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广东省水库枝角类组成特征的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
于2000年丰水期和枯水期调查了广东省19座典型大中型水库枝角类,随后对其中3座代表性水库进行了4年的枝角类种类定性调查.在鉴定出的枝角类16属24种中有13个广温种、7个嗜暖种、3个嗜寒种和1个特有种;每个水库的平均种类数5-6种.从个体大小来看,水库枝角类以小个体种类为主,有14种的体长小、于1 mm,它们分布广且数量多,其中优势种主要为长额象鼻溞、秀体溞、微型裸腹溞、颈沟基合溞和角突网纹溞等.透明溞和透明薄皮溞是主要的大个体种类,出现在4座贫、中营养水库的水样中.水库枝角类的丰度较低,在丰水期,平均丰度小于10 ind./L和10-20 ind./L的水库分别为14座和5座,在枯水期,为12座和5座,而高州水库和河溪水库中的平均丰度达67ind./L.主要优势种在不同营养类型水库中分布差别不大.枝角类的丰度受水力滞留时间影响,直流型水库的枝角类种群丰度的分布明显受到水流速度的影响,湖泊区枝角类个体及其食物均随水库放水输出而减少.由于采样点主要位于大坝附近,枝角类以敞水区的种类为主.从种类组成和数量来看,广东省水库枝角类具有明显的热带特点,枝角类的生物量小,以个体较小的种类优势种,大型种类的个体数量极低且身体透明. 相似文献
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《Acta Geochimica》2017,(4)
River systems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Rivers transport carbon to the ocean and also affect the carbon cycle in the coastal ocean. The flux from land to the ocean is thought to be a very important part of the land carbon budget. To investigate the effect of dam-building on dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in rivers, three reservoirs of different trophic states in the Wujiang basin, Guizhou Province, were sampled twice per month between May 2011 and May 2012. Temporal and spatial distributions of DOC in the reservoirs and their released waters were studied. It was found that different factors controlled DOC in river water, reservoir water, and released water. DOC in the rivers tended to be affected by primary production. For reservoirs, the main controlling factors of DOC concentration varied by trophic state. For the mesotrophic Hongjiadu Reservoir, the effect of primary production on DOC concentration was obvious. For the eutrophic Dongfengdu Reservoir and the hypereutrophic Wujiangdu Reservoir, primary production was not significant and DOC came instead from soil and plant litter. 相似文献
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随着经济社会的快速发展和进步,我国湖库水体富营养化情况越来越严重.卫星遥感在水体营养状态监测方面具有重要潜力,但基于卫星遥感的全国范围内湖库水体营养状态监测和分析方面还鲜有研究.本文基于2018夏季的MODIS卫星遥感数据生产FUI指数产品,构建基于FUI水色指数的湖库营养状态评价方法,监测全国范围内144个重点湖库水体的营养状态等级.结果表明：贫营养、中营养、富营养的湖库比例分别为16%、24%、60%;营养状态在空间上分布不均匀,总体上呈现东高西低的现象;东北山地与平原和东部平原湖区以富营养状态水体为主;西部湖库水体以贫到中营养状态为主,尤其是青藏高原湖区贫营养比例比较高;海拔和地表温度等自然因素与工业点源和农业面源污染等人为因素是湖库营养状态的重要影响因素. 相似文献
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富营养深水水库底栖动物群落与浮游生物相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底栖动物和浮游生物通过食物网发生复杂的交互作用,是水库生态系统物质循环的重要组分.南湾水库和汤浦水库均为存在富营养化现象的深水水库,具有较长时间的水温分层期.本文选取这两座供水水库为对象,比较其水体营养状态、底栖动物的群落结构、现存量和多样性.通过群落状态指数(IICS)定量评估底栖动物群落状态,并采用PLS模型、Spearman秩相关以及回归图探讨浮游生物各类群密度与IICS的关系.研究结果显示,南湾水库富营养程度高于汤浦水库,寡毛类在南湾水库占据优势地位,摇蚊类在汤浦水库数量上占优.南湾水库以收集者为主,其数量占比远高于汤浦水库.深水水库通常存在较强的热分层,富营养化会加重水库底部的缺氧或厌氧状态,导致底栖动物遭受周期性的缺氧扰动,影响种类多样性和现存量,改变浮游生物类群与底栖动物群落的相关性,因此底栖动物群落与浮游生物的相关性能够提供判断水库富营养化程度的重要信号,进而为水库管理方提供更多有价值的参考信息. 相似文献
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Plankton of the Baltic estuarine ecosystems with emphasis on Neva Estuary: a review of present knowledge and research perspectives 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Telesh IV 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(3):206-219
Different levels of eutrophication and pollution in the Baltic coastal waters in general, and in estuaries particularly define variations in the buffering capacity of ecosystems of these important filter zones between rivers and the adjacent Baltic Proper. Phyto- and zooplankton in the estuaries form important components of the pelagic food webs that participate in producing and structuring the matter, energy, and information fluxes in the ecosystems. Due to salinity gradients, estuaries provide a large variety of aquatic habitats for native populations of marine, brackish and fresh water plankton species. Non-indigenous planktonic species that expand their bio-geographical range and invade the Baltic coastal ecosystems also find favourable environments, establish permanent populations there, and impact aboriginal ecosystems. The dynamics of abundance, species diversity, population