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作者在研究云南姚安碱性岩的过程中,发现辉石黑云母正长斑岩和黑云母正长斑岩中正长石斑晶的环带构造广泛发育。正长石的环带构造较之斜长石和钾长石的环带构造极为罕见,研究得很少。对正长石环带的研究,能够提供很多关于岩浆结晶作用和演化方面的有用资料。 相似文献
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斜长石环带的成因机制 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
系统地分析了斜长石环带的研究现状，并提出了斜长石的小尺度韵律环带起因于自组织过程，而与环境因素无关，其形成对应着相对静态的环境；斜长石的大尺度韵律环带则起因于环境的“周期性”波动，而不可能是自组织成因，其形成过程记录了环带生长岩浆活动的情况。 相似文献
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千家岩体为海南岛典型的晚白垩世早期花岗质杂岩体,岩石类型主要有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩及正长花岗岩,常见造岩矿物有黑云母、角闪石、斜长石、碱性长石、石英等。为进一步揭示岩石形成过程及源区性质,反演壳幔相互作用,本文选取千家岩体,利用电子探针技术对不同岩石类型中的主要矿物进行了矿物化学分析。结果显示,角闪石、黑云母均属于壳幔混源成因,斜长石发育正反环带及振荡环带,记录了岩浆混合作用的影响。镜下观察发现,千家岩体各类岩石中存在大量的岩浆不平衡结构,如斜长石和角闪石的环带结构,针状产出的磷灰石,以及斜长石、钾长石和石英的嵌晶结构等,结合暗色微粒包体的分布组合及形态特征,认为千家岩体形成中经历了岩浆混合作用。综合来说,岩石及矿物化学证据均表明,岩浆混合作用是研究区岩石形成的主因,矿物学证据表明,千家岩体岩石类型为I型花岗岩,其源区属钙碱性岩浆,黑云母矿物化学数据表明岩石形成环境为相对较低的氧逸度。 相似文献
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斜长石韵律环带的结晶速率方程及其动力学机制 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
根据物理化学基本原理,建立了斜长石韵律环带形成的数学模型。从晶体生长的基本原理出发,提出了按非连续机制生长的斜长石晶体结晶速率表达式。该速率表达式具有过饱和→成核→耗尽循环的反馈特征。斜长石中小尺度韵律环带起因于自组织过程,而与环境因素无关。其成因对应着相对静态的环境。 相似文献
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钾长石和斜长石是花岗岩中最主要的造岩矿物,约占岩石中矿物总含量的65%。研究稀有元素在二类长石里的数量分配,是探讨稀有元素存在形式、富集规律、稀有元素与主要造岩元素的相互关系以及稀有元素矿物成因的重要依据之一,也是地球化学研究工作中不可缺少的一环。为了获得纯钾长石和纯斜长石,以往地质工作人员主要寻找岩石中长石斑晶,然后利用钻头和小铁锤逐粒雕取;或用氢氟酸-玫棕试剂染色法把染有红色的钾长石和未染色的斜长石在双目镜下用手工分别挑选。显而易见,用这两种方法每完成一个样品必将花费很多时间,在缺少大斑晶和需要较多数量长石单矿物的情况下,往往会迫使此项研究工作陷于停顿。为了探索长石分选法,作者先后作了优先浮选、静电选、重液分离三个项目的条件实验。鉴于钾长石-斜长石的比重、可浮性、导磁率、导电率都极其相近,是选矿学上较难分选的矿物之一,因此最初的实验都告失败。 相似文献
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斜长石作为主要造岩矿物,是研究岩石成因、示踪岩浆演化和岩浆混合过程的有效工具.对冈底斯带曲水岩基始新世花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、闪长岩脉和暗色包体中的斜长石进行了阴极发光图像结构特征、电子探针主量元素和LA-ICP-MS微量元素成分的分析,揭示了斜长石复杂环带的成因和相关的岩浆过程.该区斜长石的阴极发光图像呈现出多种颜色且与其An值相对应,随着An值降低依次为绿色、蓝色和暗灰色或暗红色等,并发育补丁状环带、筛状环带、韵律环带等.花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩中斜长石的An值具有相似的变化范围(20~55),而闪长岩脉和暗色包体中An值的变化范围较大(25~85),表明曲水岩基经历了复杂的开放过程.微量元素结果表明:花岗闪长岩与闪长岩脉和暗色微粒包体具有相同的Sr含量范围(600×10^-6~1 100×10^-6);而二长花岗岩的Sr含量(1 000×10^-6~2 400×10^-6)整体高于前者.以上研究表明,花岗闪长岩中阴极发光呈现绿色的核部或幔部是偏中性岩浆注入寄主岩岩浆混合的结果;具有高Sr含量的二长花岗岩认为是高Sr含量的岩浆结晶形成的;闪长岩脉和暗色微粒包体中的筛状结构斜长石为寄主岩捕掳晶. 相似文献
