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Thomas A. Simpson 《Environmental Geology》1989,13(2):129-135
The much increased use of explosives to move and extract rock masses in construction and mining over the past two decades has resulted in a plethora of complaints from the general public in areas of close proximity to public facilities, communication, and transportation systems. Air blasts and ground vibrations caused by explosive detonation can have desultory and damaging effects to public and private property, impose adverse effects on underground mining operations, and change the course of flow or effect the availability of surface and groundwater.Attempts to prevent damage and alleviate problems from blasting have been initiated by the federal and state governments by the promulgation of rules and regulations to prevent against vagrant and negligent blasting procedures. The Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) provided regulations in the Federal Register on March 8, 1983, with particular reference to surface mining practices. Most of the states have adopted the OSMRE guidelines to enforce these rules and regulations.This article refers to surface mine blasting within the State of Alabama and describes some of the research efforts conducted by The University of Alabama, Department of Mineral Engineering, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, over the past several years. The article does not provide answers to the environmental problems caused by blasting but describes research activities in the past and present time frames. Although restricted to Alabama, the problem is worldwide. 相似文献
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Essaïeb Hamdi Najla Bouden Romdhane Jean du Mouza Jean Michel Le Cleac’h 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(2):133-146
The theoretical explosive energy used in blasting is a common issue in many recent research works (Spathis 1999; Sanchidrian 2003). It is currently admitted that the theoretical available energy of the explosives is split into several parts during a blast:
seismic, kinetic, backbreaks, heave, heat and fragmentation energies. Concerning this last one, the energy devoted to the
breakage and to the creation of blocks within the muckpile can be separated from the microcracking energy which is devoted
to developing new and/or extending existing micro cracks within the blocks (Hamdi et al. 2001; López et al. 2002). In order to investigate these two types of energy, a first and important task is to precisely study the main parameters
characterising the two constitutive elements of the rock mass (rock matrix and discontinuity system). This should provide
useful guidelines for the choice of the blasting parameters (type of explosive, blasting pattern, etc.), in order to finally
control the comminution process. Within the frame of the EU LESS FINES research project, devoted to the control of fines production,
the methodology was developed in order to: (1) characterize the in situ rock mass, by evaluating the density, anisotropy,
interconnectivity and fractal dimension of the discontinuity system and (2) evaluate fragmentation (both micro and macro)
energy spent during the blasting operation. The methodology was applied to three production blasts performed in the Klinthagen
quarry (Sweden) allowing to estimate the part of the fragmentation energy devoted to the formation of muck pile blocks on
one side and to the muckpile blocks microcracking on the other side. 相似文献
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The literature of explosives and blasting consists of a great variety of printed materials. These materials include technical papers, books, and articles by individuals and organizations; manufacturer's product catalogs and brochures; handbooks offering guidance for the field blaster; complete encyclopedias on the subjects (and short entries in general-interest encyclopedias); government publications; proceedings of meetings of organizations devoted to the subjects; magazines specific to the subjects; articles in general circulation magazines; and other miscellaneous sources. In short, there is a multitude of literature, some well indexed for retrieval, but most not. This is a broad-brush look at the literature. 相似文献
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A Survey of Blasting Vibration Regulations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In 1998, the Blast Vibration and Seismograph Section of the International Society of Explosives Engineers formed a working group to collect and compile a list of regulations limiting ground vibrations from blasting. The goal was to locate those countries, states, provinces, and cities that have such regulations, identify which governmental body enforces them, and determine what limits on ground vibrations are imposed upon the blasting operations, and if possible, determine the basis for such regulations. In the course of this study, data was collected from over 60 jurisdictions where peak particle velocity restrictions range from non-existent to very stringent. Some of the regulations were found to be based upon standards grounded in good science, while others possess little or no technical justification. This paper will summarize the findings of the subcommittee, focusing primarily on what the limits are, which type of blasting operations must adhere to them, and to what structures they apply. The degree to which these regulations are based upon valid scientific and engineering research will be discussed. A listing of specific locations having such regulations and information about those regulations will be provided. 相似文献
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通过大量的素混凝土及钢筋混凝土结构切割爆破实践,分析归纳出其主要爆破参数计算方法和工程施工技术特点。将这些计算方法和技术要点应用于工程实践,取得了较好的切割爆破效果,达到了相应的工程目的。 相似文献
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炮孔合理堵塞长度的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于爆破理论和应力波理论,分析了炮孔堵塞物的作用机理及其在炮孔中运动过程,推导出了炮孔堵塞长度的计算公式,并对合理炮孔堵塞长度的选取进行了现场试验,试验结果说明了理论分析的正确性,可为爆破实践提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Uncertainty in Measurements of Vibrations From Blasting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pablo Segarra Lina M. López José A. Sanchidrián 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(6):1119-1126
