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源-汇系统研究是当今地质学研究热点.东营凹陷南缓坡沙二段沉积时期是构造稳定的斜坡带,与其物源区广饶凸起构成完整的源-汇系统.基于岩心、测井、分析化验及三维地震资料,精细刻画研究区古地貌形态及沉积物搬运通道,明确沙二段浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征;通过地震属性与钻井岩性标定,明确沉积体系分布及时空演化关系,探讨沉积主控因素及源-汇体系配置关系.结果表明,物源区自西向东发育i~iii三个汇水单元,及V1~V4四个古沟谷,碎屑沉积物通过古沟谷搬运输送,向滨-浅湖沉积环境的缓坡（0.52°~1.29°）沉积区供源,形成平面上河道频繁分叉改道、垂向上多个正韵律叠置、岩性以分选中等、磨圆较好的含砾砂岩为主的浅水辫状河三角洲沉积.自沙二下亚段沉积期到沙二上亚段沉积期,沉积体向前推进,规模增大,沉积体系垂向演化主要受控于古气候变化导致的湖平面升降.平面上,Ⅰ~Ⅲ沉积区内朵叶体形态及规模受控于源区汇水单元面积、垂向高差及通道形态与规模,朵叶体面积与垂向高差及汇水单元面积呈正相关. 相似文献
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地下水流动特征对水文地球化学特征具有重要控制作用, 研究分析了大同盆地地下水流动特征对高砷水迁移的影响.以山阴县桑干河南岸地下水试验场(SYFS)的监测数据为基础, 建立了河岸带三维非稳定地下水流模型.结果表明, 灌溉在很大程度上影响着地下水位动态变化.灌溉活动减慢了地下水埋深和水平地下水流速, 加速了不同岩性地层之间的垂向水量交换.粉土(L1、L2、L3和L4)、粘土1(L5)和砂1(L6)之间始终存在由上至下的垂向水量交换, 粘土2(L7)、砂2(L8)、粘土3(L9)和砂3(L10)以水平水量交换为主.灌溉水和大气降水从地表向下垂直入渗至含水层的过程中, 推动了地表和包气带沉积物中的砷逐渐向下迁移; 到达含水层后, 水平交换量占主导, 地下水在水平方向上频繁的水量交换促使As在含水层中发生水平迁移. 相似文献
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基于GMS的岩溶山区三维地下水流模式识别 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以高岚河东部多条支沟切割形成的连排型河间地块为研究区,基于1∶5万岩溶水文地质调查成果,利用GIS技术和径流分割,量化岩溶含水系统顶底板高程、获取入渗补给系数及地下水径流量等数据,运用三维地下水流数值模拟及粒子追踪地下水流线的方法,得出了研究区的地下水流模式。其结果表明:研究区地下水流模式主要受区域尺度的势源和势汇控制,局部的地形起伏对地下水位的影响不明显;支沟切割较深的凉伞沟、滩淤河流域,水流驱动力大,有利于局部水流系统的发育;随着东部补给高程的增加,流程逐渐增长,多发育局部水流系统,至山脊附近多发育排泄至高岚河的中间水流系统。当研究区年降雨量由中等的1 021.1 mm降为多年最低的725.5 mm时,由东部补给区排泄至高岚河的中间水流系统增加;在此降雨强度区间,不具备发育越过河间地块的中间或区域地下水流系统。 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(2)
贵州高原北部赤水河深切河谷区的寒武系白云岩大面积裸露,是区内重要供水岩层。以该白云岩分布区域为研究对象,采取地面调查、水文地质钻探、抽水试验、长期动态监测、地球物理勘探和测井等手段,对获取的128个天然水点、7个钻孔、14条地球物理勘探线、2处测井和7处流量动态监测站基础历史数据资料进行分析研究,总结了区内岩溶发育、地下水分布规律和含水岩组富水性的垂向分层性,并结合地形地貌和水系的空间关系,探明含水岩组富水性的分区特征。研究结果认为:岩溶区垂向上岩溶发育、地下水分布和含水岩组富水性具有分层性特征。靠近侵蚀基准面岩溶发育深度浅,多在65 m以内,远离侵蚀基准面地区的岩溶发育深度较大,包气带内的岩溶较发育,潜水面以下的岩溶亦以多在50 m以内;地下水系统的天然出露点高程在垂向上具有4个显著的分层;在地貌、水系的控制下,含水岩组富水性分层特征显著。研究结论可为该类缺水区域的地下水机井靶区的确定提供参考。 相似文献
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塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层垂向带发育特征及其识别标准 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩溶储层在垂向上的分带性是岩溶在垂向上发育不均匀的客观表现。根据现代岩溶理论,通过对大量测井资料的统计分析,按照岩溶缝洞系统发育强弱及地下水运动方式、岩溶作用方式,将岩溶储层垂向上划分为表层岩溶带、垂向渗滤溶蚀带、径流溶蚀带、潜流溶蚀带等四个岩溶发育带,并建立了塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层垂向带划分的测井响应与岩溶成因组合指标体系。测井响应指标包括自然伽玛、电阻率、井径等;岩溶成因指标包括地下水径流方式、岩溶作用类型、充填特征和岩溶个体形态等。根据岩溶储层垂向带划分标准,对塔河油田奥陶系岩溶储层垂向带发育特征进行了统计分析,并对不同地貌区岩溶储层的垂向带发育特征进行分析。分析认为:表层岩溶带以大中型溶蚀孔洞为主,测井显示为高伽玛,低电阻;半充填(或未充填)时测井表现为低伽玛,低电阻;垂向渗滤溶蚀带以高角度溶缝和小型溶蚀孔洞为特征,测井显示为低伽玛,高电阻;径流溶蚀带多发育大型溶洞,测井显示为高伽玛,低电阻;潜流溶蚀带岩溶弱发育,测井显示为低伽玛,高电阻。 相似文献
