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1.
在依兰地区原黑龙江群中发现了一套火山碎屑岩,它由岩屑和细粒的火山碎屑物组成,岩屑呈透镜状、焰舌状等,细粒火山碎屑物发生了强烈变形.二者矿物组成相似,均由钠质闪石、钠长石、绿帘石以及少量绿泥石组成,但各矿物含量及特征差别较大.火山碎屑岩岩屑的地球化学特征表明,岩屑为碱性玄武岩,LREE/HREE=3.87～4.24,(La/Yb)<,N=7.20～8.12,Eu*/Eu=1.03～1.09,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型.岩屑微量元素与MORB相比,富集Sr、K、Rb、Ba等不相容元素,Yb含量略低于MORB,初步确定岩屑为形成于大洋板内洋岛环境的碱性玄武岩.在岩浆喷出尚未完全凝固之前,大洋板块内的热点再次活动,早期形成的碱性玄武岩破碎,形成塑性-半塑性岩屑,并被火山碎屑物胶结,它们为大洋板内"轴外火山作用"形成的洋岛型火山碎屑岩.这一发现为恢复该地区的古构造环境、确定原黑龙江群的构造属性提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

2.
苏尼特左旗达来苏木地区位于中亚造山带东南部,索伦缝合带之北,发育特征性的下泥盆统敖包亭浑迪组变火山-沉积岩系。这套地层主要由安山岩、凝灰质砂岩、砂岩、粉砂岩以及火山碎屑岩等组成,磨圆度较差,具有近源沉积特征。地球化学分析结果显示,砂岩的SiO_2和K_2O含量中等,Na_2O含量较高,Fe_2O_3和MgO含量较低;微量元素蛛网图呈右倾型,含量和变化趋势与上地壳相似;稀土元素配分特征显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,(La/Yb)N平均为6.44,负Eu异常明显(Eu/Eu*平均为0.72)。综上并结合区域分析显示砂岩形成于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,源岩主要为英安岩和部分安山岩,进而推测在早泥盆世古亚洲洋仍处于向北俯冲的构造环境,敖包亭浑迪组的物源应主要为北部的乌里雅苏台地区上地壳长英质岩系。  相似文献   

3.
海拉尔盆地乌南凹陷南一段时期断裂和火山作用强烈, 导致岩石碎屑组成具有多样性。碎屑成分有火山碎屑、变质岩碎屑和其他剥蚀碎屑。碎屑多样性使本区岩性及其分区具有鲜明的特色。岩性丰度、矿物组合、阴极发光及其重矿物组合研究显示, 区内存在4个单岩性区和2个混合区。单岩性区是变质岩碎屑岩区、火山碎屑沉积岩区、熔结火山碎屑岩区和火山碎屑岩区。根据岩石中各碎屑组成的体积分数可将混合区分为正常沉积碎屑占优势的混合区和火山碎屑占优势的混合区。各单岩性区与构造单元相符合, 变质岩碎屑岩区对应乌西断阶带, 火山碎屑沉积岩区和熔结火山碎屑岩区对应巴彦塔拉构造带, 火山碎屑岩区为乌东弧形构造带的一部分。地球化学数据显示本区源岩岩浆属于壳源花岗质岩浆, 同时受到明显的幔源岩浆影响, 重稀土较富集。乌西断阶带具有高的稀土总量和不明显的Eu负异常, 变质源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度高;巴彦塔拉构造带具有低的稀土总量和明显的Eu负异常, 源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度中等;乌东弧形构造带具有高的稀土总量和明显的Eu负异常, 源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度低。Dickinson图解显示, 乌东弧形构造带源区没有深切割, 而巴彦塔拉构造带源区经过了深切割。德尔布干断裂的正滑移导致嵯岗构造片麻岩发育和嵯岗隆起相对隆升, 为乌西断阶带提供变质碎屑沉积物, 形成扇三角洲沉积体系;同时断裂又为幔源岩浆的上升提供了通道。巴彦塔拉断裂的伸展走滑使得幔源岩浆上升发生壳幔混染并发生火山喷发, 在巴彦塔拉构造带发育熔结火山碎屑岩-火山碎屑沉积岩, 塑造了火山碎屑扇三角洲沉积体系。巴彦山隆起区壳幔混染程度低, 但幔源岩浆的底垫作用导致壳源岩浆的强结晶分异作用、火山活动和地表隆升, 在乌东弧形构造带发育火山碎屑岩, 塑造了火山碎屑三角洲沉积体系。  相似文献   

