共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 277 毫秒
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《岩土力学》2017,(9)
为深入揭示岩体爆破累积损伤效应及其与岩体声学特性之间的内在联系,在某地下工程围岩中进行了10次小药量爆破,并开展了岩体损伤现场声波测试。基于快速傅立叶变换(FFT),探讨了声波在爆破损伤岩体中传播时的衰减特性,分析了声波主频、频域内最大振幅等岩体声学参数随爆破次数不断增加的变化特性,同时探讨了围岩松动圈厚度、声波换能器间距、爆心距等因素的影响。研究结果表明,随爆破次数增加,岩体爆生裂隙不断增加和扩展,声波信号中的高频成分不断被吸收,低频成分所占比例增加,主频向低频方向偏移,频谱曲线畸变程度增加;声波主频比和频域最大振幅比均呈非线性降低趋势,频域最大振幅比对岩体爆破损伤的敏感性高于声波主频比;随爆心距增大,岩体声波频谱变化程度逐渐减弱。声波换能器间距越大,声波主频变化越大,频域内最大振幅衰减变化越显著。研究成果对于丰富和完善岩体爆破累积损伤效应声学研究方法具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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岭澳核电站二期工程基岩爆破安全阈值分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
核电站基础爆破开挖过程中必须严格控制岩体爆破损伤深度,确保建基面安全。以广东岭澳核电站二期工程基础爆破开挖为例,通过现场爆破振动监测、岩体声波试验以及数值模拟,综合分析了岩体爆炸振动衰减规律和损伤特征,研究了距爆源一定距离处岩体振动速度与损伤特征的关系,提出了岭澳核电站二期工程岩体爆炸损伤深度的控制方法,确定了相应的安全阈值。分析结果表明,岭澳核电站二期工程基础爆破开挖时,当距爆源30 m处的岩体质点振动速度不超过5 cm/s时,可保证下卧基岩的损伤深度小于2 m,确保建基岩完整性。 相似文献
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针对硬岩应力松弛特性及岩爆研究的不足,开展了低、中、高载荷下的循环加卸载直墙拱形巷（隧）道应力松弛过程试验,得出了应力松弛规律,建立了应力松弛模型,探讨了应力松弛机制。结果表明：在低载荷下的循环加卸载直墙拱形巷（隧）道应力松弛过程均呈现出迅速衰减、逐渐衰减和稳定3个演化阶段,应力松弛规律一致,但随着循环次数的增加,应力松弛时间放缓,应力衰减损失程度在降低;低载荷下的应力松弛过程是巷（隧）道围岩拉应力和压应力同时衰减的过程,内部没有损伤产生,整体未产生破裂;在中等载荷下的循环加卸载直墙拱形巷（隧）道围岩应力松弛过程同样呈现出迅速衰减、逐渐衰减和稳定3个演化阶段,随着循环次数的增加总体上呈现应力松弛时间放缓的趋势,最终同样表现为巷（隧）道围岩拉应力和压应力同时衰减的过程;与低载荷下相比,中等载荷下的应力松弛过程变慢,内部有损伤产生,但后续循环未导致围岩破坏;在高载荷下的直墙拱形巷（隧）道围岩呈现拉应力持续增加和压应力持续减小的过程,巷（隧）道持续损伤破裂,侧帮产生层爆,最终形成V型爆坑,整体呈现两次明显爆裂破坏;采用分数阶微积分理论来描述循环加卸载情况下的应力松弛过程,建立了分数阶模型即应... 相似文献
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结合南山下隧洞下穿温福客运专线钱仓山隧道工程,实时监测近距离交叉隧洞爆破施工对既有隧道的振动影响。实测结果表明,（1）迎爆面位置影响既有隧道断面的爆破振动速度分布;震源距离测点大于30 m时,距离是爆破振动的主要影响因素;震源距离测点小于30 m时,主要影响因素则为装药量与距离。（2）岩体越坚硬完整,爆破振动波传播衰减越慢。采用导洞先行预留光面爆破、导洞爆破掏槽眼和周边眼及底板眼分开起爆、控制最大段装药量等措施,可有效地降低爆破振动影响,控制其对钱仓山隧道的影响,对类似工程有借鉴作用。 相似文献
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爆破荷载作用下岩体振动特征的数值模拟 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
根据福建牛头山水电站地基岩体爆破开挖监测,运用离散元方法模拟了节理岩体距爆源不同距离处质点的振动速度和频率的变化特征,由此确定岩体质点最大振动速度和振动主频随爆源距离的衰减规律,并得到了距爆源一定距离处质点最大振动速度和振动主频与爆破药量的关系。数值模拟与现场实测的结果表明,用离散元软件UDEC计算得到的岩体振动特征和衰减规律与现场监测结果是基本符合的,误差在工程应用的允许范围之内,因此UDEC用于对岩体动态响应的数值模拟是适合的。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2021,(4)
为了研究花岗岩在不同温度的多次高温-水冷循环作用下物理力学性质的损伤机制及演化规律,通过对花岗岩开展不同温度下高温-水冷循环试验、单轴抗压强度试验、超声波测试试验,分析研究了相关物理力学参数的变化规律,结果表明:(1)在相同温度作用下,随着高温-水冷循环次数的增加导致岩样内部裂隙的萌生和扩展,表现为花岗岩试样质量损失率的逐渐增加,抗压强度和弹性模量先下降、后小幅上升、最后持续下降。(2)在相同高温-水冷循环次数下,随着温度的增加,花岗岩试样的质量损失不断增加,抗压强度与弹性模量呈持续下降趋势。(3)温度对花岗岩的纵波波速影响较大,随着温度的增加,波速快速下降波幅变得不稳定。(4)温度的升高和高温-水冷循环次数的增加都使花岗岩的损伤程度增大,损伤变量增加。(5)随着温度与高温-水冷循环次数的增加,试样逐渐软化,单轴压缩破坏模式从张拉劈裂破坏向锥形剪切破坏过渡,破坏时表面的裂缝数逐渐增加,400℃之后出现树状裂缝并逐渐贯穿整个表面。可见花岗岩的物理力学性质在高温-水冷循环作用后将发生严重的劣化。 相似文献
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导流隧洞开挖施工的爆破振动监测与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
详细分析了导流隧洞地质条件,结合隧洞的布置特点和现场的施工情况,采用固定测点的方案,对隧洞开挖施工进行了现场监测。分析测试数据发现,质点振动速度具有明显的方向效应,质点朝临空面的振动速度明显大于其他方向。测点和爆点不在同一高程时,当两点的高差与爆心距的比值较大时,“高差效应”引起的质点在不同方向的峰值振动速度差别十分明显,当两点的高差与爆心距的比值较小时,“高差效应”明显减弱。对于高差与爆破振动传播和衰减规律之间的关系,以往的研究提出了一些修正公式,但这些公式均把高差作为一个独立的变量进行考虑,物理意义不甚明确。根据前面的数据分析,考虑高差影响的实际意义并结合无量纲分析,取高差与爆心距的比值作为“高差效应”影响因子,对传统爆破振动波衰减经验公式进行了修正,经过对比分析,修正后的爆破振动波衰减规律公式具有更高的精度。同时,对实际监测中出现的振动速度超过安全控制速度的情况进行了分析,及时调整爆破参数,从而有效地控制了爆破振动破坏效应。其研究成果对指导隧道工程开挖爆破施工和保证坝体及大坝帷幕安全起到了重要作用,保证了该工程爆破施工的顺利完成。 相似文献
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R. L. Yang P. Rocque P. Katsabanis W. F. Bawden 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1994,12(3):169-182