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为研究地下水"热"源对于渗流场的影响,选取某水库水源地辐射取水区及部分扩张区为研究范围,使用地下水通用软件FEFLOW对单一地下水热源作用下的Y型河道的渗流场和温度场进行研究,得出地下水热源对渗流场和温度场的影响规律,结果显示:地下水位受水源的影响,在不同位置水位不同,含水层内随着到水源点距离的增加,水位逐渐降低,到达某个位置时会保持稳定不变;靠近地表的地下水温会随着到水源点距离的增加逐渐降低,在垂向上,含水层内地下水温随着高程的降低逐渐降低,而在库水区,受库水的影响垂向水温变化规律则刚好相反,研究结论可为实际工程提供理论指导。 相似文献
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溶解性有机碳(DOC)是地下水中微生物代谢活动的主要能量来源,δ13CDOC值是指示DOC来源及生物代谢活动的重要参数.通过对石家庄地区浅层地下水中DOC浓度及δ13CDOC特征进行分析,结合相应的水化学检测,探讨了δ13CDOC值对地下水环境演化的指示作用.结果表明:DOC浓度及其同位素特征均受到天然及人为两方面影响,表现出一定的空间特征.在垂向上,除石家庄西北部地区以外,研究区地下水中DOC浓度随地下水埋深的增大有降低趋势,δ13CDOC随地下水埋深的增大而增大;石家庄西北部地区具有一定特殊性,地下水埋深较浅,交替强烈,TOC含量较高,而DOC浓度较低,δ13CDOC值偏负.在水平方向上,滹沱河沿岸地区,沿地下水流向,DOC浓度逐渐降低,δ13CDOC值逐渐偏正.石家庄南部地区受污灌影响,DOC浓度较高,δ13CDOC值偏负.研究区地下水埋藏深度、补给条件、径流特征以及人为作用均对地下水中DOC浓度及其同位素特征产生显著影响.δ13CDOC值与SO42-、NO3-浓度的相关关系指示出研究区地下水中反硝化作用和硫酸盐还原作用的发生,从吴家营、宋营一带开始逐渐由硝酸盐还原环境向硫酸盐还原环境过渡;沿地下水流向,地下水环境还原程度增强. 相似文献
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Patterns in groundwater chemistry resulting from groundwater flow 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：11
Pieter J. Stuyfzand 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):15-27
Groundwater flow influences hydrochemical patterns because flow reduces mixing by diffusion, carries the chemical imprints
of biological and anthropogenic changes in the recharge area, and leaches the aquifer system. Global patterns are mainly dictated
by differences in the flux of meteoric water passing through the subsoil. Within individual hydrosomes (water bodies with
a specific origin), the following prograde evolution lines (facies sequence) normally develop in the direction of groundwater
flow: from strong to no fluctuations in water quality, from polluted to unpolluted, from acidic to basic, from oxic to anoxic–methanogenic,
from no to significant base exchange, and from fresh to brackish. This is demonstrated for fresh coastal-dune groundwater
in the Netherlands. In this hydrosome, the leaching of calcium carbonate as much as 15 m and of adsorbed marine cations (Na+, K+, and Mg2+) as much as 2500 m in the flow direction is shown to correspond with about 5000 yr of flushing since the beach barrier with
dunes developed. Recharge focus areas in the dunes are evidenced by groundwater displaying a lower prograde quality evolution
than the surrounding dune groundwater. Artificially recharged Rhine River water in the dunes provides distinct hydrochemical
patterns, which display groundwater flow, mixing, and groundwater ages.