4.
皖赣相邻的鄣公山地区位于江南造山带东段北缘,区内广布一套厚度巨大、低绿片岩相变质的以泥砂质细碎屑岩为主含少量火山物质的复理石建造体,大量高精度同位素测年数据显示,其形成于822～850 Ma的新元古代.其以斜切本区的景德镇—江潭构造带为界,南部为溪口岩群,北部属双桥山群,二者REE、高场强元素(HFSE),如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf及Nd同位素等具有相似的变化特征,显示区内浅变质碎屑岩具相同或相近的“原始”地壳物质组成特征;(La/Yb)N=4.66～13.63,6 Eu=0.09～0.3,(Gd/Yb) N=1.22～1.66,表明区内浅变质碎屑岩物源主要来自长英质岩石组成的后太古宙上地壳.碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中在826～2600Ma,并出现显著的5个峰值,大致为2500Ma,2000～2200Ma,1800Ma,960Ma,827～841Ma,其中以年轻碎屑锆石占绝对多数,大量的年轻碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与碎屑岩密切共生的火山岩夹层年龄相近,反映浅变质碎屑岩物质主要来源于同时代火成岩类.溪口岩群和双桥山群浅变质碎屑岩大离子亲石元素(LILE) Rb、Cs、Sr、Ba、Th等含量及其相关比值、Sr同位素特征等存在一定差异,可能意味着溪口岩群和双桥山群碎屑岩在成岩过程中经历了不同的地质构造演化.区内浅变质火山-陆缘细碎屑岩形成于与板块构造体制相关构造-沉积环境,溪口岩群显示大陆边缘拉张构造背景下的沉积作用特征,而双桥山群原岩沉积构造环境与大陆岛弧关系较密切,显示板块俯冲阶段的沉积特征.  相似文献   

5.
通过系统的高密度采样,选取了470件来自华南走廊带的细粒碎屑沉积岩,涵盖了中元古到白垩系地层,对其主要元素、微量元素、稀土元素进行了精确分析。研究结果显示,所有样品都存在明显的稀土元素的分异和Eu的负异常,其中(La/Yb)N=10.0,Eu/Eu*=0.67。相对上地壳平均组成,样品明显亏损Ca、Na和Sr,并具有较高的化学风化指数,暗示样品受到了较为强烈的风化作用影响,并且经历了长距离的搬运过程;主要元素和微量元素图解暗示样品的源岩可能包括花岗质、安山质和长英质岩石。样品的地球化学特征显示,样品可以代表较大的源区,并且W、Sn的含量可以反映走廊带上W、Sn分布特征。在走廊带上,W、Sn的含量自东南向西北递减,在江山—绍兴断裂带附近突变,该分布特征与华南地区的钨锡成矿作用非常吻合。碎屑沉积岩中W、Sn的含量明显高于上地壳平均含量,其中W、Sn含量的峰值存在于中元古代—奥陶系地层,而华夏地块从中元古代开始便具有高钨锡含量,可能是该地区形成全世界最大的钨锡成矿省的重要原因。  相似文献   

