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利用1961—2007年雷州半岛的逐日降水资料,采用季节无雨日数作为划分干旱的指标,对雷州半岛的干旱特征进行了分析;利用NCAR/NCEP再分析逐月资料,采用合成方法,对干旱年份环流背景进行了研究。结果表明:雷州半岛干旱南部比北部严重,全区旱(涝)型是主要的分布型态;西太平洋副高脊线偏北造成的华南较强的偏南风和东亚大槽偏弱直接影响雷州半岛春季降水偏少;夏季阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾及南海的海温偏高,海陆热力差异偏弱引起东亚、南亚西南季风减弱,导致雷州半岛易旱,热带气旋路径偏东也是导致雷州半岛夏旱的诱因;秋季亚洲大陆气压场异常偏高,导致向华南水汽输送减少,造成雷州半岛易旱;雷州半岛冬旱发生与东亚冬季风异常偏弱/El Nio事件有密切联系,一般来说,El Nio成熟的当年冬季雷州半岛易发生干旱。 相似文献
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雷州半岛云雨气候特征及人工增雨潜力的初步分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
引 言 雷州半岛位于我国大陆最南端,地处热带北缘,与海南岛隔琼州海峡相望。半岛南北长约１５０ｋｍ,东西宽４０～６０ｋｍ,地形以海拔１００ｍ以下的台地为主。该地区是广东的重春旱区之一,几乎年年有旱,严重旱年出现频率较高,平均每１０年有４～７年为重旱年。严重的春旱对当地的农业生产及社会活动影响很大。能否通过人工增雨作业解决这个问题？有多大的潜力可挖？本文分析了雷州半岛３０年（１９６１～１９９０）的云、雨气候特征,对其人工增雨潜力进行了初步分析。１ 云雨气候特征及人工增雨潜力分析 以遂溪、海康、徐… 相似文献
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雷州半岛雷暴发生频次变化特征及其与作物布局调整的相关分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了探究雷州半岛作物布局调整对雷暴发生的可能影响,以达到趋利避害,利用相关分析、11种模型拟合和全变量回归分析等数理统计方法进行了分析和研究。结果表明：雷州半岛年雷暴日数总的变化趋势是明显下降,一年四季均有雷暴天气,午后热雷雨占雷暴天气的大多数,其中5～9月雷暴日数最多,开雷、收雷年际变化差异大。随着稻田的减少,糖蔗、水果种植面积的增加,雷州半岛植被结构得到改善,雷暴天数呈明显减少趋势;蔬菜的种植改变了冬季闲田植被性质,不利于冬初、春末雷暴天气的生成;花生种植面积的调整对雷暴天数变化影响不大。雷州半岛水稻、糖蔗、水果、蔬菜等主要农作物布局调整对雷暴发生可能有明显的影响,主要农作物对雷暴天数可能影响从大到小依次为糖蔗、水稻、蔬菜和水果,农作物布局调整对年开雷、收雷的迟早没有影响。 相似文献
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利用ERA5再分析资料,区域自动站雨量资料以及双偏振雷达基数据,采用区域历史回归方法,对2020年7月4日雷州半岛火箭人工增雨作业进行物理检验和统计检验。结果表明:作业后作业区域云系云冰含量大幅增加,强回波区面积增大,回波顶高度升高,平均回波强度显著增加。选取1971—2000年作业影响区和对比区逐年7月的平均日降水量资料作为历史样本建立回归公式,结合作业当天区域自动站的雨量资料,计算得出日降水量和作业后3 h累积降水量的绝对增雨量分别为11.07 mm和2.32 mm,相对增雨率分别为51.08%和38.73%,均通过了置信水平为α=0.05显著性检验。因此,雷州半岛开展人工增雨作业对缓解气象干旱,满足水库蓄水等有重要意义。 相似文献
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1980年第7号强台风于7月22日20时在雷州半岛的徐闻县登陆。登陆时台风中心附近最大风力12级以上,中心最低气压960毫巴。该台风具有强度强、范围广、移速快的特点。台风登陆时正值雷州半岛东岸涨潮,天文潮汐加上台风增水,使雷州半岛遭受历史上罕见的特大海潮的袭击。 相似文献
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基于REOF分析的广东前汛期降水趋势的区域特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用旋转经验正交展开(REOF)方法,对广东48站前汛期降水标准化距平场进行客观分区,在此基础上对各区区域平均前汛期降水的长期演变趋势进行了讨论。结果表明:广东省前汛期降水量场可以划分为4个区域,即粤东区、粤中区、粤西北区以及雷州半岛区。该4区前汛期降水量线性趋势不显著,年代际变化特征明显。进入21世纪以来,除雷州半岛区降水持续减少外,其余各区出现明显增加。而20世纪90年代以来粤东区和粤中区旱涝发生更为频繁。 相似文献
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我国近30年龙卷风研究进展 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
从3方面总结了龙卷风研究成果:①研究概况,最初的龙卷风灾后调查到开展天气气候特征分析至近年来开展龙卷风本体结构、产生机制的探讨,获得了丰硕成果;②研究方法提高,从事实调查到利用统计方法,从利用台站常规观测资料到运用卫星、多普勒雷达、风廓线仪等非常规资料开展分析,近年数值模式WRF、ARPS等也被用来研究龙卷风,研究的方法手段不断得到改进;③龙卷风研究、预报面临的困难和未来展望。 相似文献
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城市气象研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国数十年来在城市气象研究这一新兴学科领域开展了大量研究并获得了多方面的丰硕成果。文中从城市气象观测网与观测试验、城市气象多尺度模式、城市气象与大气环境相互影响、城市化对天气气候的影响等4个方面论述了城市气象的主要研究进展:中国各大城市已建立或正在完善具有多平台、多变量、多尺度、多重链接、多功能等特点的城市气象综合观测网;北京、南京、上海等地开展了大型城市气象观测科学试验,被世界气象组织列入研究示范项目;成功开展了风洞实验、缩尺度外场实验研究;建立了多尺度城市气象和空气质量预报数值模式,并应用于业务;在城市热岛效应、城市对降水影响、城市气象与城市规划、城市化对区域气候及空气质量的影响、城市气象与大气环境相互作用等研究领域取得长足进展。