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1.
雄安新区位于渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷内,区内主要包含有牛驼镇凸起、容城凸起、高阳低凸起等次级构造单元.通过分析该区最近实测的8口钻井测温曲线和108块岩石热导率实测数据并结合前人的研究成果,对雄安新区内部地温梯度、大地热流分布规律等进行了分析.结果表明雄安新区内部不同构造单元地层的地温梯度在垂向上可划分为两段：上部沉积盖层段,地温梯度值在25.2~58.9℃·km-1之间;下部白云岩段地温梯度较低,主要在5℃·km-1附近.同时地温梯度在平面上具有明显的区域性特征,牛驼镇凸起地温梯度值最高,范围为46.5~58.9℃·km-1;容城凸起区地温梯度次之,范围在32.0~40.9℃·km-1之间;凹陷及低凸起区地温梯度较低,唯一的实测值显示为25.2℃·km-1.通过搜集的热流值绘制的热流图也显示出凸起区热流值高,凹陷区热流值相对较低的特点.雄安新区较高的现今地温场特征与其处于弧后拉张的构造背景相关.同时,基岩地层凹凸相间的格局、砂泥质盖层直接覆盖在碳酸盐地层之上的地层组合、热储层段内的地下水对流作用、断裂的发育等共同造成了雄安新区较高的现今地温场特征. 相似文献
2.
地热资源作为清洁可再生能源之一,合理的开发地热能有助于国家“双碳”目标的实现,而正确认识区域地热地质条件及其成因是地热资源开发利用的前提.平顶山矿区位于构造隆起区且区内岩溶含水层广泛发育,基岩起伏产生的热折射效应及岩溶层内地下水对流共同造成该区浅表存在温度异常,沉积盖层段的地温梯度值高达45.0℃/km.本文以7口钻井测温曲线和254块样品热物性资料为基础,分析了该区地温场特征,并结合区域典型地层剖面,对岩溶层内流体对流对地层温度影响的开展水热耦合研究,并通过热模拟分析构造界面两侧热物性差异产生的热流侧向汇聚作用对浅表聚热的作用大小.结果表明：平顶山矿区地温梯度值范围在8.0～66.9℃/km之间,对应的热流值范为31.0～135.0 mW/m2,且地温场分布呈明显的分带性,构造凸起区相对于四周凹陷区地层温度、地温梯度、热流值较高;水热耦合模拟显示,在补给区,随着冷水沿着地表出露的岩溶含水层的不断下渗,地层温度越来越低,在排泄区,补给区冷水经过深部循环加热后向上排泄,进而加热周边岩层;其次,导水断裂可以深刻改变地层温度场的分布,是地层温度下降或上升的分界线;基岩起... 相似文献
3.
本文根据部分实测温度资料和有限单元法的数值模拟计算结果,研究了华北平原区地温梯度和地表热流值与基底构造形态的关系,分析了盖层相对厚度、基岩侧界面倾角以及不同岩石热导率比值对地温梯度和地表热流分布图式的影响,并讨论了地壳浅部热流的折射和再分配问题。在此基础上,提出了华北平原区地温梯度和热流值基底构造形态的相关直线校正法,即根据不同构造部位上钻孔的实测地温梯度和盖层相对厚度的相关直线推算区域平均地温梯度和具代表性区域热流值的方法。 相似文献
4.
礼乐滩是礼乐盆地的重要组成部分,自晚渐新世礼乐地块裂离北部陆缘后开始发育礁灰岩.为认识这些长期浸没海水中的礼乐礁体及其下伏地层的热状态与热演化特征,在详细分析礼乐滩钻井测温数据和镜质体反射率数据的基础上,对一条穿过礁体的骨干剖面进行了构造热演化数值模拟.结果显示,礁体区钻井2000～4500 m深度范围内温度介于30～90℃之间,井底与海底之间的平均地温梯度仅10℃·km~(-1)左右,地温梯度随深度逐渐增加,3000～4000m深度段地温梯度介于32～37℃·km~(-1);礁体下伏地层有机质曾经经历了比现今所处温度更高的古温度.进一步分析表明,高孔高渗的礁体上部因与周围低温海水发生热交换,导致地层温度降低、地温梯度和热流降低甚至为负值;与海水热交换作用随深度增加而减弱并最终停止,地层温度逐渐升高,地温梯度和热流值趋于正常;现今钻井3000～4000 m深度段地温梯度约为35℃·km~(-1),基底热流可能介于65～75 mW·m~(-2),平均约为70 mW·m~(-2);礁体发育区有机质热成熟度主要是在礁体与周围低温海水发生实际热交换前获得的,礁体与海水热交换作用导致地层温度逐渐降低,有机质热成熟度增长缓慢,现今生烃门限深度明显大于邻近的北1凹陷中部区域的门限深度. 相似文献
5.