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滇西莴中晚始新世高镁富钾火山岩中单斜辉石斑晶环带结构的成因：岩浆补给-混合过程 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
滇西莴中晚始新世高镁富钾火山岩中单斜辉石斑晶普遍出现正环带结构、反环带结构或韵律环带结构，少量为具绿色核部的单斜辉石(“绿核辉石”)。反环带斑晶和“绿核辉石”的幔部与正环带斑晶的核部具有相似并且相对较窄的成分范围，相对高Mg#（0.83 ~ 0.90）,低TiO2（0.13 % ~ 0.29 %）,Al2O3（0.73 % ~ 1.68 %）和Na2O
（0.22 % ~ 0.42 %），为钾质岩浆平衡结晶的产物。反环带斑晶的核部相对低Mg#（0.77 ~ 0.84），但与反环带斑晶的幔部、正环带斑晶的核部均具有相似的Ti/Al比值（0.06 ~ 0.16）；韵律环带结构斑晶的成分变化均在正、反环带斑晶的成分范围之内。莴中高镁富钾火山岩中的这些环带结构单斜辉石斑晶应来源于相似的岩浆体系，反
环带结构表明在岩浆房存在较原始岩浆对较演化岩浆再补给的岩浆混合过程，而韵律环带结构特征揭示曾多次发生这种岩浆混合过程。“绿核辉石”的核部明显低Mg# （0.50 ~ 0.74）,相对富Al2O3（1.66 % ~ 3.63 %）和Na2O（0.87 % ~ 2.17 %），具有明显较低的Ti/Al比值（< 0.05）和较高的AlVI/AlIV比值（0.38 ~ 0.76），为下地壳捕虏晶
来源，证实了在滇西晚始新世富钾岩浆演化过程中存在少量地壳混染作用。 相似文献
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加勒比海小安德列斯岛弧Kick’emJenny海底火山岩的斜长石成分环带:示踪大洋岛弧岩浆房的演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我们对采自于加勒比海地区小安德列斯岛弧(Lesser Antilles Arc)Kick’em Jenny(KEJ)海底火山玄武岩中的斜长石斑晶进行了矿物形态和成分分析。利用电子探针(EMPA)和LA-ICP-MS测定了具有环带结构的斜长石斑晶中主量元素的空间分布,同时也利用LA-ICP-MS分析了斜长石中Sr的分布。结果表明,在不同的矿物斑晶中,元素含量均表现出和环带结构相联系的空间分布变化。斜长石斑晶中最主要的结构为韵律环带以及熔蚀结构,所测定的矿物边缘都存在An值从由内向外迅速降低的致密韵律环带,可能反映了快速结晶时的不平衡;而晶体内部的稀疏韵律环带结构是由岩浆填充或对流活动导致的。部分斜长石的熔蚀层An值由内向外升高,反映了高Ca岩浆填充的过程。这说明斜长石斑晶的矿物形态和元素环带可以用来制约俯冲带海底火山岩浆从源区上升到岩浆房再到喷发的复杂过程,包括岩浆演化、熔体多次填充、熔体与结晶矿物之间的反应、以及矿物再熔融等。这对于理解海底火山的喷发以及岛弧岩浆岩的演化有重要意义。 相似文献
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Zoning of phosphorus in igneous olivine 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Margaret S. Milman-Barris John R. Beckett Michael B. Baker Amy E. Hofmann Zachary Morgan Meghan R. Crowley Daniel Vielzeuf Edward Stolper 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(6):739-765
We describe P zoning in olivines from terrestrial basalts, andesites, dacites, and komatiites and from a martian meteorite.
