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矿物颜料是传统绘画的物质基础,青金石颜料的应用历史源远流长。为研究高能球磨对青金石结构和颜料性能的影响,使用行星式球磨机处理原料,通过扫描电镜测试、透射电镜测试、激光粒度分析、BET分析、X射线衍射测试、X射线光电子能谱测试对样品进行分析和表征,以硅橡胶基底法制备颜料样品并使用分光色度计进行色差分析。研究结果表明,球磨后,颗粒的物质组成不变,表面的层状沟纹形貌被破坏,粒度和孔径减小,粒径分布变窄,比表面积和孔容增加,结晶度降低。球磨后颜料的亮度和反射率上升,粒度变化是其主要影响因素。在一定研磨时间内粒度变小使处在长波段的红光的反射受到干扰,颗粒在a*轴色品上产生由红色向绿色漂移的呈色效果;在一定研磨时间后颗粒结晶度变小使蓝紫波段可见光的反射受到削弱,颗粒在b*轴色品上产生由蓝色向黄色漂移的呈色效果。 相似文献
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浙江青田单斜晶系叶腊石微结构的高分辨透射电镜研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)对青田叶腊石的矿物学特征进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明:叶腊石矿物颗粒微结构中最基本的构成单元为纳米板片,且该板片多呈聚集态,单层板片面积大小不一,厚度为(8±2)nm。XRF分析结果表明青田叶腊石原矿混合物中SiO2与Al2O3的分子个数比为6.2,明显高于纯叶腊石中SiO2与Al2O3的分子个数比4.0。HR-TEM对叶腊石晶体结构的研究证实青田叶腊石具有典型的单斜晶系特征,该结论与叶腊石XRD结论一致;且XRD分析结果证实其伴生矿为石英,该结论与XRF所获得的青田叶腊石的"富硅"特征吻合。此外,叶腊石微结构中存在着较明显的晶体缺陷。在高能电子束辐照作用下,叶腊石晶体结构发生明显的破坏,并最终转变为非晶态结构。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2017,(6)
综合多种测试方法,考察了研磨对茂名高岭石粒径、形貌与微结构等理化性质的影响。重点采用~(29)Si、~(27)Al MAS NMR光谱考察了研磨过程中结构脱羟、Si、Al配位环境变化、新活性位点形成等微结构演变等。结果表明:研磨初期,高岭石六方片层遭到破碎,颗粒粒径逐渐减小,比表面积在研磨1 h达到最大(43.8 m~2/g);此后,颗粒发生团聚,比表面积减小,样品脱羟量和表面吸附水含量均逐渐增加。核磁Si谱和Al谱分别在化学位移-100.5和14.8处出现新的信号,归属于四面体Si与八面体Al相连顶氧质子化作用而产生的Q~3 Si-OH~+-Al结构。研磨导致高岭石脱羟,Al配位状态从AlⅥ经由AlⅤ逐渐向AlⅣ转变。 相似文献
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主要化学成分是SiO2和MgO的石棉尾矿与作为化学助剂的硫酸氢铵混合焙烧后可提取MgO并分离出活性SiO2残渣。本文研究了这一焙烧过程中主要金属氧化物的浸取率(以MgO表征)、焙烧产物水浸残渣剩余量及其与物相组成之间的相互关系,获得了优化的混合焙烧工艺参数,并结合焙烧水浸产物的物相变化,分析了焙烧过程中矿物和生成物的变化。结果表明,在NH4HSO4/MgO(摩尔比)为4、焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为2 h、尾矿粒度为120目的条件下,石棉尾矿中的矿物分解最为彻底,MgO提取率最高;焙烧过程中,水镁石、方解石和富铬斜绿泥石反应活性高,蛇纹石次之,滑石最差;石棉尾矿中的金属氧化物与硫酸氢铵反应形成可溶硫酸盐,而硅氧四面体骨架转变成无定形活性SiO2残骸。研究结果对石棉尾矿的资源化利用和环境保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文以采自俄罗斯奥斯泊矿区11#矿的碧玉样品作为研究对象,采用常规的宝石学测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射仪,对其表面微观形貌、矿物组成、化学成分特征进行了较全面的研究。研究表明,俄罗斯奥斯泊11#矿区碧玉主要的矿物组成为透闪石,内含的黑色点状矿物为铬铁矿。结晶度较好,矿物结晶颗粒局部具有定向性,结构主要为毛毡状纤维交织变晶机构,使其具很高的韧性。俄罗斯奥斯泊11#矿碧玉的主要化学成分为MgO、SiO2、CaO,与透闪石类玉一致,与含铁量较高的新西兰碧玉不同,其主要矿物成分为透闪石。 相似文献
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将X射线荧光光谱法应用于硅灰石中SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、P2O5、MgO、K2O、TiO2、MnO的同时快速测定。试样和混合熔剂的质量比为1：10，在此稀释比时试样在熔剂中的分散度（浓度）适当，可适应各个组分的测定。熔融法分解试样有效地消除了试样的粒度效应和矿物效应。采用理论α系数校正法克服了基体吸收及增强效应。用国家标准物质和样品验证了方法的精密度和准确度，其结果与化学分析值相符。 相似文献
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Evolution of pore structure and hydraulic conductivity of randomly distributed soluble particle mixture 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hosung Shin Q. Hung Truong Jong‐Sub Lee Hyunwook Choo Changho Lee 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(5):768-780
The plane strain behavior of particulate mixtures containing soluble particles was investigated by conducting both laboratory tests and numerical analysis. To perform the laboratory experiments, soluble mixtures were prepared using photoelastic disks and ice disks with diameters in the ratios (Dice disk/Dphotoelastic disk) of 0.5 and 0.7, and the evolution of the force chain and pore structure was monitored during the dissolution of the ice disks. Subsequently, numerical analysis was conducted by using the 2‐dimensional discrete element method for the soluble mixtures, and it was compared with the experimental results. Additionally, parametric studies were implemented by varying the particle size ratios between the soluble and non‐soluble particles and the volumetric fraction of the soluble particles. The results of the laboratory experiments and numerical analysis demonstrate that (1) after the dissolution of the soluble particles, the pore fabric of the specimens changed, resulting in a force chain changes, local void increases, and coordination number decreases; (2) the effects of soluble particles on the macro‐behaviors of the mixtures could be divided into 3 zones based on the particle size ratios between the soluble and non‐soluble particles and volumetric fraction of soluble particles. These zones were as follows: (Zone 1)—with a small total soluble volume, slight decrease in the in situ lateral pressure (K0), and minor increase in the hydraulic conductivity (k); (Zone 2)—with a moderate soluble particle; the dissolution generated a honey‐comb particle structure; (Zone 3)—the total soluble volume was very large, and the high volumetric fraction of the dissolving particle collapsed the pore structure, decreasing in the in situ lateral pressure (K0) but increasing the hydraulic conductivity (k). The horizontal stress returned to almost the original level, and the internal arching formation increased significantly with the hydraulic conductivity (k). 相似文献
