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文章提出了一个四维经验正交函数(4D-EOF)方法,原理是三维经验正交函数(3D-EOF)与扩展经验正交函数(EEOF)简单的组合,此方法不仅提供空间水平分布特征场及其对应的月际变化特征和年际变化特征,而且还提供空间垂直结构特征。利用这个新方法分析东亚季风国际区域模式比较计划(RMIP)MM5V3模拟的1989—1998年10a积分结果———包括中国大部分区域(4941个格点,格距60km)月平均100,500,700,1000hPa4个位势高度场(模拟场)及其距平场;同时分析对应的NCAR/NCEP再分析资料(观测场),进而对比两者检验模式模拟东亚季风气候及其变化能力。对比分析结果表明:对于月平均高度场的第一特征向量场,模式能比较准确地模拟出平均气候场的分布及其垂直相当正压性的结构特征;对于月平均高度距平场第一、二特征向量场,模式对于距平场的模拟也较成功,垂直方向有明显的相当正压性特征;月平均高度场及其距平场相应的月际变化和年际变化特征也在模拟中得到较好的反映。本研究表明:4D-EOF具有综合检验数值模式模拟气候及其变化的能力,而MM5V3模拟20世纪90年代东亚气候及其变化能力是令人满意的。 相似文献
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东亚区域气候变化的长期数值模拟试验 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
文中利用NCAR的中尺度模式MM 5V3对东亚地区进行了 10a的长期积分模拟试验 ,并着重对冬、夏两季东亚区域气候变化特征进行了分析。分析结果表明 :(1)模式能够合理地模拟出 10a冬、夏平均的区域气候特征。模拟的 10a冬季平均降水的分布和强度与实际比较一致 ,对夏季降水分布特征的模拟也比较合理 ,但模拟的夏季华北降水偏多。模式对冬季平均场的模拟要优于对夏季的模拟 ;(2 )模式对降水、地面气温年际变率的模拟较为合理 ,模拟的中高层环流、温度场等要素的距平相关系数都比较高 ;(3)模式对不同ElNi no年对东亚区域气候变化影响的模拟能力有所不同 ,模拟的 1992 ,1995年的结果比较合理 ,但对 1998年模拟得不理想 ;(4)MM5V3模式具备一定的区域气候模拟能力。 相似文献
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半球月平均位势高度场的若干环流指数及其变化特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
给出了表征半球月平均位势高度场性质的若干环流指数：气候场强度Ic、气候异常场平均强度Ia、气候场不稳定度Ius。用NCEP／NCAR40a再分析月平均位势高度场资料作了计算和分析，结果表明，这些环流指数存在清晰的时空结构和北、南半球差异，它们概括地给出了地球大气位势高度场气候及其异常的基本特点。 相似文献
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Regional anomalies of the surface climate over Europe are defined by a simultanous EOF-analysis of the normalized monthly mean sea level pressure, temperature and precipitation fields of 100 winters (December–February, 1887–1986) at 40 stations. The monthly amplitudes of the first EOF (about 25% of the total variance) are used as an index for the monthly winter climate anomaly. They characterize a high (low) pressure cell over central Europe associated with a positive (negative) temperature and precipitation anomaly over northern (central-southern) Europe as indicated by a northward (southward) shift of the tail end of the cross-Atlantic cyclone track. These patterns resemble the phenomenological anticyclonic (cyclonic) Grosswetter classification and the European blocking (enhanced zonal flow) regime. The second EOF is of similar magnitude and gives latitudinal corrections to these two basic flow regimes. The joint probability distribution of both amplitudes shows a weak bimodality mainly associated with the first EOF. Further insight into the underlying physical processes of the climate anomaly patterns in Europe is obtained from the extended Eliassen-Palm flux diagnostics of the barotropic transient eddy-mean flow interaction (Hoskins et al. 1983) and the stationary wave propagation (Plumb 1985). The diagnostics confined to the barotropic components and applied to the regression and the composite anomaly fields of the transient and stationary eddy flows of the 500 hPa geopotential (1946–87, north of 20°N) leads to the following results: (1) The bandpass filtered transient eddy variances of the 500 hPa geopotential show a shift of the cross-Atlantic storm track: In high (low) pressure situations over Europe the cross-Atlantic storm track intensity is enhanced (reduced) and its tail end is shifted northward (remains zonal); the North Pacific storm track extends further (less) eastward and thus closer to the west coast of North America. (2) The extreme high pressure system over Europe tends to be supported by an anomalous transient eddy forcing of the mean flow stream-function: it enhances the zonal wind to its north and generates anticyclonic vorticity about 10° upstream from its center. In the low pressure composite the anomalous cyclonic vorticity is generated reducing the zonal flow to its north. (3) The occurrence (lack) of a strong eastward stationary wave activity flux over the Atlantic is associated with the high (low) pressure situations over Europe. Finally, a positive feedback is conjectured between the stationary wavetrain modifying the tail end of the cross-Atlantic storm track and the transient eddies intensifying this anomaly. 相似文献
