events related to cycle boundaries, which result mainly from a combination of tectonics and sea-level changes.  相似文献   

8.
柴达木盆地石炭系沉积相及其与烃源岩的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
在实地观测柴达木盆地石炭系野外露头剖面岩性和生物特征的基础上,详细研究了柴达木盆地石炭系的沉积相类型及特征,探讨了石炭纪不同阶段的沉积演化以及沉积相对烃源岩发育的控制作用。柴达木盆地石炭系主要发育陆表海,可划分为三大沉积相:滨岸相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相;六个亚相:浅滩亚相、潮坪亚相、沼泽亚相、开阔台地亚相、局限台地亚相、内陆棚亚相。石炭纪沉积演化经历了早石炭世两次海侵和晚石炭世的持续海侵,沉积环境由滨海向浅海过渡,以海陆交互沉积环境为主,大面积的海进使得北部山前局部地区出现地层超覆现象。沉积相控制了烃源岩的分布:柴达木盆地东北缘石炭系的潮坪亚相、浅海陆棚亚相广泛发育泥岩、炭质泥岩及碳酸盐岩,可作为有利的生烃源岩;柴西南缘下石炭统的局限台地亚相是碳酸盐台地上局部相对闭塞的地带,由于水体相对较深,水动能较低,沉积物中有机质丰富,也是有利的生烃源岩发育区。   相似文献   

9.
青藏高原北羌塘地区晚三叠世地层展布和沉积型式   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  
北羌塘盆地地处拉竹龙-金沙江缝合带和双湖构造混杂岩带之间,自北向南可划分出5个沉积相带/岩石地层单位：以砂泥质复理石-洋岛、岛弧型火山岩-大理岩岩石组合沉积为特征的若拉岗日群,以深水复理石盆地相沉积为特征的藏夏河组,以深水暗色细碎屑岩盆地相沉积为特征的结扎群,以开阔台地相/缓坡相碳酸盐岩沉积为特征的菊花山组,以三角洲相含煤碎屑岩系沉积为特征的土门格拉群.晚三叠世北羌塘盆地显示为南缓北陡的箕状沉积格局,盆地内充填物为南薄北厚的楔形沉积体,且双物源、沉降中心和沉积中心不一致,表明其具有前陆盆地的一系列沉积特征.  相似文献   

10.
通过对南海西北次海盆新获得的地震资料进行综合解释和层序地层分析,揭示了海盆中的沉积对构造演化阶段的响应。始新世-早渐新世陆缘裂陷期,盆地以对称裂谷形式,发育地堑裂谷层序,沉积以近物源为特征,相变大,发育了冲积扇-扇三角洲-湖相沉积,沉积体系的配置受同沉积断裂控制明显,快速沉降和充分的物源供给决定了沉积体系的构成特征。晚渐新世海底扩张期,岩石圈破裂,陆缘进一步拉开并开始海底扩张,出现海相沉积,来自陆坡的陆架边缘三角洲越过陆坡进入海盆,在海盆内沉积了一套向海盆中部逐渐减薄的楔状地层,并伴有大量的火山碎屑沉积物。早-中新世以来热沉降期,随着构造沉降增大,相对海平面总体不断上升,进入深水盆地,形成陆架陆坡体系,大量的碎屑物质以重力流、深水底流等深水作用方式进入海盆;沉降晚期陆架-陆坡物源供应减弱,琼东南中央峡谷成为其主要的物质供应来源通道,在此期间二次海平面下降、回升的综合作用下,海盆内发育了多期以下切水道为特征的低水位域沉积体系。  相似文献   