Summary Blast vibration and its attenuation within the rock mass immediately adjacent to a blast hole (2–15 m) were monitored for a blast hole diameter of 100 mm and a 2.4 m column of an emulsion explosive charge. Peak particle velocities calculated from the measured accelerations were compared with predictions from the charge-weight scaling law using typical site parameters which would be adopted for many far-field vibration predictions. It was found that the vibration amplitudes predicted by the conventional charge-weight scaling law are significantly lower than measured values. Strain and strain rates at different monitoring holes were calculated from experimental data. Using attenuation analysis of different frequency bands of measured acceleration signals, it was found that blast vibration attenuation between 2 m and 4 m depended not only on frequency but also on amplitude. A failure wave was postulated based on observations at the monitoring hole 2 m from the blast. A blast damage zone was evaluated using borehole camera and cross hole seismic studies. The damage zone in the rock was also analysed according to acceleration waveforms measured at different monitoring locations. The use of different techniques to measure blast damage provided an accurate assessment of the blast damage volume. 相似文献
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为利于判断巷道围岩在爆破荷载作用下的稳定性及巷道内壁混凝土衬砌的安全,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA分析了巷道钻爆法掘进爆破荷载作用下震动区岩体的动力响应。结果表明,近区岩体内部爆破压力、单元有效应力、质点振动速度随爆心距的衰减规律基本符合萨道夫斯基经验公式,单元有效应力与质点振动速度的衰减规律具有很强的相关性;巷道围岩临空面上的质点振动速度以沿巷道方向的振动速度为主,巷道横截面内垂直临空面方向次之,横截面内沿临空面方向为最小。巷道同一横截面处各质点的振动波形基本相同,拱顶的振动速度峰值比帮部的要大10%左右,拱与帮的连接处振动速度峰值较小。巷道围岩沿巷道方向临空面上质点振动速度衰减规律也基本符合萨道夫斯基公式,以上分析结果对采用钻爆法进行岩巷施工时,控制近区震动区爆破荷载对结构的影响具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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Vivek K. Himanshu M. P. Roy A. K. Mishra Ranjit Kumar Paswan Deepak Panda P. K. Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):460
Excavation of coal, overburden, and mineral deposits by blasting is dominant over the globe to date, although there are certain undesirable effects of blasting which need to be controlled. Blast-induced vibration is one of the major concerns for blast designers as it may lead to structural damage. The empirical method for prediction of blast-induced vibration has been adopted by many researchers in the form of predictor equations. Predictor equations are site specific and indirectly related to physicomechanical and geological properties of rock mass as blast-induced ground vibration is a function of various controllable and uncontrollable parameters. Rock parameters for blasting face and propagation media for blast vibration waves are uncontrollable parameters, whereas blast design parameters like hole diameter, hole depth, column length of explosive charge, total number of blast holes, burden, spacing, explosive charge per delay, total explosive charge in a blasting round, and initiation system are controllable parameters. Optimization of blast design parameters is based on site condition and availability of equipment. Most of the smaller mines have predesigned blasting parameters except explosive charge per delay, total explosive charge, and distance of blast face from surface structures. However, larger opencast mines have variations in blast design parameters for different benches based on strata