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华东高温期的大气环流特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面气象站点资料,对1951—2005年华东高温日数较多（少）月和高温过程各阶段的500 hPa位势高度、850 hPa温度和相对湿度及700 hPa垂直速度的环流特征进行对比分析。结果表明：在高温日数较多月,副高西伸,850 hPa温度较高而相对湿度较低,华东中南部下沉气流明显,华东多为位势高度、温度和垂直速度正距平及相对湿度负距平;而在高温日数较少月,副高东退,850 hPa温度较低而相对湿度较高,整个华东为上升气流,并为位势高度、温度和垂直速度负距平及相对湿度正距平。与高温前期和衰退期相比,高温盛期副高北抬西进,华东850 hPa温度较高而相对湿度较低,华东南部下沉气流强盛,各要素距平值增加,多数要素距平中心移向华东或其周边。高温间断期则比盛期各要素距平减弱。大气环流要素场及其距平场的变动可以作为预报华东7—8月高温日数多寡和高温进程的参考依据。 相似文献
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动力延伸预报产品在广西月尺度降水滚动预测中的释用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对广西88个站全年各旬月尺度降水距平百分率作自然正交展开(EOF分解),选取累积方差贡献接近75%的前几个主成分为预报量.利用1982年至今的国家气候中心月动力延伸集合预报资料或回算实验资料,从月尺度平均500hPa位势高度、700hPaU、V向水平风速延伸预报场中选取初选预报因子,并运用EOF分解构建成综合预报因子,分别选取其中与各个预报分量相关程度高的主成分建立预报方程,滚动制作广西月尺度降水量预报.91个独立样本试验和实际应用证明,预报效果较好. 相似文献
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北半球月平均环流异常年际演变的准周期特征及跃变现象 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用一种时空综合的经验正交函数（EOF）方法,分析了北半球100,500和700hPa3层1和7月的平均高度距平场,得到了反映北半球月平均环流异常三维空间结构的特征向量场及其对应的时间系数。利用功率谱和最大熵谱分析,并引入“气候跃变”的概念研究了时间系数年际演变的特征。结果表明：北半球月平均环流异常年际演变的过程具有准周期特征及不连续的跃变现象。 相似文献
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Summary Due to the strong variation of the Asian monsoon, many countries in Asia often suffer from serious natural disasters. Droughts and floods appear in East China frequently related to the large anomalies of the two branches of East Asian monsoon. Based on rainfall data recorded by 336 Chinese stations in the 1980s, two distinctly opposite rainfall types over East China in summer (JJA) are discovered. Correspondly, 850 hPa anomalous wind fields in the Eastern Hemisphere are also possessed by two types of converse patterns in spring (MAM) and summer (JJA). The onset time and intensity of the Somali jet and the two branches of Southeast and Indian monsoon are quite different. Furthermore, in the 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly fields in spring and summer, the variations of the previous general atmospheric circulation (in spring) are closely correlated to the two kinds of conversely distributed rainfall in summer. These two types of rainfall are also related to two types of conversely distributed sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans. To investigate model capabilities refelecting the above observed features, eight numerical experiments are carried out using the IAP 2-L AGCM, with observed monthly mean global SSTs as external forcing and observed atmospheric data on February 15 as initial conditions. The simulated distributions of rainfall anomalies over East China in summer are in good accordance with observations. With conversely distributed SSTAs in the equatorial Pacific, the simulated 850 hPa anomalous wind fields and the 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies are also conversely distributed, and are closely related to the two types of simulated rainfall anomalies over East China. The cross equatorial wind varies in strength, space and time. The simulated distributions of anomalous 500 hPa geopotential height in spring and the anomalous wind at 850 hPa in spring and summer are quite similar to observations.With 10 Figures 相似文献
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气候系统模式输出结果是当前开展气候预测业务的重要参考依据之一,如何提高气候系统模式输出结果的可信度是改进气候业务预测能力的关键之一。利用1999—2010年NCEP CFSv2模式每日四次预测未来45天的回算数据,分析了集合样本数对模式预测能力的影响。分析结果表明,模式对月平均500 hPa位势高度的预测技巧在热带地区较高,而中高纬度地区较低;模式对500 hPa位势高度时间异常的预测能力优于空间异常。无论是空间异常还是时间异常,随着模式超前时间的增加,预测技巧均逐渐降低,但是在不同区域和不同月份,模式预测技巧随超前时间的变化存在差异。此外,模式预测技巧存在非常大的年际变率。增加集合样本数,对不同月份和不同起报时间预测技巧的稳定度和预测技巧值均有明显正效果,特别是对亚洲中纬度地区改善度较大。增加集合样本数也可以在一定程度上降低模式预测技巧年际变率。集合样本数增加对于500 hPa位势高度空间异常的改进优于时间异常。 相似文献
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采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和T63谱模式月动力延伸预报产品资料,对200、500hPa高度场及200hPa、700hPaU、V风场进行相关系数、距平、距平同号率、距平相关系数的分析,得出如下结论:月动力延伸预报产品对极涡、南亚高压、副热带高压预报能力较强,夏季副热带系统预报偏强,西风带系统预报偏弱;冬季西风带系统预报偏强,副热带系统预报偏弱。西风带和副热带系统的距平误差基本反映出影响我国年季气候变化主导系统的进退及预报误差。 相似文献