11.
During the Aptian and Albian thick terrigenous and carbonate successions of sediments up to 5000 m thick, including shallow water rudist limestones (Urgonian facies), were deposited in the Basque– Cantabrian Basin of northern Spain as a result of an intense rift-related subsidence. Based on criteria from surface and subsurface data, syn-sedimentary faults, folds, angular unconformities, diapirs and sub-basins are distinguished within the Urgonian successions. Faults are grouped into N– S, E– W, NW– SE and NE– SW families and most are normal and strike-slip. Folds are gentle anticlines and synclines related to major faults. The angular unconformities have small hiatuses, poor lateral continuity and they are associated with either folds or tilted blocks. Diapirs are related to the intersection of major basement faults and in at least one instance the diapir was fossilized by Late Albian times. Strong differential subsidence controlled by basement faults determined the division of the basin into many subbasins of different sizes, which acted as depocentres (e.g. Bilbao). Despite the tectonic inversion which affected the basin during the Tertiary and created thrusts in their margins and centre, the present position of the syn-sedimentary tectonic structures gives approximate clues about the broad structural style and this reveals the original model of basin extension. Features characteristic of strike-slip identified in different parts of the basin are displaced geological lines, wrench corridors, drag effects, thickness shifts, paired uplifts and basins, vaulting of ‘slabs’, decreasing displacements, horsetail and fault splays, ‘chessboard’, oroflexural bending, pull-apart geometries, in-line horst slices, and restraining/releasing bends. Sinistral strike-slip movements along major NW– SE faults are supposedly responsible for transtension, which characterized the basin particularly during the Albian. In this scenario, the main wrench movements would have concentrated along the Oiz domain (Biscay Tertiary Synclinorium) and is a situation that has more in common with the strike-slip model proposed by some workers for the western Pyrenees, than with the simple extension models proposed for the northern margin of the Bay of Biscay.  相似文献   

12.
Alluvial sedimentation patterns in the Munster Basin, Ireland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Post-Caledonian southern Ireland witnessed the development of a NE-SW orientated half-graben known as the Munster Basin. More than 7 km of non-marine sediments accumulated in the basin during the late Middle and Late Devonian. Marine conditions became established in the southern part of the basin at the end of the Devonian. In this paper, a model for the evolving style of sedimentation in the basin and its periphery is constructed with the aim of identifying the major factors which controlled sedimentation patterns and the architecture of the basin fill. The depositional history of the basin is considered in terms of four successive episodes. During Episode I, gravelly alluvial fans flanked upland areas around the northeastern and northern basin perimeter. These graded southwestwards to a floodplain dominated by sheet-floods. In the western part of the basin, the first of three major fluvial influxes into the basin commenced. During Episode II, the first influx developed into a large sandy braided complex. The sediment was derived from a distant source area located to the north and west of the basin and was transported diagonally across the basin towards the southeast. Episode III witnessed a second influx which drained into the basin from the northeast and north. River channels were of low sinuosity and graded distally to an ephemeral playa lake. Episode IV was marked by a third fluvial influx from the west and northwest. This was confined to the southern half of the basin and drainage was directed towards the east. The fluvial distributaries were flanked by permanently flooded overbank areas. This influx coincided with the first marine transgression which advanced westwards. The end of Episode IV coincided with the beginning of the Carboniferous and was marked by a major marine transgression. Sediment input to the basin was influenced by stable areas occupied by granitic plutons on either side of the basin and a southward downthrowing fault along its northern margin. The drainage direction was principally controlled by E-W trending within-basin faults and an E-W trending stable area located to the south. The basin was fundamentally of the axial transport type, the main drainage having been directed towards the east though there was also a strong lateral influx from the north, northwest and northeast. Stable areas around the, basin periphery resulted in either no sediment preservation or sequences of multistorey channel deposits while thick sequences dominated by fine-grained floodplain or overbank deposits characterized areas of higher subsidence rate within the basin. Movement on the northern basin-margin fault was probably the major cause of the first fluvial influx, while regional subsidence of the basin and its northern periphery resulted in the second influx. The third influx was a response to local subsidence in the southern part of the Munster Basin. This also contributed to the simultaneous westward marine transgression in this area towards the end of the Devonian. Source area denudation and retreat in association with a sea-level rise were ultimately responsible for terminating the alluvial regime in the Munster Basin.  相似文献   