最后指出,未来需要重点从新观测技术及观测资料同化应用、城市系统模式研究、城市化对天气气候的影响机理、城市化对大气环境和人体健康的影响、城市水文气象气候与环境综合服务等方面开展科学研究与应用,为中国城市化、生态文明建设、防灾减灾和应对气候变化等国家需求提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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近年来，我国政府和科技界十分关注气候王馥棠变暖对我国经济发展可能影响的评估, 开展了许多重大项目和课题的研究。该文仅就气候变暖对我国自然植被、农业、森林、水资源、能源利用和区域海平面上升等领域影响评估研究的若干有意义的初步结果简要归纳和评述如下:取自不同GCM模型的未来气候变化情景下的影响评估模拟表明，我国的特征性自然植被类型将会发生明显的变化。同当前气候（1951~1980年）下的模拟分布相比，到2050年我国几乎所有地方的农业种植制度均将发生较大变化；气候变暖将导致复种指数增加和种植方式多样化，但降水与蒸散之间可能出现的负平衡和土壤水分胁迫的增加以及生育期的可能缩短，最终将导致我国主要作物的产量下降。气候变暖对我国水资源最明显的影响将会发生在黄淮海流域，这个区域的水资源供需短缺将大大提高。同时，气候变暖将改变我国室内取暖和降温的能源需求关系:北方冬季取暖的能源消耗将减少, 而南方夏季降温的能源消耗将会增加。海平面的上升将使我国三个主要沿海低洼脆弱区，即珠江三角洲、长江三角洲和黄河三角洲，面临部分遭受海水淹没的威胁。 相似文献
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本文利用四川地区1961~2016年141个气象站降水资料,分析了四川地区四季夜间和白天降水时空变化分布特征,结果表明:(1)四季夜间降水量占总降水量超过60%和夜间降水次数占总降水次数50%以上的区域分布相似且占四川大部分地区,盆地西部沿山地带以及川东南部分地区四季的夜间降水量和降水次数比值皆较大,攀西地区和川西高原部分地区在多数季节比值也相对较大,而川东北四季的夜间降水同白天降水基本相当。(2)四季的昼夜降水量、春季昼夜以及冬季白天的降水次数的气候趋势系数总体呈现为以盆地西部沿山边缘为分界,川西增加川东减少,增加和减少趋势的分布范围在不同季节有所增减;夏季和秋季的昼夜以及冬季夜间的降水次数除了高原部分地区为弱增加趋势外,四川地区整体表现为减少趋势,且秋季整个降水次数在四川东部以及攀西地区通过99%显著性检验水平。(3)整个四川地区白天和夜间降水次数呈线性减少而降水量在白天和夜间不同季节增减趋势不一致;总的来说,四季夜间降水的年代际变化较白天相对更明显,不同季节昼夜降水在不同年代的线性增减表现不一致,但秋季夜间和白天降水量和降水次数基本在2000年左右之前为线性减少趋势,之后为增加。 相似文献
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Trends in Temperature Extremes in Association with Weather-Intraseasonal Fluctuations in Eastern China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Trends in the frequencies of four temperature extremes (the occurrence of warm days, cold days, warm nights and cold nights) with respect to a modulated annual cycle (MAC), and those associated exclusively with weather-intraseasonal fluctuations (WIF) in eastern China were investigated based on an updated homogenized daily maximum and minimum temperature dataset for 1960–2008. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method was used to isolate the WIF, MAC, and longer-term components from the temperature series. The annual, winter and summer occurrences of warm (cold) nights were found to have increased (decreased) significantly almost everywhere, while those of warm (cold) days have increased (decreased) in northern China (north of 40°N). However, the four temperature extremes associated exclusively with WIF for winter have decreased almost everywhere, while those for summer have decreased in the north but increased in the south. These characteristics agree with changes in the amplitude of WIF. In particular, winter WIF of maximum temperature tended to weaken almost everywhere, especially in eastern coastal areas (by 10%–20%); summer WIF tended to intensify in southern China by 10%–20%. It is notable that in northern China, the occurrence of warm days has increased, even where that associated with WIF has decreased significantly. This suggests that the recent increasing frequency of warm extremes is due to a considerable rise in the mean temperature level, which surpasses the effect of the weakening weather fluctuations in northern China. 相似文献
