Causes and consequences of long-term groundwater overabstraction in Jordan     

Brückner  Florian  Bahls  Rebecca  Alqadi  Mohammad  Lindenmaier  Falk  Hamdan  Ibraheem  Alhiyari  Mohammad  Atieh  Ala’a 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(8):2789-2802

Hydrogeology Journal - In 2017, a comprehensive review of groundwater resources in Jordan was carried out for the first time since 1995. The change in groundwater levels between 1995 and 2017 was...  相似文献   

Estimation of unrecorded groundwater abstractions in Jordan through regional groundwater modelling     

Gropius  M.  Dahabiyeh  M.  Al Hyari  M.  Brückner  F.  Lindenmaier  F.  Vassolo  S. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1769-1787

Jordan suffers from water scarcity and groundwater covers the majority of Jordan’s water supply. Therefore, there is an urgent need to manage this resource conscientiously. A regional numerical groundwater flow model, developed as part of a decision support system for the country of Jordan, allows for quantification of the overexploitation of groundwater resources and enables determination of the extent of unrecorded agricultural groundwater abstraction. Groundwater in Jordan is abstracted from three main aquifers partly separated by aquitards. With updated geological, structural, and hydrogeological data available in the country, a regional numerical groundwater flow model for the whole of Jordan and the southernmost part of Syria was developed using MODFLOW. It was first calibrated for a steady-state condition using data from the 1960s, when groundwater abstraction was negligible. After transient calibration using groundwater level measurements from all aquifers, model results reproduce the large groundwater-level declines experienced in the last decades, which have led to the drying out of numerous springs. They show a reversal of groundwater flow directions in some regions, due to over-abstraction, and demonstrate that documented abstractions are not sufficient to cause the observed groundwater-level decline. Only after considering irrigation water demand derived from remote sensing data, the model is able to simulate these declines. Illegal abstractions can be quantified and predictive scenarios show the potential impact of different management strategies on future groundwater resources.

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Process identification at a slow‐moving landslide in the Vorarlberg Alps     

Falk Lindenmaier  Erwin Zehe  Angela Dittfurth  Jürgen Ihringer 《水文研究》2005,19(8):1635-1651

A fine‐grained slope that exhibits slow movement rates was investigated to understand how geohydrological processes contribute to a consecutive development of mass movements in the Vorarlberg Alps, Austria. For that purpose intensive hydrometeorological, hydrogeological and geotechnical observations as well as surveying of surface movement rates were conducted during 1998–2001. Subsurface water dynamics at the creeping slope turned out to be dominated by a three‐dimensional pressure system. The pressure reaction is triggered by fast infiltration of surface water and subsequent lateral water flow in the south‐western part of the hillslope. The related pressure signal was shown to propagate further downhill, causing fast reactions of the piezometric head at 5·5 m depth on a daily time scale. The observed pressure reactions might belong to a temporary hillslope water body that extends further downhill. The related buoyancy forces could be one of the driving forces for the mass movement. A physically based hydrological model was adopted to model simultaneously surface and subsurface water dynamics including evapotranspiration and runoff production. It was possible to reproduce surface runoff and observed pressure reactions in principle. However, as soil hydraulic functions were only estimated on pedotransfer functions, a quantitative comparison between observed and simulated subsurface dynamics is not feasible. Nevertheless, the results suggest that it is possible to reconstruct important spatial structures based on sparse observations in the field which allow reasonable simulations with a physically based hydrological model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Joint clay–heavy–light mineral analysis: a tool to investigate the hydrographic–hydraulic regime of Late Cenozoic deltaic inland fans under changing climatic conditions (Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, Namibia)     

Harald G. Dill  S. Kaufhold  F. Lindenmaier  R. Dohrmann  R. Ludwig  R. Botz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(1):265-304

An interdisciplinary study (major and minor elements, C and O isotopes, heavy and light minerals, phyllosilicates, wireline logs) in northern Namibia unraveled the hydrographic and hydraulic evolution of alluvial–fluvial sediments of the Kunene and Cubango megafans (Etosha-Cuvelai Basin). Three principal aquatic regimes were operative within the megafan complex: (1) the hydrographic regime, (2) the proximal hydraulic regime, (3) the distal hydraulic regime. The allogenic mineral assemblages mirror the hydrographic variation or drainage system and the lithological evolution of the fan sediments (alluvial–fluvial fan, lacustrine environment with evaporites, fan delta progradation). Authigenic heavy minerals are markers of the physical–chemical condition (Eh and pH values) of the hydraulic regime within the proximal fan at the basin margin. Authigenic heavy, light and clay minerals equally contribute to the determination of the fluid chemistry and temperature, as well as the source of chemical constituents of the former pore fluids percolating through the distal fan. Carbonatization was the most pronounced event in the distal hydraulic system and controlled by the presence of biogenic as well as atmospheric carbon. The isotope-based determination of the temperatures, albeit strongly fluctuating, do not exceed 40 °C. The overall pH values determined for the hydraulic regime within the distal fan range from slightly acidic to alkaline. The presence of zeolites attests to some short-lasting but strong deviations from the pH range, mainly towards more alkaline conditions. Heavy, light and clay mineral analyses proved to be a useful tool to determine the (paleo)hydrology of alluvial–fluvial fan systems in tropical arid to semiarid climates.  相似文献   

Structure and genesis of the Cubango Megafan in northern Namibia: implications for its hydrogeology     

F. Lindenmaier  R. Miller  J. Fenner  G. Christelis  H. G. Dill  T. Himmelsbach  S. Kaufhold  C. Lohe  M. Quinger  F. Schildknecht  G. Symons  A. Walzer  B. van Wyk 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(6):1307-1328

An exploration strategy for groundwater was established and followed in the northern Namibian Cuvelai-Etosha Basin (CEB). The data derived from transient electromagnetics, rotary-drilling, coring and sample investigation were used to refine stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy, and to develop a 3D map of aquifers within the Cubango Megafan. The results have delineated three major aquifers. The newly found, deep-seated Ohangwena II Aquifer (KOH-2) has the potential of providing significant additional water to the water supply of northern Namibia and Angola. While near-surface aquifers carry predominantly brackish water, freshwater in the deep-seated aquifer is further extended and features good hydraulic properties. To date, only a small part of the hydrogeological potential of arid CEB has been explored and an extension of exploration is needed, including southern Angola. The combination of structural, sedimentological and hydrogeological approaches greatly advanced both the geological and hydrogeological understanding. With regard to the deep-seated aquifer, strict measures need to be applied to ensure that the water in the KOH-2 reservoir is exploited sustainably. Water control areas need to be established to ensure long-term preservation of this newly explored aquifer.  相似文献