13.
The first exploratory well Arani–A was drilled in the Palar basin to a depth of 2400m and terminated within the granitic basement.This well offered the first ever opportunity to understand biostratigraphy, sedimentation history and depositional environment of the entire sedimentary column based on arenaceous foraminifera, spores, pollen and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Previous studies on few scattered outcrops around Sriperumbudur, Chengalpattu and Sathyavedu areas have documented palynofossil assemblage of Neocomian–Aptian age. The present study reveals the presence of middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Callovian) sediments (2360-1725 m) resting on the granitic basement. The sediments are interpreted to have deposited under lacustrine/estuarine conditions with high tides providing occasional marine influence. The middle Jurassic sediments are conformably overlain by late Jurassic (Oxfordian–Tithonian) sediments (1725 - 950 m). The late Jurassic sediments have been inferred to have got deposited under fluctuating near shoremarginal marine conditions. There is a 55m thick boulder bed (950 - 895 m) separating the overlying Valanginian sediments. Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Early Albian) sediments are developed in the interval from 895-50m. The boulder bed possibly corresponds to the missing Berriasian stage of the earliest Cretaceous representing an unconformity of the order of ~5 Ma across Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. These sediments are inferred to have deposited under shallow inner neritic conditions. The sediments from 50m to surface consist mainly of lateritic sandstone and alluvium. The sedimentary history of Palar basin began in Bajocian stage of middle Jurassic (170-168 Ma) and ended in early Albian stage of early Cretaceous (113-105 Ma). The late Albian marine transgression which facilitated huge sedimentation in Cauvery and Krishna-Godavari basins has bypassed the Palar basin thus adversely affecting the hydrocarbon potential.  相似文献   

14.
塔里木盆地西南缘中生代沉积古环境恢复   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对塔里木盆地西南缘中生代沉积相和沉积环境的研究,不仅可以了解晚三叠世—晚白垩世塔里木板块南缘活动大陆边缘的历次碰撞事件,也为研究新生代中亚地区强烈的陆内变形活动提供了重要信息。本文利用野外地质调查结果和地球物理资料,在沉积相和地震相分析基础上,重建中生代沉积体系和沉积环境。结果表明:塔里木盆地西南缘中生界的原始分布受晚三叠世弧后前陆冲带冲断作用和造山后伸展作用形成的古地形控制。早侏罗世发育了一系列独立分割的小断陷,以巨厚的冲积扇、辫状河三角洲沉积为特征,其受控于NWW—SEE走向的正断层,而非NW—SE走向的古塔拉斯-费尔干纳右旋走滑断裂;早侏罗世晚期—中侏罗世广泛发育滨浅湖和河流-沼泽相沉积,可能存在一个连通了塔里木盆地南缘、吐拉以及柴达木盆地西缘的统一沉积坳陷;至晚侏罗世,冲积环境再次出现,发育的粗粒碎屑岩为早白垩世湖盆扩张前的产物;早白垩世,丰富的陆源碎屑在古昆仑山前形成多个相互叠置的冲积扇—扇三角洲—扇三角洲平原沉积体;晚白垩世,随着海水自西向东侵入,塔里木盆地西南缘陆相碎屑沉积向东逐渐退却,海相沉积占有优势。  相似文献   