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Recent advances in monsoon studies in China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This review provides a synopsis of the major progress that has been made in monsoon studies in China and to further bridge the gap between the Chinese and international meteorological community. It consists of seven major sections. After the introduction, the second section begins with the global monsoon systems and their seasonal variation, based on some new methods proposed in recent years. Besides, some major intraseasonal features of East Asian monsoon, including the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon are discussed. In the third section, we review the interactions between ENSO and the East Asian monsoon, focusing in particular on the results of Chinese meteorologists that indicate the influence of ENSO on the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) is obviously different from that on the tropical monsoon. Besides the tropical Pacific,other ocean basins, such as the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, are also important to the East Asian monsoon, and this topic is discussed in the fourth section. In the fifth section, we address the role of land surface processes in East Asian monsoon. For example, we describe work that has shown more snow cover in spring on the Tibetan Plateau is followed by a weakened EASM and more summer rainfall in the Yangtze River valleys. The sixth section focuses on the influence of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere(SH) on EASM, demonstrating how the signal from the SH is likely to provide new clues for the seasonal forecasting of summer rainfall in China. Finally, in the seventh section, we concentrate on the interdecadal variations of EASM. In particular, we look at a significant interdecadal variation that occurred at the end of the 1970 s, and how our understanding of this feature could affect forecasting ability. 相似文献
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由于全球变暖,极地地区的气候经历了明显的变暖放大.在本项研究中,我们根据CMIP6模式的三种变暖情景(SSP1-2,6,SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5)下,极地放大变化对各个反馈机制(包括普朗克,温度递减率,云,水蒸气,反照率反馈,CO2强迫,海洋热吸收和大气热传输)的响应进行了分析.结果表明,通过用“辐射核”方法量化不同反馈机制对地表温度的增温贡献,北极放大(AA)强于南极放大(ANA),由温度递减率反馈主导,其次是反照率和普朗克反馈.此外,海洋的热吸收导致冬季比夏季有更强的极地变暖.在冬季,温度递减率反馈主导了AA大于ANA.AA和ANA的模式间差异随着全球变暖的增强而减小. 相似文献
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The impacts of urban surface expansion on the summer precipitations over three city clusters [Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD)] in eastern China under different monsoonal circulation backgrounds were explored using the nested fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model version 3.7 (MM5 V3.7), including the urban-related thermal and dynamical parameters. Ten-year integrations were performed using satellite image data from 2000 and 2010 to represent the urban surface distributions and expansions in China. Changes in the precipitation revealed obvious subregional characteristics, which could be explained by the influences of the vertical wind velocity and moisture flux. With urban-related warming, vertical wind motion generally intensified