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M. Olsson S. Nie I. Bergqvist F. Ouchterlony 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(2):221-233
In blasting, a few or many cracks are driven from the borehole into the rock. But what causes the cracks? The most common theory of breakage consists of two stages; first the shock wave causes radial cracks to form around the hole then the gases penetrate into the cracks, and widen them and make them longer. Another theory presented by Brinkmann suggests that the back damage is primarily controlled by shock and that the gas penetration is the mechanism controlling breakout of the burden. He did his experimental work using blasthole liners. Recent research at SveBeFo has examined this matter further. In a quarry a number of benching holes have been blasted simultaneously. In some of these holes tubular Swellex bolts were inflated and decoupled charges put inside the tubes without stemming. Other holes were identically charged but without the lining. Finally some holes were also stemmed. After blasting the cracks in the remaining rock were studied. There was no difference in crack lengths between holes charged normally (no stemming) and holes where the charges were inside the bolts. On the other hand when stemming was used, the crack lengths increased for some explosives but remained the same for an emulsion explosive. In another set up blasted granite blocks were charged in the same way as above. Then we could also measure the bore hole pressure. The pressure gauge consists of a small carbon resistor inside a steel cylinder. It is called LHM (Location-fixed Hydrodynamic Measuring cup) and is placed at the bottom of the hole. A smaller exit hole from the bottom is drilled for the cables. The paper presents the technique and the results obtained from both the quarry blasting and the blasting of the blocks. 相似文献
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J. L. Rowe R. Goodridge D. Stow K. J. Molloy 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(2):263-270
A range of bulk explosives, the NOVALITE range hay been specifically developed for soft ground blasting. These explosives can be used in both wet and dry blasting conditions, range in density from 0.3-1.2 g/cc and range in VoD from 2-4.5 km/s. This range of explosives hay the potential to be tailored to ground type and is predicted to be suitable for a variety of applications which include: blasting in soft to medium overburden, coal blasting, wall control, and low vibration blasting. Trials have been conducted in several applications with encouraging results. Several cast/throw blasts have been conducted with these products partially replacing either ANFO or Heavy ANFO. The results from the blast have been equivalent in cast (per cent) and at reduced cost per unit volume. These products have also been used in presplit blasting and have again achieved equivalent or better results when compared to conventional presplit blasting at a lower cost per unit volume. This product has also been used in a vibration sensitive area replacing traditional explosive products, and generating excellent fragmentation and digging whilst maintaining vibration limits. This new range of products, NOVALITE, has shown great potential in many applications either reducing cost per unit volume, improving wall quality or improving productivity in environmentally sensitive areas. 相似文献
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Because the land requisition and demolishing became difficult more and more, the mining scheme of Luohe iron mine was changed from caving method to filling method. In order to ensure the safety of the residence and the underground tunnel cavern within the mobile belt of the underground mining, the Luohe iron mine did the blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and blasting vibration monitoring. The blasting experiments use common emulsified oil explosives and non-electric initiation system. The way of caved ore adopts the cutting groove and bench side. The NUBOX-6016 intelligent vibration monitor was chosen in the blasting vibration monitoring. Twice experiments on the blasting vibration monitoring were done on the surface or in the underground refuge cavern. The first test select the three monitoring points on the ground and the second select two monitoring points on the ground and a monitoring point in the underground refuge cavern. The blasting vibration monitoring data were conducted by the regression analysis in the Sodev’s empirical formula. The vibration attenuation formula about the underground blasting vibration transmitting in three directions is derived. The blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and the blasting vibration were analyzed. It is estimated if the vibration damage possibly the surface buildings and related facilities of mine. 相似文献
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冻土位移的散斑照相测量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对冻土受力变形的特性，给出了白光散斑照相，激光散射照相和激光显微散照相技术相结合测量冻土位移的方法，分析讨论了各种散斑照相的测量范围，对冻土弹性变形范围内的位移测量实验表明，这是一种有效的测量手段。 相似文献
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G. R. Adhikari A. I. Theresraj H. S. Venkatesh R. Balachander R. N. Gupta 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2004,8(2):85-94
A database of ground vibration due to blasting at 27 limestone quarries, located in various parts of India, has been created. The database contains peak particle velocity (PPV), frequency, other vibration related and blast design parameters. Regression analysis of the data is carried out to derive site constants of the USBM predictor equation for individual quarries. It is found that these site constants are correlated with each other. By combining all the data, a generalised predictor equation is developed to assess and control ground vibration. In addition, mean zone of attenuation has been delineated using the predictor equations of the individual quarries. The dominant frequency of ground vibration with respect to distance and the possibility of modifying it by changing delay intervals in production blasts are also examined. 相似文献