P2O5 contents of olivines vary from below the detection limit (≤0.01 wt%) to 0.2–0.4 wt% over a few microns, with no correlated
variations in Fo content. Zoning patterns include P-rich crystal cores with skeletal, hopper, or euhedral shapes; oscillatory
zoning; structures suggesting replacement of P-rich zones by P-poor olivine; and sector zoning. Melt inclusions in olivines
are usually located near P-rich regions but in direct contact with low-P olivine. Crystallization experiments on basaltic
compositions at constant cooling rates (15–30°C/h) reproduce many of these features. We infer that P-rich zones in experimental
and natural olivines reflect incorporation of P in excess of equilibrium partitioning during rapid growth, and zoning patterns
primarily record crystal-growth-rate variations. Occurrences of high-P phenocryst cores may reflect pulses of rapid crystal
growth following delayed nucleation due to undercooling. Most cases of oscillatory zoning in P likely reflect internal factors
whereby oscillating growth rates occur without external forcings, but some P zoning in natural olivines may reflect external
forcings (e.g., magma mixing events, eruption) that result in variable crystal growth rates and/or P contents in the magma.
In experimental and some natural olivines, Al, Cr, and P concentrations are roughly linearly and positively correlated, suggesting
coupled substitutions, but in natural phenocrysts, Cr zoning is usually less intense than P zoning, and Al zoning weak to
absent. We propose that olivines grow from basic and ultrabasic magmas with correlated zoning in P, Cr, and Al superimposed
on normal zoning in Fe/Mg; rapidly diffusing divalent cations homogenize during residence in hot magma; Al and Cr only partially
homogenize; and delicate P zoning is preserved because P diffuses very slowly. This interpretation is consistent with the
fact that zoning is largely preserved not only in P but also in Al, Cr, and divalent cations in olivines with short residence
times at high temperature (e.g., experimentally grown olivines, komatiitic olivines, groundmass olivines, and the rims of
olivine phenocrysts grown during eruption). P zoning is widespread in magmatic olivine, revealing details of crystal growth
and intra-crystal stratigraphy in what otherwise appear to be relatively featureless crystals. Since it is preserved in early-formed
olivines with prolonged residence times in magmas at high temperatures, P zoning has promise as an archive of information
about an otherwise largely inaccessible stage of a magma’s history. Study of such features should be a valuable supplement
to routine petrographic investigations of basic and ultrabasic rocks, especially because these features can be observed with
standard electron microprobe techniques. 相似文献
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花岗岩中锆石的韵律环带结构研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
花岗岩中锆石的电子荧光观察和微量元素分析表明,锆石中的韵律环带结构主要是以较宽的浅灰色条带与较窄的灰黑色条带交替重复出现而形成的。相应于条带灰度的变化,呈负相关性的锆与呈正相关性的铀的含量亦在起伏变化。由于锆石中铀与锆的类置同象置换是非常有限的,锆石中铀含量的变化主要取决于铀的分配系数的变化。因此,当含铀锆石的结晶过程处于非理想体系时,它以固溶体相变的形式来协调固液界面的局部体系与整个花岗质熔体的热力学平衡,从而形成含铀锆石的两种固溶体相交替生长的韵律环带结构。 相似文献
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Numerical simulations of the growth of a large crystal face of plagioclase in response to an instantaneous undercooling below the equilibrium temperature are presented for model granodiorite and basalt melts with varying water contents. The simulations suggest that the anorthite content of plagioclase decreases uniformly from the composition in equilibrium with the bulk melt as undercooling is increased, and that the water content in the melt has little influence on this result. Comparison of the simulations with sharp compositional changes in natural profiles suggests that undercoolings of tens of degrees C can be rapidly imposed on plutonic phenocrysts. Large changes of undercooling most likely result from chilling of the magma and local convection around growing crystals. The observation in experiments that growth rate does not increase rapidly