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1.
为了更好地理解锆石(U-Th)/He定年技术及应用潜力,文章基于热活化扩散过程原理,通过高精度分步加热实验研究锆石He的扩散特征,分析锆石He扩散动力学参数、封闭温度(Tc)、部分保留区(PRZ)及(U-Th)/He年龄等. FCT锆石标样循环分步加热扩散实验获取扩散系数ln(D/a2)与温度倒数呈负相关,遵从期望的热活化扩散过程(Arrhenius方程).锆石He扩散活化能(Ea)分布在144～184kJ mol-1,平均值为(169±12)kJ mol-1,(U-Th)/He封闭温度介于144～216℃(冷却速率为10℃Ma-1,半径为38～60μm),平均值为(176±18)℃.锆石He封闭温度随着冷却速率的增大而增加,缓慢冷却时(冷却速率为0.1℃Ma-1),平均值为～136℃;快速冷却时(冷却速率为100℃Ma-1),平均值为～199℃.当冷却速率不变时, He封闭温度随锆石半径增大而增加,对于快速冷却的FCT锆石,年龄受半径大小影响不明显. He保存或者重置与温度和时间条件密切相关,部分保留区温度窗口随持续时间的增加逐渐减小.测试26粒FCT锆石(U-Th)/He年龄的几何平均值为(28.38±0.34)Ma(S.E.),与国内外实验室测试年龄(28.4±1.9Ma)一致. FCT锆石(U-Th)/He年龄较年轻,具有较好的重现性,锆石形成后快速冷却,具有低剂量的辐射损伤,且FCT锆石He年龄与eU没有明显的相关性,表明辐射损伤对He年龄及扩散动力学的影响不明显. 相似文献
2.
(U-Th)/He热定年技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术,目前主要是利用磷灰石和锆石的He年龄来揭示地层的构造抬升和热历史.本文依据塔里木盆地钻井样品的实测磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He年龄数据,初步得出了该地区磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄的封闭温度为85℃,并建立了深度/温度－年龄演化模式;锆石则未达到其较高的封闭温度.综合利用本次实测的He年龄数据结合磷灰石裂变径迹和等效镜质组反射率等古温标,模拟计算了塔里木盆地孔雀1井（KQ1）自奥陶纪末期以来的热历史.模拟结果表明,孔雀1井区奥陶纪末期的地温梯度可达35.5℃/km,志留纪—泥盆纪时期的地温梯度为33.3～34.5℃/km,白垩纪末期地温梯度27.6℃/km左右.因此,(U-Th)/He年龄结合其他古温标综合模拟的方法可以很好地揭示沉积盆地的热历史.特别是该技术为缺乏常规古温标的塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层系所经受热史的恢复提供了新的方法. 相似文献
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库车前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,然而盆地中新生代的构造热演化史一直缺乏有效的研究,制约了油气的勘探.本文测试了吐孜2井磷灰石、锆石(U-Th)/He年龄数据,建立了He年龄随现今温度/深度变化的关系,确定该区磷灰石(U-Th)/He体系封闭温度为89℃.综合利用(U-Th)/He及镜质体反射率(Ro)数据模拟恢复了库车盆地吐孜2井中新生代热演化史,结果表明库车盆地吐孜洛克背斜形成起始时间约为5Ma,新生代抬升剥蚀量平均约为670m,平均抬升剥蚀速率为0.133mm/a.根据新生代吐孜洛克背斜的构造演化分析确定了气源断裂活动及圈闭形成的时期,揭示了吐孜洛克背斜天然气成藏时间为5Ma以后,且烃源岩生排烃、断裂活动及圈闭形成的时间具有良好的匹配关系,这是吐孜洛克油气田形成的关键因素之一.本文应用(U-Th)/He技术研究沉积盆地构造热演化史,对库车盆地油气勘探具有重要的意义. 相似文献
4.
