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1.
通过一次培养、极谱滴定测定研究一次培养过程中叉边金藻细胞渗出物对铜、镉的络合容量及常数的变化;培养介质的营养水平;加入微量营养元素铁、锰和重金属铜对细胞生长和渗出物释放的影响。结果表明,在一次培养过程中,从接种到稳定生长期细胞渗出物的铜络合容量从1.49×10~(-7)mol/dm~3增加到8.34×10~(-7)mol/dm~3,条件稳定常数LgK′_(CuL)从7.57变化到7.11。培养介质的营养水平愈高,单个细胞渗出的有机物量增加,铁明显抑制细胞渗出物的释放,铜在细胞中可容忍的浓度范围内刺激细胞渗出物的释放。 相似文献
2.
牟氏角毛藻的有机渗出物及其对铜的络合作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对牟氏角毛藻(chaetoceros muelleri)进行一次性的培养过程,不同时间取藻培养液过滤,测定滤液中的COD及铜络合容量CC_(cu)值。结果表明,牟氏角毛藻在生长过程中向体外渗出有机物,在指数生长期渗出的有机物量很少;细胞渗出有机物明显增加;出现在静止期之后。牟氏角毛藻的细胞渗出物对铜具有络合能力,CCcu值从初始到192小时,由1.65×10~(-7)mol/dm~3增加到2.20×10~(-7)mol/dm~3。铜络合物的条件稳定常数在整个培养过程中无明显改变,logKcuL变化范围从7.27到7.74。过滤藻液的COD值从初始到192小时由0.81mg/dm~3增加到1.58mg/dm~3。 相似文献
3.
采用新极谱技术(1.5次微分)的阳极溶出伏安滴定方法测定天然海水的铜络合容量和条件稳定常数。对测试条件、EDTA回收率和有关问题进行了探讨。青岛近岸水样的九次平行测定表明,铜的表现络合容量为3.01×10~(-7)mol/dm~3,条件稳定常数为7.34×10~7,相对标准偏差分别为9.2％和13.8％。 相似文献
4.
采用连续培养方法,研究三角褐指藻对汞(HgCl_2)的吸附富集作用。结果表明,藻体对汞有较大的富集能力,加入培养瓶中的汞被藻体富集率在95％以上,富集因子的变化范围在3×10~4—2×10~5之间。三角褐指藻的吸附符合Freundlich吸附公式,其动力学过程是一级反应。并讨论了胶州湾水体中浮游植物与汞含量间的关系。 相似文献
5.
采用牟氏角毛藻通过生物法测定青岛多处近岸水的铜络合容量CC_(cu)。此法测定的CC_(cu)值范围在1.6×10~(-7)～6.7×10~(-7)mol/dm~3之间。测定了4个经紫外线消解的海水中不同含量EDTA,结果表明,此法可较好反映水体中配位体的含量。使用1.5次微分ASV法也测定了这些样品的CC_(cu),两种方法测定结果比较,表明生物法测得的CC_(cu)值大于ASV法。这样差异可能与两种方法测定铜的形态不同有关。 相似文献
6.
几种污染物对草鱼细胞SCE的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1987年10月—1988年6月期间,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)ZC-7901细胞株和1龄稚鱼作实验材料,选5种金属盐和4种农药作水体环境的污染物,对培养细胞和稚鱼进行处理,观察培养细胞和鱼体内肾细胞SCE的变化。结果表明:在每毫升培养基中分别含有104×10~(-7)mg的Cr~(6+),112×10~(-7)mg的Cd~(2+),74.9×10~(-7)mg的As~(3+),20l×l0~(-6)mg的Hg~(2+),207×10~(-4)mg的Pb~(2+)及216×10~(-4)mg的敌百虫等污染物,都能诱使培养细胞的SCE明显增加;稚鱼在每升分别含有15×10~(-7)g的Cr~(6+),15×10~(-7)g的Cd~(2+),13×10~(-7)g的Hg~(2+)的池水中喂养40天后,体内肾细胞的SCE也见增加;但是三环唑、甲胺磷、呋喃丹对细胞的SCE没有影响。本文认为,能够引起草鱼SCE变化的污染物的浓度,应该作为今后制定水质标准的参考;同时,草鱼培养细胞和体内肾细胞SCE的检测技术,可以发展成为一种监测水体环境污染的检测系统。 相似文献
7.