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Angela Dumas François Martin Christophe Le Roux Pierre Micoud Sabine Petit Eric Ferrage Jocelyne Brendlé Olivier Grauby Mike Greenhill-Hooper 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(4):361-373
A series of new-generation synthetic talcs were prepared by varying the hydrothermal synthesis duration from a few hours up to 2 months. Crystallinity and particle size analysis of the synthetic products were evaluated by photon correlation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and unoriented X-ray diffraction, and then analyzed by various spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and solid-state 1H and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The new process for preparing synthetic talcs allows to obtain single-phased particles which after few hours grow heterogeneously and simultaneously in both the c* direction and the (ab) plan. Fine particles, observed for whatever the synthesis duration, lead to the presence of numerous sheet edges surfaces due to particle size which represents the main difference with natural talc. Spectroscopy data show the influence of the fine particles on signals and highlight that synthetic talc characterization is a potential tool for better understanding crystal chemistry of natural talc. 相似文献
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矿物粉体作为硅橡胶增强填料尚不多见。传统的硅橡胶增强填料是气相白碳黑。它的粒度细,比表面积大,聚集态结构优良,增强效果佳［１］;但其生产能耗大,成本高,价格昂贵,限制了具有优良性能的硅橡胶制品的广泛使用。如果能通过某些物理化学处理,把价格低廉的天然矿物加工成硅橡胶增强剂,不仅能促进硅橡胶工业的发展,而且可为矿物的高增值开发利用找到一条新的途径［２］。填料的粉体性质（包括粒度、表面积、形状、晶态等）是决定其增强性能的关键因素之一。本文分析探讨了矿物粉体的种类和粉体性质与增强性能的关系。１ 实验部分… 相似文献
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秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。 相似文献
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Dino Spagnoli Benjamin Gilbert Jillian F. Banfield 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(14):4023-167
Compared with macroscopic surfaces, the structure of water around nanoparticles is difficult to probe directly. We used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of particle size and morphology on the time-averaged structure and the dynamics of water molecules around two sizes of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. Interrogation of the simulations via atomic density maps, radial distribution functions and bound water residence times provide insight into the relationships between particle size and morphology and the behavior of interfacial water. Both 1.6 and 2.7 nm particles are predicted to cause the formation of ordered water regions close to the nanoparticle surface, but the extent of localization and ordering, the connectivity between regions of bound water, and the rates of molecular exchange between inner and outer regions are all affected by particle size and morphology. These findings are anticipated to be relevant to understanding the rates of interfacial processes involving water exchange and the transport of aqueous ions to surface sites. 相似文献
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Column flotation, which is a very effective process in mineral processing especially for easily floatable minerals, is one of the most important new developments to emerge in mineral processing technology in the last years. In this study, the flotation behavior of talc products having different particle shapes produced by different grinding mills (ball and rod mill) was determined by using column flotation process. Shape characteristics of the particles were investigated by the two dimensional measuring technique based on the particle projections obtained from the SEM microphotographs using a COREL Draw 10.0 program. The results showed that particles possessing higher elongation and flatness properties were recovered better during column flotation, whilst roundness and relative width had a negative effect on the flotation behavior of the talc mineral studied. Consequently, as the shape of the particles produced by the mill deviated from the ideal sphere, their floatability was increased. 相似文献