库车前陆盆地蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,然而盆地中新生代的构造热演化史一直缺乏有效的研究,制约了油气的勘探.本文测试了吐孜2井磷灰石、锆石（U-Th）/He年龄数据,建立了He年龄随现今温度/深度变化的关系,确定该区磷灰石（U-Th）/He体系封闭温度为89℃.综合利用（U-Th）/He及镜质体反射率（Ro）数据模拟恢复了库车盆地吐孜2井中新生代热演化史,结果表明库车盆地吐孜洛克背斜形成起始时间约为5 Ma,新生代抬升剥蚀量平均约为670 m,平均抬升剥蚀速率为0.133 mm/a.根据新生代吐孜洛克背斜的构造演化分析确定了气源断裂活动及圈闭形成的时期,揭示了吐孜洛克背斜天然气成藏时间为5 Ma以后,且烃源岩生排烃、断裂活动及圈闭形成的时间具有良好的匹配关系,这是吐孜洛克油气田形成的关键因素之一.本文应用（U-Th）/He技术研究沉积盆地构造热演化史,对库车盆地油气勘探具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2010,(12)
塔里木盆地早古生代碳酸盐岩沉积时期的热历史由于缺乏有效的古温标进行热史恢复,一直是困扰该区下古生界烃源岩演化研究的难题.磷灰石和锆石的(U-Th)/He热定年技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术,可以用来揭示地层的构造抬升和热历史.本文利用塔里木盆地典型井中古生界层系的古温标来恢复古生代的热史.这些井在海西期长期隆升、遭受强烈的剥蚀、后期埋藏深度较小,因而古生界层系中的古温标可以保留原始热信息,从而反映古生代的温度状况.本文通过对这些钻井样品进行磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He年龄测试,并结合磷灰石裂变径迹和等效镜质体反射率等古温标,综合模拟计算了塔里木盆地不同构造单元的KQ1和T1井早古生代的构造-热演化历史.模拟结果表明,塔里木盆地塔东北和巴楚隆起区古生代热演化存在差异.巴楚隆起区T1井在寒武纪末期的古地温梯度仅为28～30℃/km,奥陶纪的地温梯度增高至30～33℃/km之间,志留-泥盆纪地温梯度为31～34℃/km;塔东北的KQ1井区奥陶纪的地温梯度可达35℃/km,志留-泥盆纪地温梯度为32～35℃/km.因此,(U-Th)/He年龄结合其他古温标综合模拟的方法可以很好地揭示沉积盆地的热历史,特别是该方法为塔里木盆地早古生代的热史恢复提供了新的途径. 相似文献
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沉积盆地埋藏史和热历史重建是了解盆地成因和油气形成条件的重要依据,而目前利用古温标手段研究珠江口盆地内东沙隆起热史和埋藏史的成果寥寥无几.本研究中,我们基于磷灰石与锆石(U-Th)/He年龄的反演结果给出了更多合理的约束条件,在此基础上对同一套镜质体反射率Ro数据进行了古热流法模拟计算,获得了钻井自中生代以来的地层温度史.反演结果显示LF35-1-1井区在早始新世-早渐新世发生了一期强烈的抬升剥蚀,地层剥蚀量为2000 m左右.拟合获得的埋藏史和热流史显示该井区在早始新世(~55Ma)经历了最高井底古热流(100 mW·m~(-2)),之后热流减小,持续至现今64.3 mW·m~(-2).最高古地温与隆升剥蚀在时间上的耦合体现了抬升事件对地温冷却的影响,但不足以排除基底热流下降因素.本次研究首次将(U-Th)/He技术用于南海北缘深水区盆地的热史研究,获得的热史结果更加符合现有的构造沉积大地构造方面的认识,展示了利用多种古温标手段进行盆地精细热史研究的良好效用. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(1)
锆石(U-Th)/He热定年技术为沉积盆地深层较高温度热历史的重建提供一种有效的古温标,其中锆石He年龄和封闭温度是重要参数.文章通过渤海湾和塔里木盆地超深钻井的自然演化样品,建立了不同热背景下锆石He年龄与埋深的演化模式并据此探讨碎屑锆石He封闭温度.研究表明自然演化碎屑锆石He封闭温度为200℃,高于国际上广泛使用火成岩锆石样品进行热扩散实验得到的He封闭温度(183℃);获得锆石He部分保留带为140～200℃.正确理解锆石He封闭温度,从而为正确解释锆石He年龄包含的地质信息提供理论依据,对盆地深层烃源岩演化及其成烃成藏研究具有指导意义. 相似文献
8.