with increasing water content in the starting melting composition can be attributed to the concentration of water at the crystal face during growth; the action of water to reduce liquidus temperature and undercooling has a greater effect on growth rate than its action to increase transport rates. Even at large undercooling, there is no significant increase in temperature at the interface caused by the release of heat of crystallization.Simulations are presented to illustrate how disequilibrium growth processes due to undercooling can modify the normal zoning profiles expected from fractionation. Assuming that an undercooling is necessary to cause nucleation, normal zoning can result if crystal growth takes place at constant or increasing undercooling, but reverse zoning can occur at decreasing undercooling. Undercooling during growth is controlled by the relative rate of cooling and the rate at which the liquidus temperature is decreased by the accumulation of residual components and volatiles in the melt. Consequently, normal zoning should be promoted by rapid cooling, contemporaneous crystallization of other phases, and absence of volatiles, while reverse zoning should be expected in phenocrysts grown in slowly-cooled melts or in melts where volatiles are concentrated. The zoning patterns found in many plutonic plagioclase crystals suggest that their compositions are in significant disequilibrium with the melt; consequently, they are unsuitable for use in geothermometers.Approximate calculations suggest that the amount of water concentrated at the surface of growing phenocrysts in plutons can promote local convection. Comparison of simulated and observed oscillatory zoning profiles suggests that oscillatory zoning is not explained by a re-nucleationdiffusion model (Harloff 1927), but is readily explained by periodic local convection. 相似文献
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湖北铜绿山铜铁矿床中煌斑岩的矿物学特征及岩石成因初探 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
湖北铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床处于长江中下游铁铜成矿带西部的鄂东南矿集区。最近我们在该矿区工作中采集到两条侵入于含矿石英二长闪长玢岩中的煌斑岩脉。本文对这些煌斑岩脉进行了详细的镜下岩相学观察,并对其中造岩矿物黑云母、辉石和长石进行了电子探针成分分析。根据这些数据本文论述了煌斑岩的物源、形成环境以及岩浆体系的物理化学条件。研究表明,煌斑岩中云母为富镁黑云母,其形成的岩浆体系处于中低氧逸度(近Ni-Ni O);黑云母与全岩都具有高钛特征,表明煌斑岩的物源深度可能来自较深部地幔(如软流圈)。煌斑岩中辉石为单斜辉石,环带较为发育,有韵律环带和正环带,其韵律环带的形成可能是由于岩浆温压环境存在振荡性变化而形成的。铜绿山矿床中煌斑岩属于云煌岩;其岩浆来源具幔源性,受到地壳的混染作用不强。 相似文献
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北京周口店岩株是一个二次侵入的同心带状复式岩体。第一次侵入的石英闪长岩零星分布于岩体边缘;第二次侵入的花岗闪长岩为岩株主体。宏观上具明显的岩相分带,化学成分上显示边部富高温组份(Mg,Ca,Sc,Ti,Mn,Fe和Co等),而中央仅轻微富集某些低温组份(Na,Si等)。 相似文献
18.
Plagioclase zoning as an indicator of magma processes at Bezymianny Volcano,Kamchatka 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
Vasily D. Shcherbakov Pavel Yu. Plechov Pavel E. Izbekov Jill S. Shipman 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(1):83-99
Back-scattered electron (BSE)-derived zoning patterns of plagioclase phenocrysts are used to identify magma processes at Bezymianny
Volcano, Kamchatka, based on the 2000–2007 sequence of eruptive products. The erupted magmas are two-pyroxene andesites, which
last equilibrated at ~915°C temperature, 77–87 MPa pressure, and a water content of ~1.4 wt%. Textural and compositional zoning
of individual plagioclase phenocrysts typically includes a repeated core-to-rim sequence of oscillatory zoning (An50–60) truncated by a dissolution surface followed by an abrupt increase in An content (up to An85), which then gradually decreases rimward. This zoning pattern is interpreted to be the result of frequent replenishments
of the magma chamber which cause both thermal and chemical interaction between resident and recharge magmas. The outermost
70- to 150-μm-wide zoning patterns of plagioclase phenocrysts are composed of dissolution surface with a subsequent increase
in An and Fe contents. Zoning patterns of the rims exhibit correlation among plagioclase phenocrysts within one eruption.
Rims are interpreted as a result of crystallization of a batch of magma in the conduit after recharge event. 相似文献
19.