condition: Multivariate predictor equation is necessary in such case. This paper deals with a case study to establish multivariate predictor equation for Moher and Moher Amlohri Extension opencast mine of India. The multivariate statistical regression approach to establish linear and logarithmic scale relation between variables to predict peak particle velocity (PPV) has been used for this purpose. Blast design has been proposed based on established multivariate regression equation to optimize blast design parameters keeping PPV within legislative limits. 相似文献
14.
Summary
This paper uses the concept of anisotropic damage mechanics to analyze dynamic responses of a granite site under blasting
loads. An anisotropic continuum damage model is suggested to model rock mass behavior under blasting loads. The effects of
existing cracks and joints in the rock mass are considered by using equivalent rock material properties obtained from both
field and laboratory test data. The anisotropic damage accumulations are simulated by continuous degradation of equivalent
material stiffness and strength during loading process and are calculated using the exponential function with respect to the
principal tensile strain in three directions. The suggested models are programmed and linked to an available computer program
Autodyn3D through its user's subroutine capability. Stress wave propagation and damage zone in the rock mass induced by underground
explosions are simulated. Numerical results of damaged area, peak particle velocity and acceleration attenuation as well as
acceleration time histories and Fourier spectra are compared with those from independent field tests. 相似文献
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Umit Ozer Abdulkadir Karadogan Ali Kahriman Mehmet Aksoy 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):711-721
This research was performed on the quarry that will be opened to produce aggregates and rock filling material at Catalagzi region at Zonguldak province in Turkey. However, there are some structures which can be adversely affected by blasting at the quarry. These structures are a methane exploration drill hole and a house at the distances of 340 and 390 m, respectively. One of the main goals of this study is to perform a preliminary assessment of possible damage effect of ground vibrations induced by blasting on these structures by risk analysis based on ground vibration measurements. In order to propose a preliminary blast design models separately for aggregate and rock filling material production, six test shots with different maximum charge per delay were planned and fired at the quarry. In these shots, 90 events were recorded. To predict peak particle velocity (PPV), the relationship between the recorded peak particle velocities and scaled distances were investigated. During this investigation, the data pairs were statistically analyzed and a PPV prediction equation specific to this site with 95% prediction line were obtained. And also, this equation was used in the derivation of the practical blasting charts specific to this site as a practical way of predicting the peak particle velocity and maximum charge per delay for future blasting. A risk analysis was performed by using this equation. In the light of this analysis, preliminary blast design models were proposed to be used in this quarry for aggregate and rock filling material production. 相似文献
16.