structure, productivity of planktonic communities, and peculiarities of trophic interactions in different Baltic estuaries are influenced by a number of common environmental factors. Being measured on the unified basis and monitored, changes (or stability) of structural and functional parameters of plankton communities can serve as indicators of alterations to the ecosystems. Comparative analyses and quantitative estimates of long-term changes in phyto- and zooplankton can contribute to evaluation of functional response of Baltic coastal ecosystems to anthropogenic stress. Both theoretical (modeling) and empirical studies of interactions within plankton communities aimed at the assessment of the role of planktonic organisms in water quality regulation, and applicability of these data for the evaluation of the status of ecosystems and their management can be considered as major goals for the future investigations in Baltic estuaries. 相似文献
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The results of studies of the concentrations and the ratios between the forms of organic matter in Volga reservoirs are presented. The reservoirs under consideration have different morphometric characteristics. flowage, and trophic status. Total organic matter content varies from 7.1 to 11.8 g/m3 or from 39.1 to 70.8 g/m2 with the proportion of labile fraction of 4.4–15.2%. The primary production of plankton, the daily value of which accounts for 14–40% of labile organic matter, has a notable effect on its concentration and input. Organic matter pool in Volga reservoirs forms under the effect of the morphometric features of reservoirs, water exchange, and the drainage area. The total characteristics of organic matter in the Upper Volga reservoirs have not experienced significant changes over the 20-year period. However, data for 2005 show that the contribution of primary production to the total concentration of organic matter and its labile fraction have decreased due to a decline in the productivity of planktonic communities recorded in recent years. 相似文献
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秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)是我国大型淡水湖库的重要经济渔获对象,也是水体中浮游动物的捕食者之一.以往的研究从渔业的角度揭示了秀丽白虾的生物学特征与食性,但少有研究探讨秀丽白虾这一无脊椎动物捕食者对春、夏季浮游生物群落的影响.本研究设计了一个单因素户外微宇宙实验,比较了春季—初夏(4-6月)时期,有无秀丽白虾条件下水体氮、磷浓度以及浮游生物生物量和群落结构的变化.结果 表明:1)秀丽白虾的存在显著降低了春季水体总氮(TN)浓度,增加了水体总磷(TP)浓度,降低了水体TN∶TP比值;2)秀丽白虾的捕食减少了大型枝角类Daphnia pulex和浮游动物总生物量,D.pulex在浮游动物群落中的优势度被轮虫取代,浮游动物群落趋于小型化;3)秀丽白虾显著增加了春季水体叶绿素a浓度,但对浮游植物群落结构的影响不明显.研究表明在大型湖库中,秀丽白虾等无脊椎动物捕食者可能是影响浮游生物群落变化的因素之一,在春季浮游生物研究中应予以关注. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2017
Temperate and tropical shallow lakes differ in several fundamental aspects with respect to management of eutrophication. High altitude tropical shallow lakes are a special case, showing similarities with temperate and tropical lakes. We studied the ecology of the eutrophic high-altitude tropical lake Yahuarcocha in the Ecuadorian Andes and evaluated the potential of biomanipulation to control eutrophication. With a toxin-producing Cylindrospermopsis bloom, low Secchi depth and low submerged macrophyte cover, Yahuarcocha is clearly in a turbid ecosystem state. Relatively low nutrient concentrations should theoretically allow for a shift to a clear water state through biomanipulation. Top-down control of phytoplankton by zooplankton, however, is complicated by the (1) absence of predatory fish, (2) fish community dominated by small poecelid species, (3) lack of a refuge for zooplankton from fish predation within the macrophytes, and (4) persistent, grazing resistant bloom of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis. In these aspects, lake Yahuarcocha is more similar to tropical shallow lakes, probably because water temperature is high relative to the mean air temperature and because of the absence of a cold season. The fish and macrophyte communities consisted almost entirely of exotic species. The exotic fish species probably stabilized the turbid state in the lake. 相似文献
