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由于双重灾种叠加，地震次生火灾曾经带来过巨大生命财产损失，并始终严重威胁人类社会。梳理历史上几次重大地震次生火灾情况，归纳地震次生火灾的成灾与蔓延研究成果，讨论现有研究成果中常用的分析手段和研究方法；从工程结构和装备设施，以及灾害区划单元两个层面总结分析了地震次生火灾的风险与损失评估研究成果；从民用建筑、油气化工设施、核电站、灾后安置点与林业等多个方面探讨地震次生火灾的预防和控制研究进展。采用文献计量学方法对近二十年以"地震次生火灾"为主题的中文文献进行统计，并分析研究热度与地震事件的联系。 相似文献
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基于震害的地震次生火灾高危害区模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以区域内工程结构(建筑物、交通设施和供水设施等)的地震破坏为基础,综合考虑小区建筑密度、人口密度、可能引发地震次生火灾的着火点密度、建筑类型、消防设施状况、消防站点到达时间和小区内道路密度等影响地震次生火灾发生和蔓延的因素,利用层次分析方法对这些影响因素进行量化,建立了小区地震次生火灾高危害小区评价模型。该模型的建立对于城市小区的地震次生火灾危险性评估提供了切实可行的评价方法,对城市小区日常防火安全也有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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以地震次生火灾为研究对象,构建了地震次生火灾的指标体系,在此基础上应用层次分析法建立数学模型,初步研究了地震次生火灾区划的方法. 相似文献
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建筑物震后火灾发生与蔓延危险性分析的概率模型 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19
本文探讨了建筑结构物震后可能发生的次生火灾的不确定性,给出分析的基本思路,提出了与建筑结构地震破坏状态相关的次生火灾发生和蔓延的危险性概率模型。通过对相关参数的初步量化分析,结合城市防灾工作中广泛使用的地理信息系统,给出了用于城市建筑物震后可能发生火灾或使火灾蔓延的危险性分析和次生火灾高危险区域的确定方法。 相似文献
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在收集大量调查资料的基础上,对河北省北部地震次生灾害做了预测,认为地震火灾、毒气泄漏和地震水灾是震后可能发生的较为严重的地震次生灾害。张家口、宣化、唐山和秦皇岛市具备发生大型地震火灾的条件,张家口市、怀来县和唐山市有可能发生地震引发的毒气泄漏、官厅、密云、陡河及山西省的册田水库大坝震后出现险情引起的地震水灾将对我省北部造成危害。地震造成的剧毒物质、腐蚀性物质及人工放射源的泄漏的散落也应引起高度重视 相似文献
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基于G1S确定城市地震次生火灾高危区方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用建筑物震后火灾发生与蔓延危险性分析的概率模型,给出建筑结构在地震破坏状态下的次生火灾发生的概率。通过综合分析其它影响因素,给出判定城市地震次生火灾发生的高危险区的方法。并在GIS(Geograpllic Information System)下实现对城市地震次生火灾高危险区的划分。 相似文献
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地震次生火灾预测模型研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文研究了地震次生火灾预测的理论建模问题,文中建议用泊松过程模拟次生火灾的发生概率,并在此基础上推导了单幢建筑物和城市小区的地震次生火灾发生模型。 相似文献
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GIS-based risk assessment of grassland fire disaster in western Jilin province, China 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Tong Zhijun Zhang Jiquan Liu Xingpeng 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(4):463-471
Grassland fire disasters have occurred frequently and adversely affected livestock agriculture and social-economic development
greatly in the grassland regions of Jilin province, China. Moreover, both the frequency of grassland fire and loss from them
are considered to be increasing with the global warming and economic development. This study presents a methodology for risk
analysis and assessment of grassland fire disaster, taking western Jilin province as a case study area based on geographic
information system (GIS). The composite grassland fire disaster risk index (GFDRI) combined the hazard of grassland fire,
the exposure of the region, the vulnerability and emergency response and recovery capability for grassland fire disaster of
the region were developed to assess and compare risk of grassland fire disaster in different counties in western Jilin province,
China using the natural disaster risk index method (NDRIM), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted comprehensive method
(WCM). Then, the risk degree of grassland fire disaster was assessed and regionalized in the western Jilin province, China
based on GFDRI by using GIS. It is shown that the most places of western Jilin province were in mediate risk. Zhenlai, Tongyu
were in heavy risk. Taobei, Ningjiang, Fuyu were in light risk. The information obtained from interviewing the district official
committees in relation to result compiled was statistically evaluated. The GFDRI was developed to be an easily understandable
tool that can be used to assess and compare the relative risk of grassland fire disaster in different counties in t western
Jilin province, China, and to compare the different relative contributions of various factors, e.g., frequency of grassland