6.
闽西南地区上三叠统-中侏罗统文宾山组、梨山组和漳平组经历了一次大规模的海侵-海退事件.泥岩的常量元素分析和ICP-MS微量、稀土元素测试结果显示的地球化学特征表明,该套沉积物源岩主要为沉积岩和花岗岩.文宾山组和梨山组沉积物源岩是来自被动大陆边缘物源区和酸性岛弧源区的沉积岩和花岗岩(Rb＞ 100×10-6; K20＞ 1％;Hf=5.38×10-6～ 14.17×10-6;La/Th=1.64 ～4.94).漳平组源岩来自酸性岛弧源区和长英质、基性岩混合物物源区的花岗岩(Rb＞300×10-6; K20 ＞2％;Hf=3.75 ×10-6～6.64×10-6; La/Th =2.73 ～4.21).砂岩骨架成分研究表明,文宾山组物源主要来自火山弧造山带;梨山组和漳平组物源来自火山弧造山带和岩浆弧物源区,这与泥岩地球化学特征显示的物源区吻合.不同时代岩性岩相组合、泥岩地球化学特征和砂岩矿物成分特征,以及样品在Zr-Th、La-Th-Sc、Th-Co-Zr/10构造环境判别图解中的位置,说明文宾山组沉积物沉积于既有被动大陆边缘特性,也有大陆岛弧(∑REE =22.51×10-6～152.6×10-6;LREE/HREE=7.21～ 15.01,8Eu =0.69 ～0.90,La/Yb =5.64～ 16.93;(La/Yb)N=3.66～10.99)特性的弧后伸展盆地.梨山组沉积物沉积于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘(∑REE=140.4×10-6 ～335.5×10-6,LREE/HREE =9.52～15.90,δEu=0.48 ～0.62,La/Yb=11.04 ～21.13;(La/Yb)N =7.17 ～ 13.72),同时具有被动大陆边缘(∑REE=115.4×10-6～383.4×10-6,LREE/HREE=8.30 ～20.27,δEu =0.55～0.67,La/Yb=8.42 ～30.12;(La/Yb)N =5.47 ～ 19.56)特性的弧后挤压盆地.漳平组沉积物沉积于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘(∑REE=98.34×10-6～260.5×10-6,LREE/HREE=11.28～19.38,δEu=0.56 ～0.64,La/Yb=10.19 ～23.91;(La/Yb)N =6.62 ～15.52)特性的弧后挤压盆地.  相似文献   

7.
前人对于金沙江构造带内三叠纪碎屑岩形成和演化的研究甚少,影响了对金沙江洋盆演化历史的整体认识.维西地区上兰组为砂板岩夹灰岩沉积,与原岩图解结果一致.变质砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布于426～603 Ma、713～980 Ma、1 000～1 600 Ma和1 600～2 500 Ma四个年龄段,年龄信息主要记录了来自扬子陆块及其周缘老基底、同泛非期及加里东期的物质来源;∑REE含量略高于上地壳值且具明显的轻重稀土分异特征,（La/Yb）N=5.23～12.33,具有轻微的δEu异常.碎屑组分特征及判别图解显示其物源主要来自于碰撞造山带及少量火山弧造山带,源岩性质属于再循环的古老沉积物及长英质火山岩类,构造环境为大陆岛弧及活动大陆边缘.以上研究表明上兰组形成于碰撞挤压坳陷构造背景,结合区域构造演化综合判断其为一种弧后前陆盆地构造环境.   相似文献   

8.
分析了塔里木盆地塔北隆起奥陶系、三叠系和侏罗系泥岩的稀土元素丰度。不同时代泥岩都表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土含量均一和具有Eu负异常特征;但它们∑LREE/∑HREE、LaN/YbN、(La/Yb)UCC、Eu/Eu和Ce/Ce等参数则显示这些泥岩形成时的物源和环境有差别。奥陶纪时,研究区处于相对稳定的沉积环境,物源为成熟度高的大陆上地壳;二叠纪到三叠纪构造-火山活动强烈,部分沉积物来自火山岩的风化;侏罗纪塔北隆起区则进入稳定构造沉降阶段。这一差别对认识塔里木盆地及周边造山带形成演化研究有指示意义。  相似文献   

9.
宁武一静乐盆地侏罗系地层包括下侏罗统永定庄组,中侏罗统大同组、云岗组和天池河组,主要由粉砂岩夹泥岩组成.前侏罗纪古地貌背景和古流向相结合研究表明,物源区主要来自于北东方向的阴山一燕山造山带中段,对盆地内陈家半沟剖面24件碎屑岩样品的主量、稀土和微量元素进行了分析,可以为演绎源区早一中侏罗世的物源属性和构造背景提供一定的依据.通过研究主要得出以下结论:①碎屑岩样品中CO2与CaO具有较好的相关性,δCe与δEu、δCe与∑REE、化学蚀变指数(CIA)与Th/U、CIA与Th/Sc不具有相关性,说明研究区侏罗系碎屑成分主要受控于源岩特征,不受化学风化作用及氧化一还原条件的影响;②稀土元素的配分模式基本相同,LREE/HREE值高和明显的负Eu异常,表明早中侏罗世具有相同的物源,岩石以亲花岗岩、长英质为主,母岩碎屑主要来自于上地壳,尚没有地幔物质的参与,REE--La/Yb、La/Th--Hf、Co/Th--La/Sc、Th--Hf--Co、SiO2/A12O3-∑REE、K2O/Na2O--∑REE判别图解,也反映了相似的物源特征;③中侏罗世云岗期至天池河期,碎屑物质中CaO、CO:、Gd、成分变异指数(ICy)值以及(Gd/Yb)N值突然增加,表明源区处于快速隆升、剥蚀阶段,大量的古老沉积物质不断加入,这一变化可能与燕山运动的起始时限及造山过程存在紧密的联系.  相似文献   