锆石是(U-Th)/He测年体系中最常用的富含U、Th的副矿物之一。相对于磷灰石而言,锆石的He封闭温度较高(约190℃),在解决沉积盆地物源和热史恢复方面更具优势。但锆石晶体内的U、Th分带普遍发育,浓度差异明显,即使是国际普遍使用的(U-Th)/He测年标样FCT(Fish Canyon Tuff)的年龄值分散度也可约达10%。文中依托中国地震局地质研究所新建立的(U-Th)/He年代学实验室,利用配备的Alphachron He同位素质谱仪对一批FCT锆石单颗粒采用激光加热萃取后进行4He含量测定,并应用自动进样的安捷伦7900 ICP-MS和同位素稀释剂法测定母体同位素U、Th的含量,得到FCT锆石的年龄范围为26. 61～31. 91Ma,加权平均年龄为(28. 8±3. 1) Ma(2SD,n=10),该年龄值与国际上多个实验室所获得的平均年龄((28. 3±3. 1) Ma,2σ,n=127;(28. 29±2. 6)Ma,2σ外部误差,9. 3%,n=114)在误差范围内一致; Th/U比值范围是0. 52～0. 67,与国际报道值一致,说明本实验室所建立的锆石单颗粒(U-Th)/He测年实验流程可靠。 相似文献
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磷灰石He的封闭温度(约70℃)是目前已知体系中最低的,4He在磷灰石中空间分布包含了样品经历的低温阶段(30~90℃)的热历史信息。磷灰石4He/3He热年代学是根据经典的扩散理论,并用质子照射磷灰石使其内部生成均匀分布的3He,然后应用一种数学方法来确定磷灰石中4He的空间分布,由此可以限制样品所经历的热历史。文中简单介绍了该方法的数学原理、模拟方法、应用以及现存的主要问题等,虽然这一方法还处于不断探索中,但是其对低温热历史的灵敏性使得这种方法有广阔的前景。 相似文献
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年龄-高程法是地质热年代学中利用垂向分布的样品高程和年龄关系计算山体剥露速率的技术,其主要优势在于避免了未知古地温梯度的约束,被广泛应用于造山带研究中.但在实际应用中,由于样品采集剖面无法完全满足垂直的要求,会引入封闭温度面受地形起伏影响所带来的计算误差.本文利用稳态地温场数值模拟,在理论三角函数地形条件下,对不同采样剖面和地温梯度条件下,年龄-高程法的计算准确性进行了定量评估,并据此指出地温梯度不大于30 ℃/km时,在高差为2 km的采样剖面内,应用磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄-高程法,样品水平分布2.5 km以内时,计算结果高出实际剥露速率不超过11%,可以近似认为采样剖面垂直、计算结果准确;应用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄-高程法,样品水平分布5 km以内时,计算剥露速率高出实际剥露速率在15%以内,可以直接利用. 相似文献
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Characteristics of mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different typical fault zones of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
TAO Mingxin XU Yongchang SHI Baoguang JIANG Zhongti SHEN Ping LI Xiaobin & SUN Mingliang . Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Lanzhou Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China . Beijing Normal University Beijing China . The Practical Geologic Data Center State Land Resource Department Sanhe China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)
Large-scale fault zones play an important role in controlling and adjusting all kinds of geological proc-esses,such as deposition,magmatism,metamorphism,metallogenesis,tectonic stress field,tectonic deforma-tion,even the movement of geological massifs,earth-quakes,and they also are the key to solving geological problems concerned,especially regional and even global structures.Due to their special geological tec-tonic significance,they are one of the main research fields of tectonic geology and … 相似文献
13.
大别山区域低温剥露作用: 基于(U-Th)/He和裂变径迹年代学数据的模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大别山高温剥露作用研究已相当成熟, 而白垩纪特别是晚白垩世以来的区域低温剥露研究还比较薄弱, 低温年代学即是解决这一问题的重要途径之一. 本文依据大别山现有岩浆岩与变质岩的磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He数据, 综合考虑热传导、热对流、地形及放射性热产生等因素对地温场造成的影响, 应用Mancktelow法和Braun法, 系统地对整个区域的低温年代学测年结果进行剥露速率计算, 获得了大别山白垩纪以来尤其是晚白垩世以来的剥露速率等值线图以及区域差异剥露趋势. 大别山白垩纪以来天堂寨地区及郯庐断裂带南部剥露速率(0.08~ 0.10 km/Ma)大于大别山其他地区(0.04~0.07 km/Ma). 这种区域差异剥露可能与NNE向断裂系区域差异走滑引发的构造推隆作用有关. 相似文献
14.