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Seasonal variations in the trophic structure of phyto-and zooplankton communities in lakes in different trophic states 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A number of environmental factors are important in regulating the trophic structure of plankton. Increased nutrient supply results in an explosive development of small algae and herbivorous zooplankton. In the eutrophic lakes (Greifensee, Hallwilersee) several algal community collapses occur each year as a consequence of the grazing habit of the zooplankton, although only the grazing phase in May/June results in a ‘clear water period’. Vertical mixing influences the zooplankton community by reactivating the resting stages of predatory copepods. Predation phases can only be observed in lake Lucerne, where the hypolimnion ist deep and aerobic. Well balanced relationships between the different trophic levels are restricted to the phases with growth limiting conditions. 相似文献
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The spatial and seasonal distribution of the viable heterotrophic population and three heterotrophic physiological groups, i.e. ammonifyers, nitrate reducers and sulphate reducers, were studied in two reservoirs in the province of Vizcaya (Spain). Using indicative parameters, both reservoirs were classified as warm monomictics, one hypereutrophic and the other mesotrophic. A direct relation between the size of the bacterial populations and the trophic levels of the reservoirs was observed. Likewise, the distributions of the bacterial populations in the water column are basically different. In the hypereutrophic lake there is a direct relationship between the bacterial distribution and the physical-chemical environment of the reservoir that cannot be observed in the mesotrophic lake. 相似文献
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热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构对生态修复的响应 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落以轮虫和小型枝角类为主,往往缺乏大型浮游动物,其影响因子还存在争议,因此通过减少鱼类,提高大型后生浮游动物密度,从而增强对浮游植物的下行控制、修复热带富营养化湖泊的方法受到质疑.暨大南湖位于广州暨南大学校园内,是热带富营养化浅水湖泊,于2014年1—2月实施以鱼类去除和水生植被重建为主的生态系统修复工程,以期改善水质.通过对南湖修复前后水质、后生浮游动物以及修复后鱼类群落的调查分析,研究了后生浮游动物群落对修复的响应.结果表明:与修复前相比,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著降低,透明度显著上升.枝角类丰度和生物量显著增加,修复后初期出现较高密度的大型枝角类蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex),桡足类丰度和生物量没有显著变化,轮虫丰度下降而生物量上升;后生浮游动物体长和生物多样性显著增加.随着鱼类密度的增加,蚤状溞丰度快速降低,后期鱼类减少后蚤状溞丰度又有所升高.因此,本研究显示鱼类是控制热带浅水湖泊大型浮游动物种群的主要因素,由于控制鱼类密度以维持较高大型浮游动物密度较为困难,因此单纯生物操纵在热带浅水湖泊修复中难以取得显著效果. 相似文献
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浮游生物是湖泊食物网的重要组成,其碳、氮稳定同位素能够反映元素地球化学循环和食物来源的波动,是了解水域生态系统结构变化的重要手段之一.本文选取云南4个不同类型湖泊,开展浮游生物碳、氮稳定同位素组成(δ13C、δ15N)的季节变化与湖泊对比研究.大型深水湖泊(抚仙湖和阳宗海)中,浮游植物δ13C值在夏、秋季(-20.34‰±1.98‰)显著高于冬、春季(-28.00‰±2.51‰),反映夏秋季藻类生长速率较高、HCO3-无机碳源利用增多等的影响.而小型浅水湖泊(长桥海和大屯海)中浮游植物δ13C值在夏季最高(-21.24‰±0.88‰),可能与雨季流域输入增强、陆源有机质占比增加有关.4个湖泊浮游生物δ15N值具有一致的变化特征,春季显著高于其他季节.分析表明,云南地区雨季以面源污染为主向旱季以点源污染为主的转变,导致氮素营养盐季节性来源差异,并通过生物吸收作用影响了浮游生物δ15N值的季节变化.在浮游动物与浮游植物的稳定同位素差值(即富集度)方面,营养水平高的小型浅水湖泊中δ13C富集度为1.61‰±0.90‰、δ15N富集度为2.71‰±1.22‰,显著小于营养水平低的大型深水湖泊(分别为2.60‰±0.98‰和4.19‰±1.25‰),表明随着湖泊营养水平的增加,浮游动物更多地以浮游植物为食,导致有机碳在不同营养级之间的传输过程中具有更强的耦合作用,且相邻营养级之间具有更低的δ15N富集度特征. 相似文献
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Trophic cascade hypotheses predict that fish will affect the structure and biomass of pelagic plankton communities. In order to investigate trophic cascade effects from fish down to phytoplankton, whole-lake studies were performed in five hypertrophic (mean total phosphorus (TP) concentrations higher than 1000 mg m−3) shallow lakes located in the Pampa Plain. The main climatic characteristic of this region is the alternation between periods of drought and flood, with corresponding changes of lake depth and conductivity of lake water. All lakes were studied from April to December 2000. Samples were taken of their physical and chemical characteristics and biotic communities, focusing on the zooplankton