10.
沉积盆地中碎屑砂岩的地球化学特征主要受物源区的制约,分析碎屑砂岩的化学成分可以揭示盆地砂岩的物源属性和构造背景。笔者对北羌塘盆地三叠系康南组碎屑砂岩进行全岩分析。样品具有高SiO_2含量,K_2O/Na_2O值变化较大,TFe_2O_3+MgO含量中等。稀土元素配分模式图显示富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N=3.96～9.25,平均为6.32,δEu明显负异常;δCe呈弱负异常。碱土金属元素和化学蚀变指数(CIA)以及成分变异指数(IPV)说明其源区物质较新鲜,成熟度相对较低,化学风化作用较弱—中等。此外,微量元素Th/U、La/Sc、Th/Sc等值以及TiO_2-Ni、La/Th-Hf、Co/Th-La/Sc和Th/Sc-La/Sc源岩判别图解反映砂岩的物源具有长英质特征。砂岩的SiO_2-K_2O/Na_2O、La-Th、La/Y-Sc/Cr双变量图解,La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10、Th-Co-Zr/10三变量图解以及Th/U、Rb/Sr等值表明北羌塘三叠系康南组碎屑砂岩的物源区构造背景以大陆岛弧为主,兼有被动大陆边缘构造背景特征。  相似文献   

11.
青藏高原拉萨地块后碰撞钾质和超钾质岩浆活动广泛分布且已有不少研究成果,但是它们的年龄主要是17~8Ma,而对于拉萨地块西部雄巴地区时代为24~23Ma的岩浆作用则研究较少。本文对雄巴盆地新识别出的三种类型火山岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究表明,它们分别是超钾质安粗岩(23.9±0.6Ma)、粗面英安岩(23.3±0.4Ma)和钾质流纹岩(24.1±0.3Ma),这三种岩石近于同时产出。三类岩石的源区明显不同,其中钾质流纹岩是中、上地壳部分熔融产物;具有埃达克质特征的钾质粗面英安岩可能为加厚下地壳部分熔融;而超钾质安粗岩可能富集地幔部分熔融的产物。雄巴三种火山岩均含数量不等的继承锆石,钾质流纹岩具有~150Ma、~90Ma和~50Ma的继承锆石年龄群;钾质粗面英安岩突出显示了~90Ma左右岩浆活动记录和两个新元古代继承锆石年龄;幔源超钾质安粗岩的继承锆石则绝大多数继承锆石为晚白垩纪以来的岩浆活动记录,突出显示110~80Ma和62~30Ma两个峰值。  相似文献   

12.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

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15.
Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola, the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with a KO Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively. The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits. Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 967–982.  相似文献   

16.
Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg−1) and water (39–2700 ng L−1) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg−1, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L−1 in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L−1. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg−1 and 0.15 to 12 μg kg−1, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea.  相似文献   

17.
The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt Dimin/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE Di are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially Di for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the Di of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V.  相似文献   

18.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.  相似文献   

19.
The 1988 good rainy season in the Sudan raised the hopes that desertification/land degradation and shortage of food so markedly observed in Western Sudan have been elevated. This was particularly so as large quantities of grains were produced in the mechanized rain-fed agricultural schemes in the clay plains of Eastern Sudan. But the field work carried by the author in the Umm Ruwaba district of Kordofan region in July/August 1989 shows that, although there has been some improvement in the crop production situation, desertification/land degradation and shortage of food produced locally are still prevailing in the district. The people are still living below the poverty line, but they are able to cope because of remittances from members of the families working abroad and because of donations of food by some world organizations.  相似文献   

20.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

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