over urban surface-expanded areas. Meanwhile, the increase in impervious surface areas induced rapid rainwater runoff into drains, and the Bowen ratio increased over urban areas, which further contributed to changes in the local moisture fluxes in these regions. The intensities of the changes in precipitation were inconsistent over the three city clusters, although the changes in vertical motion and local evaporation were similar, which indicates that the changes in precipitation cannot be solely explained by the changes in the local evaporation-related moisture flux. The changes in precipitation were also influenced by the changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation and the corresponding moisture flux, which are expressed in marked subregional characteristics. Therefore, the influence of urban-related precipitation over the three city clusters in China, for which changes in moisture flux from both the impacted local evaporation and EASM circulation should be considered, varied based on the precipitation changes of only a single city. 相似文献
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A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events. In this study, we examine the temporal and spatial variations in both PM_1 and its major chemical constituents using three-year field measurements that were collected in six representative regions in China between 2012 and 2014. Our results show that both PM_1 and its chemical compositions varied significantly in space and time, with high PM_1 loadings mainly observed in the winter. By comparing chemical constituents between clean and polluted episodes, we find that the elevated PM_1 mass concentration during pollution events should be largely attributable to significant increases in organic matter(OM) and inorganic aerosols like sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA),indicative of the critical role of primary emissions and secondary aerosols in elevating PM_1 pollution levels. The ratios of PM_1/PM_(2.5) are found to be generally high in Shanghai and Guangzhou, while relatively low ratios are seen in Xi'an and Chengdu, indicating anthropogenic emissions were more likely to accumulate in forms of finer particles. With respect to the relative importance of chemical components and meteorological factors quantified via statistical modeling practices, we find that primary emissions and secondary aerosols were the two leading factors contributing to PM_1 variations, though meteorological factors also played important roles in regulating the dispersion of atmospheric PM. 相似文献
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利用河南省103个气象站的降水量和各省辖市的水资源资料,分析了河南省1956-2007年降水和水资源变化特点,对降水资源量和水资源量进行了丰枯评估;分别采用线性相关法和产水系数法以降水量估算水资源量,并对估算效果进行了对比分析。结果表明：1) 52年来河南省年降水资源量呈不明显的减少趋势,减少速率为2.32亿m3/10a;省内不同区域降水资源量的变化趋势不太一致,豫北、豫西和豫中为减少趋势,豫东、豫西南和豫南呈不同程度的增加趋势。2) 52年来全省水资源总量呈减少趋势,减少速率为10.85亿m3/10a,大于降水资源量的减少速率,省内各区域水资源量均呈弱减少趋势,减少速率为豫西最大,豫北次之,豫中最少;全省水资源总量的年代际变化特点与降水资源量基本一致。3) 水资源总量与降水量关系密切,用年降水量估算水资源总量,平均相对误差为10%～22%;将线性相关法和产水系数法两种估算模式分别用于不同丰枯程度年景的估算,可减小估算误差。 相似文献