Received, May 1998 · Revised, August 1998 · Accepted, October 1998 相似文献
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地下水可持续开采量与地下水功能评价的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对中国北方地下水评价中偏重资源而对地下水的生态功能和地质环境功能重视不足的问题,立足于流域尺度的地下水循环系统和地下水的自然属性,突出协调综合发挥地下水的资源功能、生态功能和地质环境功能的目标,从地下水可持续开采量与地下水功能的理念基础、评价原则和评价机理3个方面探讨二者的内在关联性,认为它们同源于人与自然和谐的理念,都以流域尺度的地下水循环系统为研究主体,以保护生态与地质环境为目标,彼此相互促进和相互支撑.地下水功能评价是合理确定地下水可持续开采量的充分条件,地下水可持续开采量的合理确定是实现地下水功能评价目标的必要条件;如果二者缺一,则地下水的生态功能或地质环境功能难以得到有针对性的保护. 相似文献
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基于地下水开发的岩溶地下水系统类型划分方案探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
岩溶山区多年的地下水开发利用实践证明,传统的岩溶地下水系统划分不利于指导岩溶山区勘查找水和地下水资源的开发。为了更好地指导岩溶山区地下水资源的勘查和开发,文章从有利指导岩溶山区地下水勘查和开发利用的角度,在继承传统划分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的以地下水的赋存条件、富集条件,以及开发条件三个层次组合的地下水系统综合划分方法:根据岩溶地下水系统与供水目标在空间上的关系划分为“高位”和“低位”两种类型,根据控制地下水富集的水文地质结构划分为“开放”和“封闭”两个亚类,根据地下水的水动力和排泄特点划分为集中（地下河、岩溶泉）和分散排泄三类系统,并给出了“高位”型地下水系统开发成本低、“封闭型”地下水系统资源丰富,“封闭型地下水系统”是缺水区勘查找水的主要目标,合理的岩溶水系统的开发利用应按照“高位封闭型”、“高位开放型”、“低位封闭型”的顺序进行规划部署,“低位开放型”地下水系统则因富水性差、开发利用成本高可作为储备水源地的建议。 相似文献
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Gropius M. Dahabiyeh M. Al Hyari M. Brückner F. Lindenmaier F. Vassolo S. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1769-1787
Jordan suffers from water scarcity and groundwater covers the majority of Jordan’s water supply. Therefore, there is an urgent need to manage this resource conscientiously. A regional numerical groundwater flow model, developed as part of a decision support system for the country of Jordan, allows for quantification of the overexploitation of groundwater resources and enables determination of the extent of unrecorded agricultural groundwater abstraction. Groundwater in Jordan is abstracted from three main aquifers partly separated by aquitards. With updated geological, structural, and hydrogeological data available in the country, a regional numerical groundwater flow model for the whole of Jordan and the southernmost part of Syria was developed using MODFLOW. It was first calibrated for a steady-state condition using data from the 1960s, when groundwater abstraction was negligible. After transient calibration using groundwater level measurements from all aquifers, model results reproduce the large groundwater-level declines experienced in the last decades, which have led to the drying out of numerous springs. They show a reversal of groundwater flow directions in some regions, due to over-abstraction, and demonstrate that documented abstractions are not sufficient to cause the observed groundwater-level decline. Only after considering irrigation water demand derived from remote sensing data, the model is able to simulate these declines. Illegal abstractions can be quantified and predictive scenarios show the potential impact of different management strategies on future groundwater resources.
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Delineation of groundwater potential zones and electrical resistivity studies for groundwater exploration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The electrical resistivity method is widely used in groundwater exploration studies. The method is particularly well suited to carry out groundwater studies in hard-rock terrains. The popular Schlumberger method of electrode configuration was applied in the study area. In all, 112 vertical electrical soundings (VESs) were carried out at different locations in the study area. VES interpretations were used to generate a top-layer contour map and a depth-to-basement map. Finally, a groundwater quality/potential map for the study area was generated using the depth-to-bedrock map, a water-level fluctuation map, and the second-layer thickness. Furthermore, this groundwater potential map was classified into three sectors, i.e. poor, moderate and good zones with respect to the prospects of finding groundwater in the study area. This map has a practical value, as it provides guidance to farmers in selecting favourable well sites, thereby avoiding unnecessary financial losses. 相似文献
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地下水的自动化监测过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
胡军 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(1):101-102
本文详细介绍地下水位自动监测系统的基本构成、工作方式,以推动地下水动态监测工作的开展。 相似文献
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A methodology for making initial estimates of groundwater recharge from groundwater vulnerability mapping 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Recharge to an aquifer can be estimated by first calculating the effective rainfall using a soil moisture budgeting technique, and then by applying a recharge coefficient to indicate the proportion of this effective rainfall that contributes to groundwater recharge. In the Republic of Ireland, the recharge coefficient is determined mainly by the permeability and thickness of the superficial deposits (subsoils) that overlie the country’s aquifers. The properties of these subsoils also influence groundwater vulnerability, and a methodology has been developed for determining the recharge coefficient using the groundwater vulnerability classification. The results of four case studies have been used to develop a quantified link between subsoil permeability, aquifer vulnerability, recharge and runoff. Recharge and runoff coefficients are each classed into three groupings: high, intermediate and low. A high recharge coefficient equates to a low runoff coefficient, and vice versa. A GIS-based tool enables preliminary estimates of recharge to be made using these recharge coefficient groupings. Potential recharge is calculated as the product of effective rainfall and recharge coefficient. The actual recharge is then calculated taking account of the ability of the aquifer to accept the available recharge. The methodology could be applied to other temperate climate zones where the main aquifers have a substantial covering of superficial deposits. 相似文献