Magma Evolution and Open-System Processes at Shiveluch Volcano: Insights from Phenocryst Zoning 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
HUMPHREYS MADELEINE C. S.; BLUNDY JON D.; SPARKS R. STEPHEN J. 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(12):2303-2334
Phenocryst zoning patterns are used to identify open-systemmagmatic processes in the products of the 2001 eruption of ShiveluchVolcano, Kamchatka. The lavas and pumices studied are hornblende–plagioclaseandesites with average pre-eruptive temperatures of 840°Cand fO2 of 1·5–2·1 log units above nickel–nickeloxide (NNO). Plagioclase zoning includes oscillatory and patchyzonation and sieve textures. Hornblendes are commonly unzoned,but some show simple, multiple or patchy zoning. Apatite microphenocrystsdisplay normal and reverse zoning of sulphur. The textural similarityof patchy hornblende and plagioclase, together with Ba–Srsystematics in patchy plagioclase, indicate that the cores ofthese crystals were derived from cumulate material. Plagioclase–liquidequilibria suggest that the patchy texture develops by resorptionduring H2O-undersaturated decompression. When H2O-saturatedcrystallization recommences at lower pressure, reduced pH2Oresults in lower XAn in plagioclase, causing more Al-rich hornblendeto crystallize. Plagioclase cores with diffuse oscillatory zoning,and unzoned hornblende crystals, probably represent a populationof crystals resident in the magma chamber for long periods oftime. In contrast, oscillatory zoning in the rims of plagioclasephenocrysts may reflect eruption dynamics during decompressioncrystallization. Increasing Fe/Al in oscillatory zoned rimssuggests oxidation as a result of degassing of H2O during decompression.A general lack of textural overlap between phenocryst typessuggests that different phenocryst populations were spatiallyor temporally isolated during crystallization. We present evidencethat the host andesite has mixed with both more felsic and moremafic magmas. Olivine and orthopyroxene xenocrysts with reactionor overgrowth rims and strong normal zoning indicate mixingwith basalt. Sieve-textured plagioclase resulted from mixingof a more felsic magma with the host andesite. The mineralogyand mineral compositions of a mafic andesite enclave are identicalto those of the host magma, which implies efficient thermalquenching, and thus small volumes of intruding magma. Mixingof this magma with the host andesite results in phenocryst zoningbecause of differences in dissolved volatile contents. We suggestthat small magma pulses differentiated at depth and ascendedintermittently into the growing magma chamber, producing incrementalvariations in whole-rock compositions. KEY WORDS: patchy zoning; magma mixing; Shiveluch 相似文献
20.
A. Ewart 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,58(1):1-21
Basaltic andesites are the dominant Tongan magma type, and are characterized by phenocrysts of augite, orthopyroxene (or rarely pigeonite), and calcic plagioclase (modally most abundant phase, and interpreted as the liquidus phase). The plagioclase phenocrysts exhibit slight oscillatory reverse zoning except for abrupt and thin more sodic rims, which are interpreted to develop during eruptive quenching. These rim compositions overlap those of the groundmass plagioclase. The pyroxene phenocrysts also exhibit only slight compositional zoning except for the outermost rim zones; the compositions of these rims, together with the groundmass pyroxenes, vary throughout the compositional range of subcalcic augite to ferroaugite through pigeonite to ferropigeonite, and are interpreted in terms of quench-controlled crystallization. This is supported, for example, by the random distribution of Al solid solution in the groundmass pyroxenes, compared to the more regular behaviour of Al in the phenocryst pyroxenes. The analysed Niua Fo'ou olivine tholeiites are aphyric; groundmass phases are plagioclase (An17–88), olivine (Fa18–63), titanomagnetite (usp. 59–73), and augite-ferroaugite which does not extend to subcalcic compositions; this is interpreted to be due to higher quenching temperatures and lower viscosities of these tholeiites compared to the basaltic andesites.Application of various geothermometers to the basaltic andesites suggest initial eruptive quenching temperatures of 1,008–1,124 ° C, plagioclase liquidus temperatures (1 bar) of 1,210–1,277 ° C, and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene equilibration of 990–1,150 ° C. These calculated temperatures, together with supporting evidence (e.g. absence of olivine and amphibole, liquidus plagioclase, and plagioclase zoning patterns) are interpreted in terms of phenocryst crystallization from magmas that were either strongly water undersaturated, nearly anhydrous, or at best, water saturated at very low pressures (< 0.5 kb). This interpretation implies that these Tongan basaltic andesites did not originate by any of the currently proposed mechanisms involving hydrous melting within or above the Benioff zone. 相似文献