Keika Horiguchi Sadato Ueki Yuji Sano Naoto Takahata Akira Hasegawa George Igarashi 《Island Arc》2010,19(1):60-70
In order to study the precise geographical distribution of helium isotope ratios in northeastern Japan and compare it with geophysical data, we collected 43 gas and water samples from hot and mineral springs in the region where the ratio had never been reported, and measured the 3 He/4 He and 4 He/20 Ne ratios of these samples. It was found that the 3 He/4 He ratios show clear contrasts between the forearc and the back-arc regions in the Tohoku district in northeastern Japan. In the forearc region, the ratios are smaller than 1 RA (1 RA = 1.4 × 10−6 ; RA means the 3 He/4 He ratio of the atmosphere). On the other hand, those along the volcanic front and in the back-arc region are apparently higher. Moreover, we found a variation in the 3 He/4 He ratios along the volcanic front. In Miyagi Prefecture (38–39°N), the ratios range from 2 to 5 RA . On the other hand, the ratios are less than 1 RA in and around the southern border between Iwate and Akita Prefectures (39–39.5°N). Comparing the distribution of helium isotope ratios to results of recent geophysical studies, we found that the features in geographical distribution of helium isotope ratios are similar to those of seismic low-velocity zone distributions and high Qp−1 distributions in the uppermost mantle. These observations strongly suggest that the helium isotope ratios reflect the distribution of melts in the uppermost mantle and are a useful tool for investigating the origin, behavior, and distribution of deep fluids and melts. 相似文献
15.
Abstract Isotopic compositions of He, Ne and Ar were measured on Plio–Quaternary alkaline basalts of Marib–Sirwah and Shuqra volcanic fields in Yemen, south-western Arabian Peninsula. Very high 3 He/4 He isotope ratios were found in olivine phenocrysts of some Quaternary alkaline basalts in both volcanic fields, located on the margin of the dispersed Afar mantle plume, compared with the Afar–Ethiopian province in the center of the mantle plume. This suggests that the Afar mantle plume source may consist of common component (C or focal zone (FOZO)) with variable primordial 3 He/4 He ratio rather than high μ mantle (HIMU) component. The three component mixing C as the Afar mantle plume, depleted mantle (DM) as upper mantle and lithospheric mantle with a hybrid enriched mantle I–II (EM I–EM II) characteristics may be adequate to explain He–Sr–Nd–Pb isotope variation for the Afar–Arabian Cenozoic volcanics. The occurrence of high 3 He/4 He ratios in the Marib–Sirwah volcanic field appears to show that the primitive basaltic magma, derived from the margin of the dispersed trous-like Afar mantle plume during 15–0 Ma, was not by contamination of lithospheric and upper mantle materials in comparison with that from the center of the Afar mantle plume as a result of relatively low thermal anomaly. 相似文献
16.
The rare earth element compositions of the Changjiang (Yangtze) and Huanghe (Yellow) river sediments 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Thirty-four samples from the Changjiang and Huanghe were analyzed to characterize their rare earth element (REE) compositions. Although REE concentrations in the Changjiang sediments are higher than those of the Huanghe sediments, the former are less variable. Bulk samples and acid-leachable fractions have convex REE patterns and middle REE enrichments relative to upper continental crust, whereas flat patterns are present in the residual fractions. Source rock composition is the primary control on REE composition, and weathering processes play a minor role. Grain size exerts some influence on REE composition, as demonstrated by the higher REE contents of clay minerals in sediments from both rivers. Heavy minerals contribute about 10-20% of the total REE in the sediments. Apatite is rare in the river sediments, and contributes less than 2% of the REE content, but other heavy minerals such as sphene, allanite and zircon are important reservoirs of residual REE fractions. The Fe-Mn oxides phase accounts for about 14% of bulk REE content in the Changjiang sediments, which could be one of the more important factors controlling REE fractionation in the leachable fraction. 相似文献
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A key requirement for any model of mantle evolution is accounting for the high 3He/4He ratios of many ocean island basalts compared to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts. The early, popular paradigm of primitive, undegassed mantle stored in a convectively isolated lower mantle is incompatible with geophysical constraints that imply whole mantle convection. Thus it has been suggested more recently that domains with high 3He/U ratios have been created continuously from the bulk mantle throughout Earth history. Such models require that the 3He/4He ratio of the convecting mantle was at least as high as the highest values seen in OIB at the time the OIB source was generated. These domains must also be created with sufficient He to impart distinctive He isotopic signatures to ocean island basalts. However, the He isotope evolution of the mantle has not been consistently quantified to determine if such scenarios are plausible.
Here a simple model of the He evolution of the whole mantle is examined. Using a wide range of possible histories of continental extraction and He degassing, the bulk convecting mantle was found to have had 3He/4He ratios as high as those seen in the Iceland hotspot only prior to 3 Ga. Such high 3He/4He ratios can only be preserved if located in domains that are not modified by convective mixing or diffusive homogenisation since that time. Further, there are difficulties in producing, with commonly invoked magmatic processes, domains with sufficiently high 3He/U ratios and enough 3He to be able to impart this signature to ocean island basalts. The results are consistent with models that store such He signatures in the core or a deep layer in the mantle, but are hard to reconcile with models that continuously generate high 3He/4He domains within the mantle. 相似文献