南海礼乐盆地自渐新世以来持续发育碳酸盐岩礁体,礁体区地温场可能受到礁体与周围低温海水间水热循环的扰动.为了解礁体与周围海水间的热交换过程及其对礁体区地温场的影响,以便从位于礁体区的钻井测温数据中提取深部热信息,本文以过礁体区S-1井的地震剖面为基础,在流热耦合条件下对礁体内的水热活动进行数值模拟.结果表明,礁体与海水间存在水热交换,该水热活动对礁体区温度场有明显的扰动,使得礁体上部温度和地温梯度明显降低,进入礁体下伏地层后,地温梯度逐渐趋于正常;水热循环对礁体区地温场的影响程度与礁体的厚度和渗透率密切相关,礁体厚度越大、渗透率越高,礁体及其下伏地层温度越低;计算剖面中,2100 m厚礁体之下可能存在约400 m厚、渗透率约为3×10^-12 m^2的高渗碎屑岩层,高渗层上覆礁体平均渗透率估计介于1×10^-13~5×10^-12 m^2之间.分析表明,在受水热活动影响的礁体区,礁体下伏地层中的热流可近似代表礁体区的深部热背景,S-1钻井深部热流介于65~75 mW·m^-2之间. 相似文献
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上部洋壳内的热液对流是一个普遍存在的, 而且非常重要的地质过程. 在简单的平面边界条件下, 渗透率强烈地影响着热液循环的形态、对流体的大小及流体速度场. 通过使用高级数值模拟方法, 系统地研究了不同地层渗透率结构、地层非均质性、裂缝带及侵入体影响下的热液对流. 其中, 地质模型由沉积物、高渗基岩层、低渗基岩层三部分组成. 当高渗基岩层内的渗透率大于10倍的沉积物内渗透率时, 高渗层内发生对流现象. 热液循环的形态及流体流速受地层渗透率结构、高渗层内渗透率变化、裂缝带及冷却侵入体的强烈影响. 而地层非均质性(垂向与横向渗透率比值为1.5)对热液循环的影响相对较弱. 基岩内裂缝带是影响流场的最重要因素; 局部侵入体的影响范围只局限于其上方的对流强度, 而对区域规模的流动影响较小. 因此, 热液循环的关键因素是良好的渗透带(通道)及长期的热源, 而不包括流体来源. 相似文献
8.
结合塔里木库车前陆盆地的109口井的地温数据，给出了库车盆地的地温场分布特征. 库车盆地各构造单元的平均地温梯度值为18～28℃/km，与我国其他大、中型沉积盆地相比，仍然偏低. 库车前陆盆地整体上是属于低温冷盆，山前带部位，依奇克里克、克拉苏和大宛齐等构造分区是低温冷盆中的高地温梯度带；从山前带由北向南，地温梯度逐渐降低. 在盆地的南部，地温梯度又存在明显差异. 总体上，地温梯度随深度的增加而降低，趋于一致，但在不同地质构造条件下其变化的速率不同. 在此基础上，进一步探讨地温梯度与盆地形成和构造演化的关系以及油气勘探意义. 相似文献
9.
黔中碳酸盐岩和非碳酸盐岩上覆土壤CO_2 来源的对比研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用含量和碳稳定同位素组成相结合的分析方法, 分别对黔中灰岩、白云岩和粘土岩上覆土层中CO2的来源进行对比研究. 结果显示: 不同基岩上覆土壤CO2浓度相比, 灰岩＞白云岩＞粘土岩; 土层20 cm深度以下, 灰岩上覆土壤CO2的δ13C值介于－12.811‰ ～13.492 ‰ (PDB)、白云岩上覆土壤CO2的δ13C值介于－13.212‰～－14.271‰ (PDB), 粘土岩土壤剖面CO2的δ13C值介于－20.234 ‰ ～－21.485‰ (PDB). 以土壤有机碳和碳酸盐岩的δ13C值为两个同位素端元, 计算CO2来自于碳酸盐岩溶蚀产生的比例, 灰岩上覆土壤为21%～25%, 白云岩上覆土壤为19%～21%, 粘土岩上覆土壤基本上没有碳酸盐岩溶解产生的CO2混入． 相似文献
10.
基于野外气体地球化学调查研究,以及前人有关冻土表层温度、冻土层内地温梯度、冻土层下地温梯度等的资料,对青藏高原多年冻土区天然气水合物的形成条件开展了模拟研究. 结果显示：研究区冻土条件能够满足天然气水合物形成的基本要求;气体组成、冻土特征（如冻土厚度或冻土表层温度、冻土层内地温梯度、冻土层下地温梯度等）是影响研究区天然气水合物稳定带厚度的最重要因素,其在不同点位上的差异性可能导致天然气水合物分布的不均匀性的主要原因;研究区最可能的天然气水合物为甲烷与重烃（乙烷和丙烷）的混合气体型天然气水合物;在天然气水合物分布的区域,其产出的上临界点深度在几十至一百多米间,下临界点深度在几百至近一千米间,厚度可达到几百米. 与Canadian Mallik三角洲多年冻土区相比,青藏高原多年冻土区除了冻土厚度小些外,其他条件,如冻土层内地温梯度、冻土层下地温梯度、气体组成等条件较为相近,具有一定的可比性,预示着良好的天然气水合物潜力. 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
13.
综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
14.
The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
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16.
As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
3
Poise 相似文献
17.
On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
18.
地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
20.
在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。 相似文献