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采用了SODA资料,将海面风应力场与大洋各层流场看作一个整体做了赤道外北太平洋风应力和流场异常的联合EOF分析,此时风应力场与各层流场有相同的时间系数,这样就可揭示海气耦合的结构和演变,这是该方法的特点和优点。得到的主要结论有:诊断得到的主模态的风应力异常体现了北太平洋大气活动中心的异常,两者关系密切;在冬、春、秋三季均表征为阿留申低压的异常,在夏季则表征为副热带高压的异常。该主模态的风应力和流场异常均是PDO模态在其上的体现,且前者处海气相互作用中矛盾的主要方面,后者处次要方面,前者起着主动作用,后者则处被动状态。主模态在四季均有明显的年际变化和年代际变化;对北太平洋风场和上层流场而言,年际变化反映了ENSO的影响,而约20a的年代际变化则反映了太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)的影响。主模态中北太平洋海盆尺度的风应力异常、大洋环流异常和上层海温的动力异常这三者具有紧密的联系,这三者的连锁作用则造成了北太平洋SSTA的PDO模态;而在此大洋环流异常则起着关键中介作用。主模态的风应力异常与黑潮系统流场的异常有紧密联系;对于明显的正(负)异常,冬、夏两季135°E以东的黑潮都偏强(弱),黑潮续流则偏弱(强);对于黑潮以南的回流涡旋,冬季则偏强(弱),夏季则偏弱(强);而ENSO和PDO对黑潮流场系统的异常均有明显影响。 相似文献
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太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度气候模态的分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
利用经验正交函数分解、多元线性回归分析、小波分析和离散功率谱等方法,对太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和ENSO的关系进行研究,发现太平洋海温场中主要存在着PDO和ENSO两种气候模态.用线性回归分析方法对这两种模态进行分离,结果表明,去除ENSO信息后,太平洋海温变化的关键区出现于北太平洋中纬度地区,PDO的信号很明显;而去除PDO信息后,海温变化的关键区位于赤道中、东太平洋地区,ENSO的信号较明显,此时ENSO循环不具有年代际振荡的特征,表明PDO对ENSO的调制作用是ENSO事件具有年代际变化特征的重要原因. 相似文献
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冬季北太平洋流场异常主要模态与PDO及NPGO的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用复经验正交函数(EOF)分解和小波分析,对冬季北太平洋上层海流异常进行了统计动力诊断,并讨论了主要模态与北太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)模态和北太平洋环流振荡(NPGO)模态的关系。结果显示,冬季北太平洋上层洋流异常复EOF分解的第一模态是PDO在流场异常上的反映,第二模态则包含了NPGO的明显信息。主要依据有:(1)第一和第二模态的实时间系数序列分别有准20a和准13a的年代际变化周期,与PDO和NPGO模态的年代际变化周期相同;(2)第一和第二模态实时间系数与北太平洋海表面温度异常(SSTA)的回归系数场的空间分布分别与PDO和NPGO模态的空间结构相近。根据第一和第二模态上层洋流异常计算得到的垂直运动异常的分布,与SSTA的PDO和NPGO模态的空间分布类似,表明海盆尺度流场异常造成的垂直运动是形成PDO和NPGO模态的重要原因。 相似文献
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本文从 500百帕高度场、海平面气压场及北太平洋表层海温场对西太平洋部分岛屿10月降水多寡的成因进行了分析。分析表明:该区10月降水多雨年与少雨年在高度场、气压场、海温场上均存有明显差异,其关键区2、8月高度、气压、海温距平和对该区10月降水均有较好的指示性,8月份北赤道西部海流区海温与10月降水也具有较好的相关关系。统计还指出,影响关键区高度、气压和海温变化进而导致10月降水的多寡与西北太平洋海面上的气旋活动有关。 相似文献
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采用复EOF分析方法,对全年热带太平洋海域的上层洋流异常做了统计动力诊断,主要结论有:热带太平洋上层洋流异常复EOF分解第一、二模态的空间场均为赤道所俘获,并在赤道南北方向均呈迅速衰减的态势,其表现为赤道陷波的形式。第一、二模态时间系数为复数,其辐角均集中在两个状态,其模则表示了流场异常的大小。该时间系数均有年际变化和年代际变化,其年际变化的周期均与ENSO相同;在冬季,其年代际变化周期分别与北太平洋主要气候模态PDO和NPGO,以及热带外北太平洋流场异常复EOF分解前两模态的周期相同或相近,这反映了热带与中纬度各大气、海洋系统之间的相互耦合。由各模态流场异常可得相应的垂直运动异常,从而可估计SSTA的动力变化;第一模态在赤道东、西太平洋处呈现东西向的跷跷板变化;第二模态则在西太平洋赤道上以及其北侧的西太平洋暖池处,呈现南北向的跷跷板变化。第一模态的性质为海洋赤道Kelvin波的异常,可称之为ENSO的主要模态;第二模态的性质为海洋混合Rossby-重力惯性波的异常,可称之为ENSO的次要模态。 相似文献
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对北太平洋黑潮末端及黑潮延伸体的流场异常采用复EOF分析,结果发现:该海域流场明显异常在全年四季都主要发生在黑潮末端和黑潮延伸体上,其异常的主要形式在前2个模态均表现为一条由中尺度涡旋组成的涡旋带,带上通常有两两旋转方向相反的涡旋偶。各季第一模态方差贡献表现的季节变化特征与日本以南的黑潮流量相一致,秋季最大,夏季次之。ENSO的机制是副热带太平洋经圈环流与热带太平洋纬向环流系统之间的相互作用,其在各季第一模态的年际变化上均有所反映。冬季PDO在年代际变化上表现明显,其他三季则NPGO表现明显。该海域流场异常的性质是海洋Rossby波的异常,而赤道太平洋流场异常的性质是赤道俘获波的异常,但两者均与风应力异常强迫有关。 相似文献
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中国近海海温年际年代际振荡关键海区分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用HADLEY中心的HadISST的海温资料、NCEP的大气资料、国家气象局发布的74个月平均环流指数和美国华盛顿大学的PDO指数,讨论研究了中国近海海温的年际年代际振荡。通过对我国近海海温的EOF分析,可以发现我国近海30 N附近是海温年际年代际振荡信号最强的关键区,它占了总量的58.2%,与澳大利亚东北沿海海温年代际振荡有相同的周期,最明显周期是44—45年,滞后PDO信号近15年左右。该关键区海温与澳大利亚东北沿海海温都还存在1年、5年和15年的振荡,它们的相关系数达到0.604,属于同一个模态。另外,1年的海温振荡信号除了澳大利亚东北沿岸以外,还沿着西太平洋海岸线分布,因此中国近海海温年际年代际振荡不是一种局地现象,而与太平洋海温变化有关。另外,它是海气相互作用的结果,与中高纬度的东亚大槽和低纬度太平洋印度洋的风场、西太平洋副高和南海副高、大气温度场甚至南半球环流有明显的关系。 相似文献
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北太平洋海洋异常加热主要型及其与海面水温的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文用经验正交函数(EOF)对北太平洋海面加热场进行了分型,讨论了第一和第二特征向量场的时空分布特征,并分析了与北太平洋海温场的关系。结果指出,冬季第一特征向量场以北太平洋中西部和东部的特征值反号为主要特征,夏季则以全区的特征值同号为基本特色。同时指出,在北赤道流和北太平洋海流区,海温的变化对海面加热场主要型有重要影响,尤其在夏、秋季节;在其它海域,无论是冬季还是夏季,两者均无明显的联系。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献