15.
Sedimentary sequences in the Subei Basin are complex and have been affected by interactions between the ocean and rivers since the Late Pliocene, including the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and the Yangtze River. This sedimentary evolution, in particular the timing of Pleistocene transgressions, has long been a matter of controversy owing to the lack of precise chronological evidence. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of the sedimentary environment throughout the past 3.00 Ma in this region on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of particle size and foraminifera and ostracods collected in the TZK9 core from the Subei Basin combined with geochronological studies of magnetostratigraphy, AMS14C and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL). The results show that fluvial facies in the sedimentary environment from 3.00 to 1.01 Ma. There were fluvial facies and reflects six sea-level high stands from 1.01 to 0.25 Ma. The study area was affected by four large-scale transgressions since 0.25 Ma. The four marine sedimentary layers known as DU7(buried at 48–52 m), DU5(buried at 35–41 m), DU3(buried at 16–23 m), and DU1(buried at 2–4 m) are recorded in the MIS7(210–250 ka), MIS5, MIS3, and Holocene, respectively. The magnitude of the DU5 transgression was identical to that of the DU3 transgression, both were larger than the DU7 transgression, and the DU1 transgression was the weakest. The variation of transgression strength reflects the influence of global changes in sea level, tectonic subsidence, shell ridges, and sand dams. In the TZK9 core, we found evidence of seven sea-level high stands from the Early–Middle Pleistocene, and the first one caused by regional rapid subsidence and could be traced back to 0.83-0.84 Ma. The sea-level high stands and the age of the first one recorded above was different from other cores in eastern China, this was caused by the lack of absolute age control and the differences in paleotopography during this period. This study reconstructs sedimentary evolution, determines the transgression and its age, establishes the chronology since the Late Pliocene, and provides a scientific framework for further paleoenvironmental and tectonic studies. The results of this study highlight the important role that local tectonics and global sea level play in the sedimentary evolution and transgressions that have occurred in the western Subei Basin.  相似文献   

16.
寒武系是塔里木盆地当前油气增储上产的重点层系,恢复寒武纪的盆地原型是油气勘探的重要基础。利用最新的钻井、地震及露头资料,以沉积相为研究实体,将盆地充填与周缘构造演化相结合,由点→线→面进行分析,恢复了塔里木盆地寒武纪不同时期的构造-沉积环境,并建立了相应的盆地充填演化模式。塔里木盆地寒武纪经历了一次完整的海侵-海退旋回,包括早寒武世早期快速海侵→中寒武世海退、晚寒武世缓慢海侵→寒武纪末海退两个次级旋回,分别对应沉积演化的2个阶段：塔西克拉通内坳陷早寒武世的碎屑滨岸-陆棚相→局限台地相→中寒武世的蒸发台地相,晚寒武世的局限台地相→寒武纪末期的台地暴露不整合;塔东克拉通边缘坳陷为深水盆地相,经历了硅质泥岩→泥岩与灰岩薄互层→碳酸盐岩的岩相演化。寒武纪塔里木原型盆地特征及演化主要受控于Rodinia超大陆的裂解,其构造-沉积格局经历了由震旦纪末的南北分异格局向中-晚寒武世的东西分异格局的演变。  相似文献   

17.
罗布泊位于塔里木盆地东端,地处欧亚大陆深腹地,罗北凹地则是罗布泊东北部的一个次级凹地。通过对罗北凹地LDK01深孔沉积物粒度、磁化率和地球化学的分析,并结合沉积物的岩性、盐类矿物形态特征和和组合类型、构造背景,对罗布泊地区第四纪成钾环境的阶段性变化规律进行探讨。研究表明,罗布泊地区早更新世以来依次发育了河流相、三角洲相、湖泊相-风成相等沉积体系,并呈现出明显快速的湖相推进和退缩交替的频繁变化,指示盐湖演化是干湿气候周期变化和湖盆周围山区淡水周期补给共同作用结果。第四纪时期罗北凹地发展并最终形成塔里木"高山深盆"中最深的次级凹地地貌,这是青藏高原隆升导致的向北挤压的必然结果,大地构造和环境的变化直接控制了罗布泊盐湖的构造演化和沉积体系的转变。罗布泊盐湖的演化大致可分为三个阶段:第一阶段为断陷阶段,早更新世以来主要沉积淡水河流湖泊相陆源碎屑物;第二阶段为坳陷阶段,中更新世中期发育膏岩湖相,以石膏等硫酸盐析出为主要特征;第三阶段为萎缩阶段,进入晚更新世,大量盐湖相钙芒硝沉积至全新世时期石盐等氯化物析出;上述三个阶段构成一个完整蒸发沉积构造旋回并于最终阶段中形成了超大型的钾盐矿床。  相似文献   