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The thermal behaviour and the structural properties of three important industrial phyllosilicates, such as kaolinite, talc and Ca-rich montmorillonite, have been examined after mechanical treatment in a specifically built planetary ball mill working in vacuum (P = 0.13 Pa) at room temperature (25 °C). It is found that, on increasing the grinding time, the temperature of the dehydroxylation reaction decreases linearly as a result of a decrease of the crystallite size and structural order. To be noted that the mechanical treatment in our milling conditions did not induce significant amorphization. The temperature at which there is the maximum of dehydroxylation and the weight losses of the intralayer OH are linearly related to the increase of the FWHM of the 001 basal plane. These results are useful for predicting the thermal behaviour of layer silicates to be subjected to mechanical processing in industrial application. 相似文献
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N. R. Khisina R. Wirth M. Andrut A. V. Ukhanov 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(5):291-301
Olivine crystals from two mantle nodules in kimberlites (pipe Udachnaya and pipe Obnazennaya, Yakutiya, Siberia) were investigated using EMP, TEM, AEM and FTIR techniques to determine the mode of hydrogen occurrence in olivine. Olivine contains three types of nanometer-sized inclusions: “large” inclusions of hexagonal-like shape up to several hundred nm in size (1), lamellar defects (2) and small inclusions of hexagon-like shape up to several 10?nm in size (3). Lamellar defects and small inclusions are considered to be a “hydrous” olivine. All three types of inclusions contain OH? or water, but they are different with respect to their phase composition. In “large” inclusions (1) hydrous magnesium silicates, such as serpentine?+?talc (“kerolite”?) and 10-Å phase?+?talc were identified. Lamellar defects (2) and small inclusions (3) are depleted in Mg and Fe compared to the olivine matrix, while the silica content is the same as that of olivine. Modulations in the periodicity of the olivine structure are observed in SAED patterns and HREM images of (2) and (3). The superperiodicity can be referred to OH?-bearing point defect ordering in the olivine structure. If this is the case, the material of both lamellar defects and small inclusions can be assumed to be a “hydrous olivine” Mg2– x v x SiO4H2 x with a cation-deficient olivine crystal structure. Thus, both an extrinsic mode of hydrogen occurrence in olivine, such as nanometer-sized inclusions of OH?-bearing magnesium silicates, and an intrinsic mode of hydrogen incorporation into the olivine structure, such as “hydrous olivine” in itself, were found. The data obtained here show that the OH absorption bands observed in olivine spectra at 3704(3717) and 3683(3688) cm?1 can be unambiguously identified with serpentine; the band at 3677(3676) cm?1 can be associated with talc. The absorption bands observed at 3591 and 3660?cm?1 in olivine match those of the 10-Å phase at 3594, 3662 and 3666?cm?1. 相似文献
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Perrine Chaurand Jrme Rose Jrmie Domas Jean-Yves Bottero 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):10
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag is a residue from the basic oxygen converter in steel-making operations, which is partially reused as an aggregate for road constructions. It is essentially composed of calcium, silicon and iron but also contains potential toxic elements present as traces, like chromium (Cr, 2600 mg kg− 1) and vanadium (V, 690 mg kg− 1), which can be released. The linked results of chemical analysis, XRD and SEM-EDX enabled to identify the main mineral phases composing BOF slag and EDX micro-analyses indicated that V and Cr were associated to dicalciumferrite. A 47-days static leaching test at a laboratory scale with a controlled pH of 5 (pHstat leaching test) showed that Cr was little released, while V was significantly released. Finally, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of 3 BOF slag samples were recorded (“raw”, leached 47 days at pH 5 and aged 2 years in a lysimeter). XANES spectra showed that Cr is present at octahedral coordination in the trivalent form, the less mobile and less toxic one, and that its speciation does not evolve during natural ageing and leaching at pH 5. They also indicated that V is predominantly present in the + 4 oxidation state and seems to become oxidized to the pentavalent form (the most toxic form) during natural ageing. 相似文献