青岛为典型花岗岩地区,地铁隧道开挖采用钻爆法。本文首先采用现场实测与统计分析的方法分析了青岛地铁3号线3个工点的隧道爆破监测数据,较为系统地研究了钻爆法施工条件下地表及邻近构筑物的最大振速、主频分布与爆破参数的相关关系,采用线性回归法拟合出包含上述因素的经验公式。采用数值模拟手段,模拟爆破条件下地表及临近建筑物的振动的响应,并将模拟结果与实测数据进行对比,研究主要结论如下:(1)最大振速随比例距离基本呈指数的形式衰减,随着比例距离的增加,最大振速值逐渐减小; (2)爆破引起的振动主频随比例距离分布较为随机,无法建立两者之间的数学模型,主频多在20～70Hz范围内; (3)建筑物内部中三矢量方向上的最大振速均随着楼层的增高呈一定的增加趋势,建筑物外部的地表振速要大于内部质点的速度。 相似文献
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Prediction of ground vibration due to quarry blasting based on gene expression programming: a new model for peak particle velocity prediction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
R Shirani Faradonbeh D Jahed Armaghani M. Z. Abd Majid M. MD Tahir B. Ramesh Murlidhar M. Monjezi H. M. Wong 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(6):1453-1464
Blasting is a widely used technique for rock fragmentation in opencast mines and tunneling projects. Ground vibration is one of the most environmental effects produced by blasting operation. Therefore, the proper prediction of blast-induced ground vibrations is essential to identify safety area of blasting. This paper presents a predictive model based on gene expression programming (GEP) for estimating ground vibration produced by blasting operations conducted in a granite quarry, Malaysia. To achieve this aim, a total number of 102 blasting operations were investigated and relevant blasting parameters were measured. Furthermore, the most influential parameters on ground vibration, i.e., burden-to-spacing ratio, hole depth, stemming, powder factor, maximum charge per delay, and the distance from the blast face were considered and utilized to construct the GEP model. In order to show the capability of GEP model in estimating ground vibration, nonlinear multiple regression (NLMR) technique was also performed using the same datasets. The results demonstrated that the proposed model is able to predict blast-induced ground vibration more accurately than other developed technique. Coefficient of determination values of 0.914 and 0.874 for training and testing datasets of GEP model, respectively show superiority of this model in predicting ground vibration, while these values were obtained as 0.829 and 0.790 for NLMR model. 相似文献
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隧洞开挖重复爆炸荷载作用下围岩累积损伤特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隧洞毫秒爆破开挖推进过程中,预留岩体在重复爆炸荷载作用下产生不可逆的损伤叠加。而现有的岩体爆破损伤数值模拟基本都是针对单孔装药和单段爆破,很少涉及实际工程中的重复爆炸。基于LS-DYNA程序的用户自定义材料接口,将统计损伤演化模型嵌入到弹塑性本构材料中,模拟圆形隧洞全断面毫秒爆破过程中重复爆炸荷载作用下的岩体累积损伤效应,并考虑地应力对岩体爆破损伤的影响。计算结果表明,围岩损伤范围和损伤程度随重复爆炸荷载次数而增加,在一个爆破进尺内,围岩损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度较单段爆破降低了12%;爆炸荷载作用下,围岩主要表现为拉损伤,围岩地应力对爆破张拉效应起到非常敏感的"抑制"作用,在210 MPa应力水平时,围岩爆破累积损伤范围随着应力增加而明显减小,围岩损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度增加24%10 MPa应力水平时,围岩爆破累积损伤范围随着应力增加而明显减小,围岩损伤的临界峰值质点振动速度增加24%57%。 相似文献