fire and quality of emergency evacuation plan. The GFDRI is specifically intend to support local and national government agencies
of grassland fire disaster management as they (1) make resource allocation decisions; (2) make high-level planning decisions;
and (3) raise public awareness of grassland fire disaster risk, its causes, and ways to manage it. 相似文献
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With urban reformation and opening becoming deeper, the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would
be more important. In this paper, some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions
on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities. The information system mainly includes a subsystem for
rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information, distribution of earthquake intensity,
evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency (which mainly includes project of disaster relief, project
of personnel evacuation, dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articles-storing places and protection measures against
them, assistant decision on fire due to earthquake, location of head-quarter for providing disaster relief, and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings (including lifeline engineering)
are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system. 相似文献
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通过对地震次生灾害评估的介绍，以大连石化公司为例，详细介绍了石化企业地震次生火灾的特点及相应的评估方法，这一研究成果将为厂区的发展规划提供基础依据。 相似文献
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隧道纵向通风对火灾规模和火灾蔓延的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隧道纵向通风一方面会给火源提供大量氧气,扩大火灾规模,增加火灾蔓延的可能性;另一方面又可以带走大量热量,减小火灾蔓延的可能性。目前,这两方面影响的相对重要性还没有被很好地研究。本文对纵向通风对隧道火灾蔓延的影响进行了研究,首先分析了纵向通风对隧道火灾规模的影响,然后利用火灾动力学模拟程序FDS,对不同通风速率及相应火灾规模条件下隧道内车辆间的火灾蔓延进行了数值模拟,得出了不同通风速率条件下火灾蔓延的规律,并提出了控制隧道火灾蔓延的措施。结果表明,增加通风速率能较大地增加货车火灾的热释放速率,当通风速率小于2m／s时,火灾蔓延的距离随通风速率的增加而增大,当通风速率大于2m／s时,火灾蔓延的距离受通风速率的影响很小;对于客车火灾,通风对火灾的热释放速率影响较小,并且火灾蔓延的距离随通风速率的增大而减小。 相似文献
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Evaluation of Earthquake Losses and Establishment of a Corresponding Database System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
After the Datong-Yanggao earthquake (October 1989),a special team was organized for the first time by the SSB of China to start the work of earthquake damage evaluation for the purpose of providing the government with a scientific basis for disaster relief.The result of the evaluation played an important role in speeding up rehabilitation and reducing damage losses in the earthquake area.Based on the evaluation of earthquake damage from the Datong-Yanggao earthquake and recent research results,this paper presents a method for quick evaluation of earthquake damages,introduces software entitled EDEP (earthquake damage evaluation program) for evaluating earthquake damage,and cites a case to explain the main function and application of the EDEP.Finally,for a quicker evaluation of earthquake damages,the paper also proposes the establishment of database systems of earthquake damage evaluation in the emphatically monitored areas and ways to build up such database systems. 相似文献
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１９９６年５月３日在内蒙古自治区包头附近发生６．４级强烈地震，给当地人民群众的生命财产造成重大损失。该文概述了这次地震的情况内容包括：震源参数、震灾情况、抗震救灾、社会和经济以及地震趋势。 相似文献
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地震发生时刻、震级、极震区烈度评估、烈度衰减关系模型、人员伤亡评估模型、房屋震害矩阵等是影响地震灾害损失计算的主要因素,各因素存在不确定性,导致评估结果与实际结果存在一定差距。文中对2019年6月19日四川长宁6.0级地震灾害损失快速评估精准性进行分析,探讨极震区烈度评估、地震影响场、烈度衰减关系模型、人员伤亡评估模型、房屋震害矩阵对评估结果的影响及与真实结果存在的偏差,结果表明,提高地震影响场评估、人口、房屋建筑等数据空间分布精准性,是提高地震灾害损失快速评估系统精准性的基础和前提。 相似文献
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ISO-834标准火灾作用后方钢管混凝土构件滞回性能试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
研究火灾后钢管混凝土结构的抗震性能，对于合理进行该类结构火灾后的修复具有重要意义。本文通过对6个ISO-834标准火灾作用后方钢管混凝土构件进行往复荷载作用下的荷载-变形滞回性能试验，探讨火灾作用后方钢管混凝土荷载-变形滞回曲线的特点以及刚度退化规律，并对火灾作用后方钢管混凝土压弯构件极限承载力和抗弯刚度计算方法进行了讨论。 相似文献