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欧洲冬季５００ｈＰａ环流异常及与中国气候异常的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用中国160气象站月平均降水和气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,采用EOF分析等方法,研究了冬季欧洲500 hPa高度异常的变化特征及其与中国气候的关系.结果表明:(1)EOF第1模态主要反映了欧洲东部大槽和西欧脊的空间变化特征,定义了主模态的两种异常型:西高东低型和西低东高型;(2)主模态时间系数与40°N以南中国中东部一直到华南地区的降水呈显著正相关关系,而与中国东北、内蒙古中东部以及长江下游沿海的气温呈显著正相关关系;(3)西高东低异常型年,有利于欧洲中高纬冷空气向中国南方地区传输,不利于向中国北方地区传输;有利于孟加拉湾水汽向中国华南地区输送,也有利于西北太平洋水汽向中国东部以及北方输送;欧亚高纬度高压系统减弱,而西北太平洋海面低压系统减弱,东亚冬季风减弱;反之亦然. 相似文献
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PREDICTABILITY LEVELS OF MONTHLY FORECAST BASED ON TIME-AVERAGED OCEAN/ATMOSPHERE VARIABLES —A NATURALLY OCCURRING ANALOGUE STUDY 
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下载免费PDF全文 Naturally occurring analogues between the monthly averaged data of 1000,500 and 100 hPa geopotential height and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific,Atlantic and Indian Oceans during the period January 1956-December 1972 are used to study the potential predictability levels of forecasting the monthly mean ocean/atmosphere variables.It is found that in the ocean-atmosphere system the forecast of geopotential height may be more difficult than SST,and that the predictability level of monthly mean geopotential height anomaly calculated from the corresponding monthly mean SST appears relatively poor,but it can be improved by using the past observational data of monthly mean SST/geopotential fields. 相似文献
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The study examined effects of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) off the east coast of Japan on the blocking high over the Okhotsk Sea in June by diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, based on 500-hPa geopotential height fields, the Okhotsk high index (OKHI) for June from 1951 to 2000 is calculated and analyzed. The result indicates that the OKHI has obvious inter-annual and inter-decadal variations, and there are 9 yr of high OKHI and 8 yr of low OKHI in 50 yr. Secondly, by using the OKHI, the relationship between the Okhotsk high and the 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly is investigated. The results indicate that the "+-+" pattern of geopotential height anomaly crossing Eurasia in the mid-high latitudes and the "+-" pattern of geopotential height anomaly from high to low latitudes over East Asia are in favor of the formation and maintenance of the Okhotsk high. The relationship between the OKHI and the SSTA over the North Pacific is investigated in early summer by using correlation and composite analysis. We found that when the blocking circulation over the Okhotsk Sea occurs, there is an obvious negative SSTA off the east coast of Japan in early summer. We simulated the effects of the negative SSTA of east coast of Japan on the atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia through the control and sensitivity experiments using NCAR CAM3 model in order to confirm our analysis results. The simulation shows that the negative SSTA off the east coast of Japan results in the significant positive 40 gpm 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly over the Okhotsk Sea and the negative anomalies off the east coast of Japan which might contribute to the formation and development of the Okhotsk high in June. 相似文献
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A 10-yr regional climate simulation was performed using the fifth-generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 3 (MM5V3) driven by large-scale NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Simulations of winter and summer mean regional climate features were examined against observations. The results showed that the model could well simulate the 10-yr winter and summer mean circulation, temperature, and moisture transport at middle and low levels. The simulated winter and summer mean sea level pressure agreed with the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data. The model could well simulate the distribution and intensity of winter mean precipitation rates as well as the distribution of summer mean precipitation rates, but it overestimated the summer mean precipitation over North China. The model's