18.
东准噶尔造山带泥盆系沉积相及古地理环境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
东准噶尔造山带纸房地区自晚志留世—泥盆纪可划分为哈甫提克山、绵脊梁、色克森巴依、塔克札勒、博格达五个构造沉积区。各个构造沉积区的沉积盆地内有各自的沉积相特征 ,且反映不同的古地理环境。晚志留世—早泥盆世早期海域自西向东逐渐扩大 ,在其加里东期地体 (微地块 )外围形成近 EW向带状海槽 ,为滨海环境 ;早泥盆世晚期—中泥盆世形成全区域性海侵 ,从滨浅海—半深海环境均存在 ,以滨浅海为主 ;晚泥盆世为多岛洋的鼎盛时期 ,属有限洋盆。自北往南为海陆过渡环境—浅海环境—半深海环境  相似文献   

19.
Songliao Basin, the largest Mesozoic intracontinental nonmarine basin in eastern China, initiated during the latest Jurassic as a backarc extensional basin; rifting failed and thermal cooling controlled subsidence through the early Late Cretaceous. Integrating 2-D and 3D reflection seismic and borehole data with regional geological studies, we interpret sedimentary sequence and structural patterns of the Coniacian-Maastrichtian fill of Songliao Basin as defining a retroforeland basin system developed after 88 Ma (marked by the T11 unconformity in the basin), including (1) significant increase in the thickness of the Nenjiang Formation eastward towards orogenic highlands of the Zhangguangcai Range and the convergent continental margin; (2) a shift of detrital provenance in the basin from north to southeast; and (3) propagation of E-W shortened structures, increasing eastward in amplitude, frequency, and degree of inversion toward the orogen. During latest Cretaceous, foreland basin fill progressively deformed, as the foredeep evolved to a wedge-top tectonic setting, marked by the basin-wide T04 unconformity within the upper Nenjiang Formation at 81.6 Ma. Much of the basin was brought into the orogenic wedge and eroded by the end of the Cretaceous. Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous backarc rifting of uncratonized basement comprised of accreted terranes likely facilitated and localized the foreland. Synrift normal faults reactivated and extensively inverted as thrust faults are prominent in the eastern 1/3 of the basin, whereas folds developed above detachments in shaley early post-rift strata dominate the western 2/3 of the basin. Songliao foreland development likely was driven by changing plate dynamics and collision along the Pacific margin after 88 Ma.  相似文献   

20.
The Western Black Sea basin opened during Cretaceous times by back-arc rifting in association with a north dipping subduction at the rear of the Cretaceous–Early Tertiary Pontide volcanic arc. The sedimentary wedge developed on the shelf of the Romanian Black Sea sector reflects a complex interplay between large scale rifting, uplift of the orogenic flanks, large-scale post-rift subsidence and sea level changes. We examine the detailed structural configuration of this sector for a regional correlation with the adjacent offshore in Ukraine and Bulgaria. The evolution of the western Black Sea basin started in the Albian–Cenomanian times, when two extensional phases with significantly different directions (N–S and subsequently E–W) lead to the formation of a complex interplay between isolated blocks organised in horsts and grabens generally deepening eastwards. Superposition of normal faults footwall blocks from the two extensional episodes generated a deeply subsided area with enhanced accommodation space, i.e., the Histria Depression, and, consequently, recorded a larger thickness of Paleogene sediments in the post-rift stage. (Re)activation of faults and associated folding reflects repeated inversion during the Late Cretaceous–Oligocene times, associated with subsequent periods of non-deposition and/or erosion during moments of basin fill exposure. These periods of inversion recorded in the Black Sea are controlled by coeval orogenic deformations taking place in the Balkans, Pontides and the Crimean thrust belt. Sea level fluctuations during the Neogene and late Alpine tectonics in the neighbouring orogens caused massive sedimentation followed by sediment starvation and/or significant erosion. Large thicknesses of sediments accumulated during the Pontian, presumably associated with an extensional episode deepening the distal parts of the basin and with differential compaction structures. The interpretation of a high-quality seismic dataset combined with published data allowed the correlation of major structural units and lineaments defined onshore towards the Carpathians with the ones deeply buried below the western Black Sea basin sediments. Unit correlations are furthermore used to derive an integrated tectonic image of the western Black Sea area.  相似文献   

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