community. Fish were manipulated in four lakes (Capurro, Longinotti, Vedia 1, Vedia 2), while the fifth (Lake Vedia 3) was left undisturbed as a reference system. High abundance of planktivorous minnows (Jenynsia multidentata and Cheirodon interruptus) dominated the fish community in the reference lake. In the manipulated lakes, fish stocks were largely reduced in late autumn (May). During winter, Capurro, Longinotti and Vedia 1 were stocked with a visual planktivore, the pampean silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis, Atherinidae). Fish stocking was 24, 33 and 19 kg ha−1, respectively. In contrast, no fish were stocked in Lake Vedia 2. Following fish removal, large Daphnia appeared in these lakes and grazed intensively on the phytoplankton. In contrast, no Daphnia were found in the reference lake (Vedia 3). The stocking of O. bonariensis in lakes Capurro, Longinotti and Vedia 1 led to a decrease in the percentage of large cladocerans and a rise in the phytoplankton biomass:TP ratio. Moreover, the lakes mentioned were stocked with different quantities of silversides over different periods of time. These differences were reflected temporarily in the plankton dynamics, affecting mainly larger sized zooplankton. Nevertheless, the presence of Daphnia was short lived in the lake where fish had been removed and no O. bonariensis were stocked. Competition for resources and recruitment of remaining fish probably caused a collapse in the zooplankton biomass. Our results support the idea that fish predation on zooplankton and its effect on phytoplankton is very intense in small pampean lakes. Fish removal was short lived, however. This could be because in small pampean lakes fish recolonization is favored, and minnows are highly prolific. Moreover, if manipulation of the trophic structure of lakes is undertaken in the pampean region, high nutrient loading from the watershed, climate and hydrology should also be taken into account. 相似文献
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Paleolimnological evidence of limnetic nutrient concentration equilibrium in a shallow, macrophyte-dominated lake 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
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基于主客观赋权模糊综合评价法的湖泊水生态系统健康评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用湖泊营养状态指数判断湖泊的富营养化状态,并根据湖泊的水质、沉积物和水生生物群落的现状和特点,运用主观赋权法中的层次分析法和客观赋权法中的熵权法结合模糊综合评价法,对长江中游地区江汉湖群37个湖泊的水生态系统进行健康状态评价.对湖泊富营养化的调查结果表明,海口湖处于中营养状态,18个湖泊处于富营养化状态,18个湖泊处于超富营养化状态.湖泊生态系统健康评价的研究结果表明,37个湖泊中,处于健康状况"优"的湖泊只有海口湖,处于健康状况"良"的湖泊有5个,分别为东西汊湖、花马湖、梁子湖、童家湖和涨渡湖,其余31个湖泊均处于健康状况"差"的状态.经过与湖泊营养状态指数的对照,本研究结果表明,由主观赋权的专家评分的层次分析法结合模糊综合评价法对江汉湖群湖泊水生态健康状态的评价效果相比客观赋权的熵权模糊综合评价法更贴合实际. 相似文献
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Andreev V. P. Zhakovshchikova T. K. Ryabova V. N. Sorokoletova E. F. Sharygin A. A. 《Water Resources》2003,30(4):427-433
The results of studying the concentration of chlorophyll in the water suspension (analysis of biomass, number, and species composition of phyto- and zooplankton) are used to estimate the trophic characteristics and saprobity of water bodies and streams of the Noril'sko-Pyasinskaya System. It has been found that during the period of the most intense operation of the Noril'sk Mining and Metallurgical Plant, the minimum values of plankton number and biomass become typical of the southern part of Pyasino Lake. The state of biota during extraordinary late spring flood and especially cold trans-polar summer has been studied. 相似文献
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浮游生物主要由浮游植物和浮游动物组成,是湖泊生态系统的重要组分. 嵌套性结构及物种间的互作关系对群落的分布格局、功能乃至稳定性都具有重要意义,然而到目前为止,我们对此仍知之甚少. 为此,本研究以东太湖为研究区域,在2019—2020年期间进行了春、夏、秋、冬季的观测调查,根据浮游生物群落的组成和多样性特征,结合群落分布矩阵和二分网模型研究浮游生物的嵌套性格局及其互作关系,并探讨其驱动机制. 结果显示：(1)在时间上,春、秋、冬季水体的理化特征较为相似,但与夏季的水质差异显著. 在空间上,西南部区域的综合污染指数显著高于东北部;(2)环境异质性使得浮游植物呈现出明显的嵌套性分布,即秋、冬季群落是春、夏季群落的子集. 然而,浮游动物并未呈现该分布特征;(3)浮游生物的互作关系具有明显的季节特征：冬季的互作网络组成最简单,物种竞争最激烈,物种的特异性关系、物种脆弱性和一般性最小,说明浮游生物群落的稳定性在冬季最弱. 综上所述,水环境的时空差异性造成的生态位分离可能是造成浮游生物嵌套性及其互作网络季节性变化的主要机制. 相似文献