ability to simulate the regional climate change in winter was superior to that in summer. In addition, the model could simulate the inter-annual variation of seasonal precipitation and surface air temperature. Geopotential heights and temperature at middle and high levels between simulations and observations exhibited high anomaly correlation coefficients. The model also showed large variability to simulate the regional climate change associated with the El Nino events. The MM5V3 well simulated the anomalies of summer mean precipitation in 1992 and 1995, while it demonstrated much less ability to simulate that in 1998. Generally speaking, the MM5V3 is capable of simulating the regional climate change, and could be used for long-term regional climate simulation. 相似文献
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北方雨季中国东部降水异常模态的环流特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据1958～2011年中国东部（105°E以东）316站逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,利用统计分析、物理量诊断等方法,探讨北方雨季（7月11日至8月31日）中国东部降水异常模态及同期、前期的大气环流特征。分析发现,北方雨季中国东部降水异常表现为三个相互独立的降水模态:第一模态为偏西型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,河套地区降水偏多（少）,江淮流域上游降水偏少（多）,南方大部降水偏多（少）;第二模态为北方一致型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,北方降水一致偏多（少）,长江流域降水偏少（多）;第三模态为偏东型,当其时间系数为正（负）时,东北南部至长江中游降水偏多（少）,华东沿海降水偏少（多）。研究发现,造成北方雨季三个降水异常模态的环流特征各不相同:偏西型降水主要受西亚高空副热带西风急流位置南北偏移影响;北方一致型降水主要由东亚-太平洋遥相关波列导致;偏东型降水主要与海陆气压异常对比造成的东亚夏季风变化有关。此外,三个模态与前期环流异常有密切联系。第一模态的正（负）异常由7月上旬200 hPa来自北大西洋的异常波列造成乌拉尔山位势高度负（正）异常和巴尔喀什湖以南位势高度正（负）异常引起。第二模态的正（负）异常与前期7月上旬200 hPa北大西洋上位势高度负（正）异常产生的沿中纬度（高纬度）路径向下游传播的波列有关。第三模态的正（负）异常由春季3月份低层蒙古上空异常的气旋（反气旋）持续至同期造成。 相似文献
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Mid-latitude atmospheric responses to heat and vorticity forcing using a linear baroclinic model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on diagnostic analysis of reanalysis data for 58-year, the distribution characteristics of decadal variability in diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing related to the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Pacific, as well as their relationship with anomalous atmospheric circulation have been investigated in this paper. A linear baroclinic model(LBM) was used to investigate atmospheric responses to idealized and realistic heat and vorticity forcing anomalies, and then to compare relative roles of different kinds of forcing in terms of geopotential height responses. The results illustrate that the responses of atmospheric height fields to the mid-latitude heating can be either baroclinic or barotropic. The response structure is sensitive to the relative horizontal location of heating with respect to the background jet flow, as well as to the vertical profile of heating. The response to the idealized deep heating over the eastern North Pacific, mimicking the observed heating anomaly, is baroclinic. The atmospheric response to the mid-latitude vorticity forcing is always barotropic, resulting in a geopotential low that is in phase with the forcing. The atmospheric responses to the realistic heat and vorticity forcing show the similar results, suggesting that diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing can all cause atmospheric anomalies and that the vorticity forcing plays a relatively more important role in maintaining the equivalent-barotropic structure of geopotential height anomalies. 相似文献
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利用1991-2017年BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式模拟数据和NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,评估了BCC_CSM1.1（m）对初夏东北冷涡的模拟能力。结果表明：BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式可以对500 hPa位势高度场气候态进行模拟,均方根误差显示该模式对中国东北南部地区500 hPa位势高度场的模拟要优于东北北部地区。EOF第一模态结果显示,该模式可以较好地模拟出500 hPa位势高度场的主要时空变化特征。BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够模拟出近27 a东北冷涡指数的上升趋势和年际变化,但模拟的上升趋势较实况偏强,年际变率较实况偏弱。BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够模拟出东北冷涡指数的年代际突变,但是对突变开始时间的模拟较实况偏晚。BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够模拟出东北冷涡指数和500 hPa位势高度场在东北及其附近地区的显著正相关,不能模拟出东北冷涡指数与东北初夏降水之间的显著负相关。此外,模式东北冷涡指数对东北初夏降水的预测能力十分有限。 相似文献