用自行设计安装的磁力浮沉子法密度装置测量溶液密度具有±3×10~(-3)kgm~(-3)的灵敏度,±3.5×10~(-3)kgm~(-3)的精密度。25℃时测定Nacl溶液的密度与Millero测量值平均偏差为2.6×10~(-3)kgm~(-3),求得NaCl的φ_v~0值为16.61(cm)~3mol~(-1)。 对12批中国标准海水及24个稀释中国标准海水的密度测量值(温度在15～25℃之间)与1980年国际海水状态方程计算值之间平均偏差为3.4×10~(-3)kgm~(-3)。实验结果表明中国标准海水及其稀释海水的密度与盐度及温度的关系遵从1980年国际海水状态方程。为中国标准海水作为溶液密度测量标准提供实验依据。 相似文献
8.
对2018年1月在广东环雷州半岛近海海域采集的海底表层沉积物、鲬鱼(Platycephalus indicus)进行汞含量的测定,分析比较了鲬鱼不同部位汞含量的差异,并采用单因子污染指数法对沉积物和鲬鱼的汞污染状况进行了风险评价。结果表明,环雷州半岛海域表层沉积物中汞含量范围为0.005×10-6～0.359×10-6,平均值为0.081×10-6,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物汞含量高于南部和西部海域。鲬鱼的鳃中汞含量范围为0.032×10-6～0.034×10-6,平均值为0.033×10-6;肌肉中的汞含量范围为0.065×10-6～0.080×10-6,平均值为0.073×10-6;肝脏中的汞含量范围为0.228×10-6～0.270×10-6,平均值为0.249×10-6。鲬鱼样品的汞含量都呈现出肝脏＞肌肉＞鳃。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,雷州半岛海域鲬鱼受到汞的轻微污染,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物存在汞污染生态风险,而其南部、西部海域尚未受到汞污染的威胁。 相似文献
9.
冬夏季南海西部固氮蓝藻 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究分析了冬季东北季风期(2006年11月27日-12月16日)及夏季西南季风期(2007年8月11日-9月16日)南海西部越南沿岸区域(10°~17°N,108°~115°E)的网采浮游植物样品,探讨了冬夏两季南海西部固氮蓝藻的物种、丰度及分布特征,以及影响固氮蓝藻丰度与分布的环境因素。冬夏两季南海西部固氮蓝藻主要有束毛藻(Trichodesmium)和胞内植生藻(Richelia intracellularis),束毛藻物种包括铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebaultii)、红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)以及汉氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium hildebrandtii),其中铁氏束毛藻为优势种,胞内植生藻主要与根管藻(Rhizosolenia sp.)共生。冬季时束毛藻藻丝体平均丰度为0.194×104 filaments/L,束毛藻细胞平均丰度为0.172×106 cells/L,胞内植生藻细胞平均丰度为0.255×104 cells/L,与笔尖形根管藻(Rhizosolenia styliformis)共生的胞内植生藻居多;蓝藻主要分布在调查海域的北部。夏季时束毛藻藻丝体平均丰度为2.995×104 filaments/L,束毛藻细胞平均丰度为6.007×106 cells/L,胞内植生藻细胞平均丰度为2.198×104 cells/L,与笔尖根管藻共生的胞内植生藻占优势。夏季时固氮蓝藻丰度高于冬季,胞内植生藻宿主更为多样化。本研究中温度及冷窝对蓝藻的分布有重要影响,而盐度单独对蓝藻分布的影响不大,与温度结合时表现出一定的限制作用。 相似文献
10.
本工作使用一次培养法初步研究了Cr(VI)对菱形硅藻和隐藻的毒性,实验结果表明,当Cr(VI)浓度大于16ppb时,则对其生长率产生抑制作用,其72小时EC_(50)值分别为260ppb和230ppb.根据活性点位模式计算了Cr(VI)与藻体的结合常数,约为2×10~5藻体中Cr含量与培养液中Cr浓度有关,两者近似指数关系,根据藻体中Cr含量和溶液中Cr的浓度,估计每个硅藻细胞与Cr最大结合容量约为5×10~(-17)mol/cell. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献